Superligas à base de níquel vêm sendo extensivamente utilizadas em diversas aplicações nas indústrias devido ao excelente comportamento mecânico e anticorrosivo. No entanto, essas ligas possuem certas particularidades que levam à necessidade de desenvolvimento de técnicas de inspeção e caracterização metalúrgica, como forma de garantir a integridade estrutural dos componentes fabricados com essas ligas. Neste trabalho, a técnica de correntes parasitas foi aplicada à superligas à base de níquel com duas propostas distintas: 1) Em um primeiro momento foi realizado o estudo da evolução microestrutural da liga Inconel 718 durante o processo de envelhecimento através da combinação do ensaio por correntes parasitas, análise de difração de raios-X, análise metalográfica, medidas de dureza e tamanho de grão. As medidas foram realizadas em amostras submetidas a diferentes ciclos de tratamentos térmicos variando entre 620-1035°C. Os resultados mostraram que as diferentes microestruturas do Inconel 718 têm efeitos distintos na condutividade elétrica quando medidos através da técnica de correntes parasitas. A influência da microestrutura na condutividade pode ser mostrada sendo devido à competição de dois efeitos sobre o espalhamento de elétrons: a purificação da matriz e a morfologia, distribuição e tamanho dos precipitados. A combinação dos valores de dureza e condutividade elétrica provou ser uma forma rápida e prática de determinar o nível de envelhecimento da liga; 2) Em um segundo momento foi desenvolvido um processo de otimização de sensores através de modelagem por elementos finitos (MEF). Através de uma metodologia de otimização, os parâmetros de construção e operação de um sensor foram otimizados para inspeção de defeitos superficiais e subsuperficiais esperados em materiais cladeados com Inconel 625. O sensor com a geometria ótima foi construído e testado a fim de verificar a eficiência do processo de otimização. Uma ótima correlação entre os resultados numéricos e experimentais foi encontrada e o sensor ótimo se mostrou eficiente na inspeção de pequenos defeitos superficiais e subsuperficiais na liga Inconel 625 quando operado nas frequências apropriadas. / Nickel-based superalloys have been extensively used in various industries due to its unique mechanical and corrosion behavior. However, these alloys show particular characteristics which lead to the need for specific inspection and metallurgical characterization techniques in order to ensure the structural integrity of components manufactured from these alloys. In this work , the eddy current technique was applied to nickel-base superalloys with two aims: 1 ) Firstly, the microstructural evolution of Inconel 718 during aging processes has been studied through a combination of eddy current testing, X-ray diffraction analysis, metallography, hardness and grain size measurements. Measurements were carried out in samples subjected to different heat treatment cycles between 620-1035°C. Results show that different microstructures of Inconel 718 have a distinguishable effect on electrical conductivity when this is measured through an appropriately sensitive technique (i.e. eddy current testing). The influence of microstructure on conductivity could be shown to be due to the competition between two effects on the scattering of electrons: matrix purification and precipitate size, distribution and morphology. A combination of hardness values and electrical properties proved to be a fast and practical way of determining the stage of aging of the alloy; 2) An optimization method of eddy current sensor design was developed through finite element modeling (FEM). Through a methodology of optimization, the construction and operation parameters of the sensor were optimized for inspection of superficial and subsuperficial defect, commonly found in weld overlay Inconel 625 claddings. A prototype of this sensor with the optimum geometry was built and tested on blocks identical to those considered in the models in order to verify the efficiency of the optimization process. A very good agreement between numerical and experimental results was found. Moreover, the optimal sensor was efficient to detect small surface and subsurface defects in Inconel 625 when operated at appropriate frequencies.

No description available.

Titanium-7%wt-Aluminum (Ti-7Al) has been of interest to the aerospace industry owing to its good structural and thermal properties. However, extensive research is still needed to study the structural behavior and determine the material properties of Ti-7Al. The homogenized macro-scale material properties are directly related to the crystallographic structure at the micro-scale. Furthermore, microstructural uncertainties arising from experiments and computational methods propagate on the material properties used for designing aircraft components. Therefore, multi-scale modeling is employed to characterize the microstructural features of Ti-7Al and computationally predict the macro-scale material properties such as Young's modulus and yield strength using machine learning techniques. Investigation of microstructural features across large domains through experiments requires rigorous and tedious sample preparation procedures that often lead to material waste. Therefore, computational microstructure reconstruction methods that predict the large-scale evolution of microstructural topology given the small-scale experimental information are developed to minimize experimental cost and time. However, it is important to verify the synthetic microstructures with respect to the experimental data by characterizing microstructural features such as grain size and grain shape. While the relationship between homogenized material properties and grain sizes of microstructures is well-studied through the Hall-Petch effect, the influences of grain shapes, especially in complex additively manufactured microstructure topologies, are yet to be explored. Therefore, this work addresses the gap in the mathematical quantification of microstructural topology by developing measures for the computational characterization of microstructures. Moreover, the synthesized microstructures are modeled through crystal plasticity simulations to determine the material properties. However, such crystal plasticity simulations require significant computing times. In addition, the inherent uncertainty of experimental data is propagated on the material properties through the synthetic microstructure representations. Therefore, the aforementioned problems are addressed in this work by explicitly quantifying the microstructural topology and predicting the material properties and their variations through the development of surrogate models. Next, this work extends the proposed multi-scale models of microstructure-property relationships to magnetic materials to investigate the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition. Here, the same Ising model-based multi-scale approach used for microstructure reconstruction is implemented for investigating the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition of magnetic materials. The previous research on the magnetic phase transition problem neglects the effects of the long-range interactions between magnetic spins and external magnetic fields. Therefore, this study aims to build a multi-scale modeling environment that can quantify the large-scale interactions between magnetic spins and external fields. / Doctor of Philosophy / Titanium-Aluminum (Ti-Al) alloys are lightweight and temperature-resistant materials with a wide range of applications in aerospace systems. However, there is still a lack of thorough understanding of the microstructural behavior and mechanical performance of Titanium-7wt%-Aluminum (Ti-7Al), a candidate material for jet engine components. This work investigates the multi-scale mechanical behavior of Ti-7Al by computationally characterizing the micro-scale material features, such as crystallographic texture and grain topology. The small-scale experimental data of Ti-7Al is used to predict the large-scale spatial evolution of the microstructures, while the texture and grain topology is modeled using shape moment invariants. Moreover, the effects of the uncertainties, which may arise from measurement errors and algorithmic randomness, on the microstructural features are quantified through statistical parameters developed based on the shape moment invariants. A data-driven surrogate model is built to predict the homogenized mechanical properties and the associated uncertainty as a function of the microstructural texture and topology. Furthermore, the presented multi-scale modeling technique is applied to explore the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition of magnetic materials, which causes permanent failure of magneto-mechanical components used in aerospace systems. Accordingly, a computational solution is developed based on an Ising model that considers the long-range spin interactions in the presence of external magnetic fields.

L'axe de recherche suivi dans cette thèse comprend principalement. L'élaboration, les caractérisations structurale par rayons X (XRD), microstructurale par microscopies électroniques (SEM et EBSD), chimique (EDS et EPMA) et mécanique (essais de traction et dureté) de jonctions de pièces d'acier au carbone à travers le procédé appelé ‘Transient Liquid Phase Bonding' (TLPB), en utilisant comme matériel d'apport des rubans amorphes des systèmes Fe-B-Si et Fe-B, et des feuilles de Cu.Les jonctions TLPB ont été obtenus en chauffant les pièces à unir à une température de 1300ºC, qui est maintenue pendant 7 min, en même temps qu'on applique une pression de 5 MPa.Les résultats EBSD et SEM montrent que lorsque des rubans amorphe de Fe-B-Si sont utilisés comme matériel d'apport, on observe dans la zone de jonction des tubes une microstructure caractérisée par des grains de ferrite alors que dans la zone affectée par la chaleur (Heat Affected Zone, HAZ), on observe une microstructure ferritique-perlitique. Les grains de ferrite de la jonction ne sont généralement pas partagés avec ceux de la HAZ et sont clairement délimités par des bords de grains. Grâce aux profils de compositions obtenus par EDS et EPMA, on peut montrer que le jonction s'enrichit en Si et s'appauvrit en Mn. Cette microsegregation de Si et Mn produite par le procédé TLPB fait de la jonction une région de formation prématurée de ferrite au bord des grains de l'austénite de la HAZ. Après l'austénite de la HAZ se transforme au refroidissement pour former une structure ferritique/perlitique, qui contraste avec la jonction. Les propriétés mécaniques, montrent que la fracture se produit dans la HAZ loin de la jonction. Les mesures de dureté dans la jonction et la HAZ sont en accord avec les microstructures observées.Une étude complémentaire sur des régions avec une solidification isothermique incomplète montre que dans une première étape la phase primaire qui solidifie est pareille à celle du procédé TLPB et ensuite d'autre phases apparaissent. La phase métastable Fe23B6, a pu être détecté par une expérience de microdiffraction XRD (ID27, ESRF en Grenoble).Lorsque l'on utilise des rubans amorphes de Fe-B comme matériel d'apport, on ne distingue pas clairement les microstructure de la jonction de celle de la HAZ. Les grains de ferrite de la jonction sont partagés avec ceux de la HAZ et on peut visualiser une solidification épitaxiale dans la jonction à partir des grains de la HAZ. Les propriétés mécaniques, montrent que la résistance à la traction est d'au moins 88% de la valeur des pièces métalliques. Dans ce cas la rupture se produit à la jonction bien que les valeurs de dureté correspondent à celle attendus pour les microstructures présentes.Finalement , lorsque une feuille de Cu est utilisé comme matériaux d'apport on observe des microstructures similaires pour la jonction et la HAZ. Près de la surface on observe une porosité du à l'effet Kirkendall (le Cu de la jonction diffuse dans la pièce métallique plus rapidement que le Fe de celle-ci diffuse dans la jonction ce qui génère un flux de lacunes vers la jonction d'où sa porosité). Cet effet est moins marqué (moins de porosité) loin des bords car la pression au niveau de la jonction est plus grande. Ceci indique la haute sensibilité de l'effet Kirkendall avec la pression. Les propriétés mécaniques montrent que la résistance à la traction est d'au moins 85% de la valeur des pièces métalliques et la rupture se produit à la jonction. La rupture est lié à la présence de phases secondaires du à l'abondance de régions avec une solidification isothermique incomplète (ces régions cèdent sous tractions ce qui réduit l'aire efficace lors de l'essai entrainant la rupture par surcharge). Les mesures de dureté dans la jonction et la HAZ sont en accord avec les microstructures observées. / The main scientific activities carried out in this thesis includes: The structural characterization by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), microstructure analysis by electron microscopy (SEM and EBSD), chemical analysis (EDS and EPMA) and mechanical testing - tensile and hardness tests - of the joints of bonded carbon steel parts by means of the Transient Liquid Phase Bonding (TLPB) process, using as filler materials amorphous ribbons of Fe-B and Fe-Si-B systems, and Cu foils.The TLPB bonded joints were obtained by heating the assembly to a temperature of 1300ºC, which is maintained for 7 min, at the same time a pressure of 5 MPa is applied.The results obtained both by SEM and EBSD show that when amorphous Fe-Si-B ribbons are used as filler material, at the joint of the bonded parts a microstructure consisting of ferrite grains is observed, in contrast with ferritic-pearlitic microstructure at the heat affected zone (HAZ).The ferrite grains at the joint are not generally shared with those of the HAZ, and are clearly delimited by grain boundaries. The composition profiles obtained both by EDS and EPMA show that the joint is enriched in Si and is depleted in Mn. During cooling, this microsegregation of Mn and Si produced by the TLPB makes the joint a region where ferrite is formed prematurely at austenite grains boundaries of the HAZ. Afterwards, the austenite of the HAZ transforms to form a ferritic/pearlitic microstructure, which contrasts with that of the joint. The tensile tests of specimens from the bonded parts show that the fracture occurs in the HAZ, far from the junction. Hardness measurements both at the joint and at the HAZ are consistent with the observed microstructures.A complementary study at the joint was carried out where the isothermal solidification completion was not achieved. During cooling, at a first stage the phase which solidifies is the same than that during the TLPB process. Finally, the appearance of other phases takes place. The metastable phase Fe23B6 was detected by X-Ray microdiffraction (ID27, ESRF at Grenoble).When amorphous Fe-B ribbons are used as filler material, there is no clear distinction between the microstructure at the joint and at the HAZ. The ferrite grains at the joint are shared with those of the HAZ, and epitaxial solidification of these grains can be visualized from the grains of the HAZ.When tensile tested, the bonded parts attain at least 88% of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the base metal. In this case, fracture occurred at the joint, although the values of hardness correspond to those expected for the observed microstructures.Finally, when Cu foils are used as filler material, the microstructure observed at the joint is similar to that of the HAZ. Close to the outer surface, porosity due to Kirkendall effect is observed (the Cu of the joint diffuses into the base metal faster than the Fe into the joint, which generates a flow of vacancies towards the joint, thus developing porosity). This effect is less pronounced (less porosity) away from the outer surface where the pressure at the joint is larger. This indicates the high sensitivity of the Kirkendall effect with pressure. The tensile test shows that the joint attains at least 85% of the UTS of the base metal, and that it fails at the joint. The latter is related to the abundance of secondary phases due to an incomplete isothermal solidification (these areas - with lower strength compared with the base metal - fail before under traction, which reduces the effective area during the test, resulting in an overload failure). Hardness measurements at the joint and at the HAZ are consistent with the observed microstructres.

Microstructure characterization and reconstruction (MCR) is an important prerequisite for empowering and accelerating integrated computational materials engineering. Much progress has been made in MCR recently; however, in the absence of a flexible software platform it is difficult to use ideas from other researchers and to develop them further. To address this issue, this work presents MCRpy as an easy-to-use, extensible and flexible open-source MCR software platform. MCRpy can be used as a program with graphical user interface, as a command line tool and as a Python library. The central idea is that microstructure reconstruction is formulated as a modular and extensible optimization problem. In this way, arbitrary descriptors can be used for characterization and arbitrary loss functions combining arbitrary descriptors can be minimized using arbitrary optimizers for reconstructing random heterogeneous media. With stochastic optimizers, this leads to variations of the well-known Yeong–Torquato algorithm. Furthermore, MCRpy features automatic differentiation, enabling the utilization of gradient-based optimizers. In this work, after a brief introduction to the underlying concepts, the capabilities of MCRpy are demonstrated by exemplarily applying it to typical MCR tasks. Finally, it is shown how to extend MCRpy by defining a new microstructure descriptor and readily using it for reconstruction without additional implementation effort.

Various nitrides, such as chromium nitride and titanium nitride, find extensive use in cutting tools, micromechanical devices, and medical implants due to their exceptional physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. These coatings exhibit superior hardness compared to high-speed steel and cemented carbide along with notable protective capabilities against corrosion and wear. These coatings have been successfully used to enhance the properties of cemented carbide and steel tools while safeguarding their surfaces. By adjusting deposition parameters like N2 gas pressure, the properties of PVD coatings can be tailored to effectively withstand specific dominant wear modes during machining. The study investigates and demonstrates that CrN coatings can be specifically engineered to have distinct mechanical and tribological properties by adjusting the N2 gas pressure, which enhances machining performance in cases where BUE formation occurs. A comprehensive coating characterization was conducted for each CrN coating studied. Wear performance assessments of the various CrN-coated WC tools were carried out during dry finish turning of SS 304. Additionally, high temperature coating characterization was performed for the best-performing in house deposited coating (nitrogen gas pressure of 4 Pa, bias voltage of -50 V) and a commercial coating, up to 450°C. The results highlighted the influence of N2 gas pressure on the structural, mechanical, and tribological properties of CrN coatings. The findings indicate that coatings with a comparatively low H/E ratio (while maintaining higher elastic modulus values), low roughness, moderate residual stress, high plasticity index, and high toughness exhibited superior performance when machining sticky materials and in high-temperature applications prone to adhesive wear and built-up edge (BUE) formation. Furthermore, high-temperature studies confirmed that the in-house coating retained a low H/E ratio, high plasticity index, high toughness, and low roughness, without compromising the hardness or elastic modulus values. In contrast, the commercial coating failed to retain its properties at higher temperatures. These high-temperature studies provide valuable insights for selecting CrN coatings tailored for machining materials that tend to adhere to the cutting tool and for high-temperature applications. / Dissertation / Master of Applied Science (MASc) / Coating properties such as hardness, residual stress, adhesive behaviour, elastic modulus, and roughness significantly affect tool performance and wear patterns, besides machining parameters and conditions. This research focuses on CrN coatings deposited by PVD cathodic arc deposition, adjusting the N2 gas pressure while keeping bias voltage constant. The research investigates and illustrates that CrN coatings can be specifically tailored (by adjusting the N2 gas pressure) to possess unique mechanical, and tribological properties that ameliorate machining performance in scenarios involving BUE formation. Three CrN coatings were deposited using the PVD technique by varying the N2 gas pressure. A thorough coating characterization was conducted for each of three in house deposited coatings and one commercially available coating. The wear behaviour of different CrN-coated WC tools was evaluated during dry finish turning of SS 304 to identify the best-performing coating. Lastly, high-temperature coating characterization was performed up to 450 ˚C for one in-house deposited coating (nitrogen gas pressure of 4 Pa, bias voltage of -50 V) and one commercial coating. The results showed that a coating that has low H/E ratio (without compromising elastic modulus), high plasticity index, high toughness, moderate residual stress and low roughness effectively minimizes issues related to sticking and BUE formation and retains coating properties at high temperatures.

Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as condições de processamento e caracterização da liga 66Co-28Cr-6Mo utilizada em implantes. Cada lingote foi produzido por meio de fusão a arco voltáico, sob atmosfera de argônio em um cadinho de cobre refrigerado à água. Os resultados foram comparados com aqueles de uma barra da liga 66Co-28Cr-6Mo comercial. A temperatura de forjamento a quente da liga é em torno de 1200º C, pois temperaturas menores levam a fraturas do material no decorrer do forjamento. Na análise química realizada na liga 66Co-28Cr-6Mo obteve-se uma concentração de 0,038%C, ou seja, esta concentração encontrada nos lingotes da liga 66Co-28Cr-6Mo produzida estão dentro das especificações da norma ASTM F1537 para a liga com baixo teor de carbono (0,14%C). Os lingotes apresentaram uma microestrutura policristalina, com presença de defeitos volumétricos (poros) possívelmente advindos do processo de solidificação. Foram realizados ensaios de oxidação nas temperaturas de 1200 oC, 1100 oC, 1000 oC e 900 oC por cerca de 30 minutos para avaliar o grau de oxidação da liga de 66Co-28Cr-6Mo em elevadas temperaturas, pois a conformação mecânica da liga é realizada a quente conforme descrito na norma ASTM F1537. O limite de escoamento à tração da liga 66Co-28Cr-6Mo na condição bruta é em média de 750 MPa e o módulo de elasticidade da mesma liga é, aproximadamente de 158 GPa. Notou-se na liga 66Co-28Cr-6Mo comercial uma microestrutura com grãos refinados, proveniente do processo de forjamento a quente. Além disso, observa-se a presença de maclas, porém não se pode afirmar se este defeito é devido à deformação plástica ou tratamento térmico. O limite de escoamento à tração da liga 66Co-28Cr-6Mo comercial foi de 975 MPa e módulo de elasticidade é, de aproximadamente de 203 GPa. A densidade de corrente de corrosão das ligas 66Co-28Cr-6Mo produzida e comercial são respectivamente 1,9x10-7 e 1,5x10-7 Acm-2. Estes valores indicam uma alta resistência à corrosão de ambas as ligas em solução de Ringer. As amostras das ligas 66Co-28Cr-6Mo comercial e produzida apresentaram uma curva de viabilidade celular acima da linha do índice de citotoxicidade (IC50%) = 50%, ou seja, as ligas são consideradas não tóxica. / In this study we evaluated the processing conditions and characterization alloy 28%Cr 66%Co-6%Mo used in implants. Each ingot was produced by through arc melting arcing under argon atmosphere in a water-cooled copper crucible. The results were compared with those of a commercial bar 66Co-28Cr-6Mo alloy. The temperature of hot forging 66Co-28Cr-6Mo alloy should be around 1200 º C because lower temperatures lead to fracture of the material during forging. In the chemical analysis performed on the alloy 66Co-28Cr-6Mo obtained a concentration 0,038 %C. Indeed the alloy 66Co-28Cr-6Mo produced are within the specifications of ASTM F1537 for the alloy with low carbon (0.14% C). The ingots had a polycrystalline microstructure with the presence of volumetric defects (pores) possibly arised from the solidification process. Oxidation tests were carried out at temperatures of 1200 oC, 1100 oC 1000 oC and 900 oC for about 30 minutes to evaluate the degree of oxidation of 66Co-28Cr -6Mo alloy at high temperatures because of the mechanical forming league will be held hot. The tensile yield strength of the 66Co-28Cre-6Mo alloy is provided and gross average of 750 MPa and elasticity of the same alloy is approximately 158 GPa. It was noted in the 66Co-28Cr-6Mo alloy commercial grain microstructure with a refined, from the hot forging process. Moreover, observed the presence of twinned, but one cannot say whether this defect is due to plastic deformation or heat treatment. The tensile yield strength of the 66%Co-28%Cr-6%Mo alloy trade was 975 MPa and modulus of elasticity is of approximately 203 GPa. The corrosion current density of the 66Co-28Cr-6Mo alloys and commercial produced are respectively 1,9.10-7 and 1,5.10-7 Acm-2. These values indicate a high corrosion resistence of both alloys in Ringer\'s solution. Samples of the commercial and produced 66Co-28Cr-6Mo alloys a curve above the cell viability index of citotoxicity (IC50%) = 50% the alloys are considered non-toxic.

Moisture damage in asphalt mixes refers to the loss of serviceability due to the presence of moisture. The extent of moisture damage, also called moisture susceptibility, depends on internal and external factors. The internal factors relate to the properties of the materials and the microstructure distribution, while the external factors include the environmental conditions, production and construction practices, pavement design, and traffic level. The majority of the research on moisture damage is based on the hypothesis that infiltration of surface water is the main source of moisture. Of the two other principal mechanisms of water transport, permeation of water vapor and capillary rise of subsurface water, the latter has been least explored. A laboratory test and analysis methods based on X-ray computed tomography (CT) were established to assess the capillary rise of water. The amount and size of air voids filled with water were used in the capillary rise equation to estimate the distribution of the contact angles between the water and the mastic. The results were able to show the influence of air void size on capillary rise and contact angles. The relationship between air void structure and moisture susceptibility was evaluated using a fundamental fracture model based on dissipated energy of viscoelastic materials. Detailed description is provided in this dissertation on the deduction of the model equation, the selection of the model parameters, and the required testing protocols. The model parameters were obtained using mechanical tests and surface energy measurements. The microstructure of asphalt mixes prepared in the laboratory having different air void structures was captured using X-ray CT, and image analysis techniques were used to quantify the air void structure and air void connectivity. The air void structure was found to influence the mix resistance to moisture damage. To validate the fracture model, asphalt mixes with known field performance were tested. The results demonstrated that the fracture model is an effective tool to characterize moisture susceptibility. In addition, the model showed good correlation with the reported field performance of the asphalt mixes. The findings of this study will be useful to highway engineers to evaluate asphalt mixes with alternative mix designs and internal air void structures and to estimate the rate of moisture infiltration in order to maximize the resistance of asphalt mixes to moisture damage.

Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as condições de processamento e caracterização da liga 66Co-28Cr-6Mo utilizada em implantes. Cada lingote foi produzido por meio de fusão a arco voltáico, sob atmosfera de argônio em um cadinho de cobre refrigerado à água. Os resultados foram comparados com aqueles de uma barra da liga 66Co-28Cr-6Mo comercial. A temperatura de forjamento a quente da liga é em torno de 1200º C, pois temperaturas menores levam a fraturas do material no decorrer do forjamento. Na análise química realizada na liga 66Co-28Cr-6Mo obteve-se uma concentração de 0,038%C, ou seja, esta concentração encontrada nos lingotes da liga 66Co-28Cr-6Mo produzida estão dentro das especificações da norma ASTM F1537 para a liga com baixo teor de carbono (0,14%C). Os lingotes apresentaram uma microestrutura policristalina, com presença de defeitos volumétricos (poros) possívelmente advindos do processo de solidificação. Foram realizados ensaios de oxidação nas temperaturas de 1200 oC, 1100 oC, 1000 oC e 900 oC por cerca de 30 minutos para avaliar o grau de oxidação da liga de 66Co-28Cr-6Mo em elevadas temperaturas, pois a conformação mecânica da liga é realizada a quente conforme descrito na norma ASTM F1537. O limite de escoamento à tração da liga 66Co-28Cr-6Mo na condição bruta é em média de 750 MPa e o módulo de elasticidade da mesma liga é, aproximadamente de 158 GPa. Notou-se na liga 66Co-28Cr-6Mo comercial uma microestrutura com grãos refinados, proveniente do processo de forjamento a quente. Além disso, observa-se a presença de maclas, porém não se pode afirmar se este defeito é devido à deformação plástica ou tratamento térmico. O limite de escoamento à tração da liga 66Co-28Cr-6Mo comercial foi de 975 MPa e módulo de elasticidade é, de aproximadamente de 203 GPa. A densidade de corrente de corrosão das ligas 66Co-28Cr-6Mo produzida e comercial são respectivamente 1,9x10-7 e 1,5x10-7 Acm-2. Estes valores indicam uma alta resistência à corrosão de ambas as ligas em solução de Ringer. As amostras das ligas 66Co-28Cr-6Mo comercial e produzida apresentaram uma curva de viabilidade celular acima da linha do índice de citotoxicidade (IC50%) = 50%, ou seja, as ligas são consideradas não tóxica. / In this study we evaluated the processing conditions and characterization alloy 28%Cr 66%Co-6%Mo used in implants. Each ingot was produced by through arc melting arcing under argon atmosphere in a water-cooled copper crucible. The results were compared with those of a commercial bar 66Co-28Cr-6Mo alloy. The temperature of hot forging 66Co-28Cr-6Mo alloy should be around 1200 º C because lower temperatures lead to fracture of the material during forging. In the chemical analysis performed on the alloy 66Co-28Cr-6Mo obtained a concentration 0,038 %C. Indeed the alloy 66Co-28Cr-6Mo produced are within the specifications of ASTM F1537 for the alloy with low carbon (0.14% C). The ingots had a polycrystalline microstructure with the presence of volumetric defects (pores) possibly arised from the solidification process. Oxidation tests were carried out at temperatures of 1200 oC, 1100 oC 1000 oC and 900 oC for about 30 minutes to evaluate the degree of oxidation of 66Co-28Cr -6Mo alloy at high temperatures because of the mechanical forming league will be held hot. The tensile yield strength of the 66Co-28Cre-6Mo alloy is provided and gross average of 750 MPa and elasticity of the same alloy is approximately 158 GPa. It was noted in the 66Co-28Cr-6Mo alloy commercial grain microstructure with a refined, from the hot forging process. Moreover, observed the presence of twinned, but one cannot say whether this defect is due to plastic deformation or heat treatment. The tensile yield strength of the 66%Co-28%Cr-6%Mo alloy trade was 975 MPa and modulus of elasticity is of approximately 203 GPa. The corrosion current density of the 66Co-28Cr-6Mo alloys and commercial produced are respectively 1,9.10-7 and 1,5.10-7 Acm-2. These values indicate a high corrosion resistence of both alloys in Ringer\'s solution. Samples of the commercial and produced 66Co-28Cr-6Mo alloys a curve above the cell viability index of citotoxicity (IC50%) = 50% the alloys are considered non-toxic.

No description available.