Thesis (M.M.A.S.)--School of Advanced Airpower Studies, 1995. / Subject: Examines the organization, training, doctrine, and experience of joint task forces within each of the five geographically tasked unified commands. Cover page date: June 1995. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Il existe de toute évidence des activités militaires dont l’exercice se fait au détriment de l’environnement. D’un point de vue juridique, on constate un mouvement d’exclusion quasi automatique des activités militaires du champ du droit commun de la protection de l’environnement. Ce mouvement d’exclusion se manifeste par la multiplication des dérogations dont bénéficient les activités militaires, lesquelles se justifient par les circonstances exceptionnelles (guerre, urgence) et par la finalité des activités militaires (intérêt général, intérêts supérieurs de la Nation). Ce mouvement se manifeste également par l’extension des exceptions dont bénéficient les activités militaires, principalement liées à la nature impérieuse des activités militaires de Défense. Il faut toutefois noter une environnementalisation progressive de ces activités, notamment due à la mise en œuvre du concept de développement durable au sein des différentes institutions publiques. Il convient alors de rendre compte juridiquement du passage du « vert kaki » au « vert écologique », qui se manifeste par le développement des activités militaires au service de l’environnement. Un tel passage ne peut faire l’économie d’une phase d’adaptation des activités militaires aux enjeux environnementaux, qui est permise par l’intégration de l’environnement dans la gestion du patrimoine militaire, tant au niveau des infrastructures que de la domanialité militaire. Elle trouve également une consécration dans le développement de la sécurité environnementale du territoire national. Les Armées ne se sont pas contentées d’adapter leurs activités aux enjeux environnementaux, elles en ont fait une nouvelle activité dont le champ s’étend de plus en plus. Ce recyclage de l’Armée est par exemple illustré par l’assistance militaire en cas de catastrophes, ainsi que par l’existence d’activités militaires de protection de l’environnement, liées à la mission de surveillance du territoire. Enfin, l’aboutissement du recyclage de l’Armée pourrait consister en une intervention militaire pour l’environnement de type ingérence écologique, à l’instar de l’ingérence humanitaire. L’ensemble de ces réflexions est l’occasion de relire certaines notions classiques de droit public – telles que l’intérêt général, la souveraineté ou encore l’intégrité du territoire – en tentant de leur apporter une dimension géographique et territoriale. / Military activities obviously have an impact on the environment. From a legal point of view, there is an almost automatic exclusion of military activities from the field of ordinary Law for the protection of the environment. This exclusion arises through the multiplication of the exemptions that are in favor of military activities, and which are justified by the exceptional circumstances (war, emergency) and by the aim of military activities (general interest, best interests of the Nation). Exclusion is also expressed through the extension of the exceptions granted to military activities and which are mainly linked to the imperative nature of Defense activities. It should however be noted that a progressive “greening” of these activities is taking place, driven by the concept of sustainable development within the different public institutions. There has then to be better legal accountability for the transition towards “greener” military activities. This transition must be preceded by a process of adaptation of military activities to environmental issues, through the integration of the latter within military heritage management, both on infrastructural and state-owned military levels. Another consecration of this adaptation is the development of the environmental security of the national territory. Armies have not only adapted their activities to environmental issues, but they also made the protection of the environment as a new field, which is progressively expanding. The first example of this “Army recycling” is the military disaster assistance. The second one is the implementation of environmental military activities, linked to the mission of territory surveillance. Lastly, the outcome of this recycling should consist of a military action for the environment, of ecological intervention type, following the model of humanitarian intervention. These considerations represent an opportunity to review some classical Public Law notions – such as general interest, sovereignty and territorial integrity – with an attempt to bring a geographical dimension into the reflection

Magister Legum - LLM / The International Committee of the Red Cross/Crescent (ICRC) has been the only agency promoting the observance of the law of armed conflict. It has invested considerably in finding solutions to protecting people and regulates the means and methods of warfare. Throughout the development of the law of armed conflict, the protection of the environment was never the centre of focus. From the early 1868 Declaration of Saint Petersburg to the Hague Regulations of 1907, attention was given to weakening the military forces of the enemy and the right of the belligerents not to destroy or seize the enemy’s property, unless such destruction or seizure be imperatively demanded by the necessities of war. Through AP I, the basic principle of IHL was reaffirmed. The concepts of military necessity and proportionality became clearer, permitting only those acts of war which are proportional to the lawful objective of a military operation. Considering the cruelty experienced through the crises that occurred in the RC, it is therefore imperative for the administration to enforce their observation. In the light of the above background the aims of this research paper are to seek to explore the challenges that the current RC administration is facing in implementing IHL and IEL principles. In addition, the research paper will analyse the possibilities to promote the implementation of IHL and IEL instruments within the public domain, mostly the army, to dissipate any ignorance that occur. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has also made it clear that an obligation rests upon states to take environmental considerations into account during armed conflict in so far as these relate to states’ military objectives

Thesis (Master of Military Studies)-Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. / Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Jan 12, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

"A paper submitted to the faculty of the NWC in partial satisfaction of the requirements of the JMO Department." / Title from title screen (viewed June 10, 2008). "February 14, 2005." Faculty advisor: Douglas Hime. "ADA464898"--URL. Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-27).