The thesis deals with the influence of low-flammable electrolytes on negative electrodes. The thesis describes materials used in lithium-ion batteries and functions of individual components. There is also a description of conductometry and electron microscopy, which is used in the practical part, ie during measurement. All findings are summarized at the end of the thesis.

The purpose of this Master thesis is to verify migration of mesenchymal stem cells on the principle known as chemotaxis. First part of this study is focused on cell migration in order to explain the whole migration process. Next part describes various chemotaxis methods and selected studies dealing with clinical applications of mesenchymal stem cells in different medical and biomedical fields. The following step describes confocal microscopy, which is used for acquiring images of the cells. The experimental part is focused on cultivation of mesenchymal stem cells in a laboratory, which is necessary for cell vitality. Furthermore, there are designed two main experiments. Firstly there is a 2D experiment with adherent cells for chemotaxis using -Slide Chemotaxis. Secondly Transwell migration test is designed and executed. Finally, the acquired images from confocal microscope are used for image processing, which was done in Matlab R2020a programming environment. The result of this processing is evaluation of cell confluence and migration. In the end, experimental part of this study was optimized according to recommended studies. The results are summarized in the conclusion with proposal for improvements of those methods.

This work deals with problems of lithium-ion batteries. In the theoretical part are described electrochemical sources in general and their division. The main representatives of individual types of electrochemical sources are described in more detail. In the next part the thesis focuses specifically on lithium-ion accumulators, their history, electrochemical reactions taking place inside and materials of individual parts of which the accumulator consists. Next part focuses on electron microscopy and its division into scanning and transmission. Basic parts and the principle of operation are described. The practical part is focused on creating a small cell for examination under an electron microscope.

This thesis describes an innovative method for topographic measurement of diffuse surfaces. Tested surface is measured indirectly using nanoparticles distributed across the studied area. An image of every particle is captured by CCD camera as a double helix point spread function whose angular rotation corresponds to local surface height. Used point spread function is the result of an interference of non-diffracting vortex beams that are formed by a spiral phase mask from light originating from a nanoparticle. Diploma thesis presents an overview of current techniques for surface topography measurement. Next, working principle of proposed method is described and its experimental application is discussed. An influence of signal-to-noise ratio and image sampling on reconstruction precision is studied using numerical simulations and, as a result, optimal experimental parameters are proposed. Practical potential of the method is demonstrated by 3D reconstruction of planar and spherical surfaces in the depth range of up to 9 times the depth of focus of used microscope objective.

The thesis aim is an evaluation of achieved results coming from the analysis of pipe bend 180° for the critical bending / bend 1D and supercritical bending / bend 0,7D. The theoretical part is focused on material property of a bimetallic pipe and on methods applied to work out the analysis. The definition of critical points at a considered segment and possible defects arisen while bending is embodied in the thesis. The practical part of the thesis is based on presenting dimensional and proportional analysis based on using optical microscopes and 3D scanner GOM ATOS. The material analysis was aimed at macrostructure as well as microstructure of the bimetallic pipe material, at chemical composition and at the hardness when low-loaded. The analysis achieved results are assessed at the end of the thesis.

Control of cultivation conditions in the~live cell imaging extends the possibilities of biological experiments and makes the experimental results more reliable. In order to change the~cultivation conditions in a controlled manner and increase the reproducibility of the experiments, it is necessary to reduce the amount of manual operations and replace them with automated procedures. Therefore, the concept of a new automated culture device (bioreactor) was created. This device controls the exchange of medium in the observation chamber, ensures the circulation and exchange of the atmosphere and controls its composition. The bioreactor is intended for use in the Laboratory of Experimental Biophotonics. This laboratory is equipped with coherence-controlled holographic microscope (CCHM), which uses quantitative phase imaging (QPI) method. Thus, the bioreactor is adapted to the current requirements of this laboratory and optical elements of the bioreactor meet the requirements of the QPI method. This text specifies the cultivation conditions of the living cells and summarizes, how the conditions could be controlled in the live cell microscopy. Next some commercially available culture devices are described and assessed, whether they are convenient for the~use in Laboratory of Experimental Biophotonics. The crucial part of the thesis is the~design, construction and testing of the new bioreactor.

High pressure on the development of new magnetic materials and their miniaturization also emphasizes the development of new analytical techniques. This diploma thesis deals with the development and demonstration of correlated magnetic force and electron microscopy, which is a promising tool for the characterization of magnetic nanomaterials. The first part of this thesis describes the fundamental physics of micromagnetism with a focus on cylindrical nanofibers. The following pages describe optic, probe, electron, and synchrotron methods for mapping the magnetic properties of materials. The next part describes magnetic domain wall motion in cylindrical nanowires performed as a part of a more extensive material study. The last part of the thesis describes the development of correlated magnetic force and electron microscopy on LiteScope device. A production of magnetic probes was designed and successfully tested. Probes were fabricated by focused electron beam-induced deposition from the Co2(CO)8 precursor. Further, the developed correlated microscopy is demonstrated on a multilayer PtCo sample, magnetic cylindrical nanofibers, NiFe vortex structures, and FeRh metamagnetic nano-islands.

The demountable splicing of optical fibres uses different types of connectors which ensures accurate position of connected fibres. If the optical fibres are aligned in free space, a view from two perpendicular viewing directions is necessary for a maximum aligning accuracy. The method of direct monitoring of optical fibres provides this possibility however, it is necessary to use two imaging systems. This problem can be solved by a special microscope, which is designed in this thesis. The microscope can visualize the alignment of optical fibres from two mutually perpendicular directions by moving the objective lens and inclined mirror. The diploma thesis also describes the procedure of designing an optical simulation of the connection of optical fibres. Based on it, the microscope is designed, adjusted and tested with various optical fibres.

This thesis is dedicated to the production of aluminum casting alloys. It maps the course of changes in the morphology of eutectic and its influence on mechanical properties during the long-term meltdown. In particular, the use of image analysis methods contributes to describing these processes. The presented results show that the eutectic shape does not change even during the meltdown for 110 minutes. There is only a roughing and an increase in grain size. There was also no influence on the mechanical properties that fit the practical application of the alloy examined

Hydrogen processing is becoming increasingly important not only in the production of electricity but also during its accumulation. One of the energy storage options are liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC). The main drawback of LOHC is the need for a large amount of thermal energy to release molecular hydrogen. We can bypass this issue using heterogeneous catalysis by transferring hydrogen from LOHC to acetone and using the produced 2-propanol (IPA) in the fuel cell. This innovative strategy of getting electri- cal energy from LOHC can be potentially energetically neutral. In this work, we studied highly ordered Co3O4(111) model catalysts for IPA oxidation in the as-prepared state and enhanced with platinum (Pt) nanoparticles. Catalysts were prepared by Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) and further investigated by means of Low Energy Electron Diffrac- tion (LEED), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD). The nucleation process of Pt on the as-prepared Co3O4(111) surface was studied by depositing low amounts 0.04 and 0.13 monolayer (ML) of Pt, that create clusters as small as 2 or 3 atoms with no need for a special nucleation site. We have identified the formation of Pt-induced defects in the atomically flat cobalt oxide...