Yes / Purpose – Blockchain is one of the most significant emerging technologies that is set to transform many aspects of industry and society. However, it has several major technical, social, legal, environmental and ethical complexities that offer significant challenges for mainstream use within the public sector. The Covid-19 pandemic has compelled many public sector employees to work remotely, highlighting a number of challenges to blockchain adoption within the Indian context signifying the pertinence of this research topic in the post-pandemic era. This study offers insight to researchers and policymakers alike on how such challenges are interdependent within this important subject. Design/methodology/approach – We explored 16 unique sets of challenges selected from the literature and gathered data from nine experts from government settings, healthcare and education sectors and academia who have significant knowledge and experience of blockchain implementation and use in their respective organisations. The implementation of Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) and MICMAC provided a precise set of driving, linkage and dependent challenges that were used to formulate the framework. Findings – The developed ISM framework is split into six different levels. The results suggest that the bottom level consists of challenges such as ‘Lack of standards (C9)’ and ‘Lack of validation (C10)’ form the foundation of the hierarchical structure of blockchain adoption. However, the topmost level consists of a highly dependent challenge termed ‘adoption of blockchain in the public sector (C16)’. The research filters the selected set of five challenges to develop a parsimonious model and formulated six propositions to examine the impact of ‘lack of standard (C9)’, ‘lack of validation (C10)’ on ‘security issues (C3)’ and ‘privacy concerns (C2)’, which eventually determine individuals’ ‘reluctance to use blockchain technology (C12)’. Originality/Value – This research fills a key gap in exiting research by exploring the key challenges in blockchain adoption within the public sector by developing a valuable framework to model this important topic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to address these challenges and develop a parsimonious model for challenges of blockchain adoption in the public sector settings.

En embarquant un appareil photo grand public de bonne qualité sur un drone ou un ULM, il est aujourd'hui possible de réaliser de manière 100% automatique des modélisations 3D visuellement « parfaites » ou en tout cas suffisante tant que ce modèle est utilisé comme support de communication. Par contre, les performances de ces méthodes sont encore mal maîtrisées dans le contexte où l'on veut utiliser le modèle comme outil de mesure. Les géométries d'acquisition linéaires, propices aux dérives de bandes photogrammétriques, en sont un exemple représentatif. Un phénomène de courbure de bande est alors constaté, nécessitant un travail de mesure terrain conséquent pour être corrigé. Ces imprécisions limitent l'intérêt de telles acquisitions, et sont un défi pour la communauté des photogrammètres, le marché naissant du drone, mais aussi de multiples industriel ayant un intérêt fort pour des systèmes capables d'assurer un suivi de mouvement 3D des sols avec une précision de quelques millimètres (par exemple suivi de digues, érosion agraire, surveillance de réseaux ferrés,...). Cette thèse est un projet de recherche issu d'un partenariat entre l'Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière (IGN), et la Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), concessionnaire chargé d'entretenir et surveiller le réseau de digues de retenue du fleuve. Il s'agit - à partir de moyens aériens légers - d'arriver à un système d'auscultation plus rapide, plus économique et offrant une géométrie plus fine que les systèmes topométriques utilisés actuellement. Nous présentons tout d'abord une étude comparative des moyens aériens légers, montrant l'intérêt et les limitations des drones face aux ULM. Nous proposons des procédures d'acquisition adaptées aux géométries étudiées, permettant de limiter de manière opérationnelle les dérives. Dans un second temps, nous montrons que les phénomènes de courbure sont liés à des modèles d'orientation internes inadaptés, et nous proposons une procédure d'auto-calibration en trois étapes. Nos essais menés sur des chantiers linéaires montrent que le calcul des orientations est sensiblement amélioré (d'écarts métriques à des écarts centimétriques). Dans un troisième temps, nous proposons une optimisation de la compensation sur les points d'appuis, permettant de diminuer le nombre de mesures nécessaires. Enfin, nous présentons des méthodes pour contrôler l'incertitude des modèles 3D générés, et à travers une analyse diachronique, des exemples de suivi d'évolution permettant de suivre finement l'évolution de tels ouvrages / By embarking a good quality consumer grade camera on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or on an ultralight system, it is possible to create – fully automatically – 3D models that are visually ''perfect'', or at least sufficient for visual or communication purposes. However, the accuracy of these methods is still a concern, especially if the resulting models are to be used as measuring tools. Linear acquisitions – also known as corridor mapping – are a striking example of the uncontrolled error propagation. A bowl effect is often observed, requiring multiple ground measurements to be overcome. These effects restrict the interest of such acquisitions. They are a challenge for the photogrammetrists community, the emerging civil UAV market, as well as many industrials interested in systems able to monitor ground deformations with an accuracy within a few millimeters (railway network surveillance, erosion of agricultural land, embankments monitoring,…).This thesis is an applied research project, led with a river concessionary which has the responsibility to maintain and keep under surveillance its containment dykes network. The purpose is to use light aerial systems as a mean for a monitoring system which is faster, cheaper, and more detailed than the topometric solutions used so far. First of all, we present a comparative study to understand, between UAVs and ultralight system, which tool is the most adapted for a specific need. We propose refined acquisition procedures, than can be used to limit operationally the drifts. In a second phase, we identify the internal camera model as the weak link, and propose a three steps auto-calibration procedure. Our tests led on linear acquisitions demonstrate that the external orientations accuracy are noticeably improved (from decimetric or even metric disparities, reduced to a few centimeters or less). In a third part, we propose an optimization of the adjustment on the ground control points, which is a way to limit the amount of ground measurements necessary. Finally, we present methods to control 3D models uncertainty, and through a diachronic analysis, examples of how such data can be used to monitor such structures through time

Au cours de la dernière décennie, les drones ont été largement utilisés dans les domaines des applications civiles. La photogrammétrie aéroportée a trouvé place dans ces applications comme une solution efficace de modélisation 3D mais aussi comme un outil de mesure. Vinci-Construction-Terrassement est une entreprise privée spécialisée dans le secteur des Travaux Publics qui intègre les drones et la photogrammétrie comme une solution de cartographie et de métrologie de ses chantiers. Cet outil est très efficace, par exemple, pour le calcul des volumes de stocks ou pour le suivi temporel de zones spécifiques avec un risque de glissement de terrain. Le but de ce travail est d’arriver à un géo-référencement direct des images acquises par la caméra lors du vol en s’appuyant uniquement sur un récepteur GPS embarqué. Le système utilisé doit être de faible coût et par conséquent le traitement des données est adapté à cette contrainte / Over the last decade, drones have been largely used for civil applications. Airborne photogrammetry has found place in these applications as a modeling and a measuring tool. Vinci-Construction-Terrassement is a private company of public building and works sector that integrates drones and photogrammetry as a mapping solution and metrology investigation on its sites. This tool is very efficient for the calculation of stock volumes for instance, or for time tracking of specific areas with risk of landslides. The aim of the present work is to do direct georeferencing of images acquired by the camera leaning on an embedded GPS receiver. The UAS used needs to be low cost and therefore data processing is adapted to this constraint

An enhanced approach for the impact analysis is presented. Impact analyses play an important role in future research analysis as part of the scenario techniques in the strategic management field. Nowadays, they are also applied for the description of mutual relationships of tangible and intangible resources in organisations. The new method is based on currently existing methods using a cross impact matrix and overcomes some of their drawbacks. Indirect impacts are considered together with their impact strengths. A modification of the impact matrix is not necessary. Simple examples show that the new method leads to more reasonable and stable results than the existing methods. The new method shall help analysing the complexity of social systems in a more reliable way.

This thesis examines the history of the Mi'kmaq people inhabiting Kmitkinag (Nova Scotia) and Unimaki (Cape Breton Island) from before contact to 1760. While contact precipitated change in Mi'kmaq society, the process was gradual, the result of the particular historical circumstances in which interactions between the two societies evolved. In the late seventeenth century, the Mi'kmaq established an alliance with the French Crown, made possible by previous social and economic relationships between Mi'kmaq families and French traders, fishermen and settlers. As European settlement increased and imperial rivalry in North America intensified in the eighteenth century, tensions emerged in the alliance, revealing the cultural differences between the Mi'kmaq and France's subjects. The thesis demonstrates that economic and political factors were more important than national identity in influencing the texture of Mi'kmaq-European relations.

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In this qualitative research study, First Nation students in high school participated in an interview study designed to (1) describe how their school experiences related to academic success and (2) to identify learning strategies used to achieve success. Participants described the importance of achieving academic success to ensure future economic security. In their approaches to learning, participants preferred multiple modes of learning. Various types of learning strategies included both visual and verbal methods such as teacher demonstrations, reading, and writing. Motivational influences were also identified as contributing to their educational success which came from a variety of sources such as teachers, parents, peers, and community leaders. Educational success for these Aboriginal students is both multi-dimension and multi-modal. Implication of the research and future direction will be discussed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Carleton University, 2001. / Accompanying material : 1 folded map in pocket. Includes bibliographical references (p. 346-370). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

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No description available.