The system of military service in competent decades of our country, always little people smell , under the pressure of the annual general presidential election of today (93 ), have become the alliance candidate out of office and fought for the letting go of the ballot? . We do not think that so great and complicated a problem should become chips of the election war , do not agree in making the question excessively simple even more. But this piece think naturally decades in the past, even sacred and inviolable system serve the mesa, exactly one best chance overall to deep discussion and analyze their. The cost tries calculating and analyzing the research in accordance with this' enlisting persons for service in the armed forces, sought the military system and changed into a mercenary system, calculate for NT$30,000 in accordance with the monthly firewood of each person while simplifying to 340,000-300,000 people in troops of our country, the annual military spending increases by NT$47,610 million and NT$23,370 million; And by 230,000 of rational scale of troops, then the military spending will be reduced by 16,670 million compared with 2003, only the above is assessed and will not have considered and adjusted the range of the firewood in the future , so the military spending assessed should be low than reality. Another learn in accordance with questionnaire investigation , compatriots reach 60.5% that the effective sample counted to support degree of the mercenary system, it is obvious that it is the expectations of most compatriots to implement the mercenary system. In the will of joining the army , though will consider that will occupy 74.6% that the result sample will be counted , the will is low to reflect the young man of the right battle age level, the main reason has no future and fetters too much. Ministry of National Defense since the 92nd year of the Republic of China , with one year Cheng by a definite date , is it recruit wish battle a soldier to run as an experiment in advance, the demand personnel is 647 person in initial stage , recruit through three times and only get 46% of the personnel¡¦s , namely 349 people. So, according to experiment of enlisting persons for service in the armed forces that our country implements for the first time, our country will implement the mercenary system and really exist difficultly. Any national defense builds up the Army and plans to pay attention to ' the stability of the manpower resource ' , because train a ripe soldier it is difficult, all taking the initiative , the wish that the advantage of enlisting persons for service in the armed forces lies in joining in the youth of the troops, the obeying can relatively bear every request trained strictly with the tolerance standing being trained hard, but the speech of stressing and obeying definitely army, it is really the easy taking and manpower resource with high fighting capacity to enlist persons for service in the armed forces. Restriction on the thing that individual took action copy characteristic of army, this be can't changed, but how to help the battle soldier of the wish to carry on the work or the career after retiring to plan, make the army become inducements , promising trade. So if can to volunteer soldier have appropriate career plan and every monthly pay money raise to more than NT$40,000, shown that the mercenary system of our country certainly will have bright prospects in the future by the statistical data.

President Ma Ying-jeou proposed that the all volunteer force as one of his presidential election campaign view in 2004. He carried out his politics when he took office in 2008. All volunteer force policy will complete and work in 2014. At this moment, the armed forces structure is facing a critical transition phase. There are two major elements that will determine the development and the success of all volunteer force policy. The first one will be the enlists recruitment. But this thesis will focus on the next factor. The willingness of continuing service of active duty officers and non-commissioned officers stays in military for a long-term considerations is more appropriate and practical solution. Therefore, MND expect to achieve the objectives of all volunteer service policy in 2014. The difficulties of conduct the policy are the considerations of skills learning, career development in service, reasonable salary and welfare and competitive power when leave the military. Those are the factors that will affect willingness to stay in the military as wel as the all volunteer service policy still exist problems there. In this study, demand communication is the key element whether the compulsory service soldier transfers to voluntary service or the volunteer service continues service in military. We use Maslow needs factor and Herzberg two-factor factor as the theoretical basis. Using the questionnaires to analyze the willingness to stay in the military, and find out the exist difficulties of implement the al volunteer service. According to the statistics of this study, the demand factor for non-commissioned officers have some degree of influence. In view of this, the military can use the communication skill effectively, it will crate the win-win situation for both the policy implementation and stability of human resources. All volunteer service policy is indeed an important resource of high combat capability. However, the military is willing to communicate through a demand point of view with basic level personnel to understand how to adapt to each other's practices and the concept of emotional commitment, promotes organizational loyalty, unconditional acceptance and even unconditional pay. The all volunteer service system is just around the corner.

Military systems are getting more complex due to the demands of various types of missions, rapidly evolving technologies, and budgetary constraints. In order to support complex military systems, there is a need to develop a new naval logistic asset that can respond to global missions effectively. This development is based on the requirement which must be satisfice-able within the budgetary constraints, address pressing real world needs, and allow designers to innovate. This research is conducted to produce feasible and viable requirements for naval logistic assets in complex military systems. The process to find these requirements has diverse uncertainties about logistics, environment and missions. To understand and address these uncertainties, this research includes instability analysis, operational analysis, sea state analysis and disembarkation analysis. By the adaptive Monte-Carlo simulation with maximum entropy, uncertainties are considered with corresponding probabilistic distribution. From Monte-Carlo simulation, the concept of Probabilistic Logistic Utility (PLU) was created as a measure of logistic ability. To demonstrate the usability of this research, this procedure is applied to a Medium Exploratory Connector (MEC) which is an Office of Naval Research (ONR) innovative naval prototype. Finally, the preliminary design and multi-criteria decision-making method become capable of including requirements considering uncertainties.

Organisationen haben Strukturen und Prozesse, in denen ihre Führungskräfte Self-Monitoring betreiben, um sich möglichst situationsangemessen zu verhalten. Die These: Self-Monitoring kann wissenschaftlich nicht nur als Eigen-schaft von der Person der Führ-ungskraft aus gedacht werden. Es wird die These begründet, dass Self-Monitoring in Führungsprozessen vor allem vom jeweiligen organisationalen Kontext aus bestimmt werden muss. Der Ansatz: In einer qualitativ-explorativen Studie wird das aus der Psychologie kommende Konzept des Self-Monitoring nach Snyder (1986) untersucht. Das Ziel ist die Erkundung der relevanten Einflussfaktoren und Bedingungen von Self-Monitoring bei Führungskräften in der Bundeswehr. Mit dieser Voraussetzung lässt sich ein strategisches und werteorientiertes Kompetenzmanagement gestalten.

Denna studie undersöker möjligheten att påverka fientliga konstruktioner genom användandet av en effektiv metod, som kan medge en liten risk att upptäckas. Den tänkta påverkan uppnås genom fenomenet Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME), med vilken höghållfasta metaller kan påverkas så mycket att de kollapsar av sin egenvikt. Uppsatsen studerar LME på ett ofta använt konstruktionsmaterial både civilt som militärt. Ett experiment genomfördes i syfte att undersöka effekterna av LME på en aluminiumlegering, där en aluminiumdetalj exponerades för metallen gallium. Förförsök genomfördes i syfte att undersöka inom vilka tidsförhållanden LME uppstod och experimentets exponeringstider planerades därefter. Efter varje exponeringstid genomfördes ett dragprov för att påvisa en minskad hållfasthet och seghet hos aluminiumet. Resultatet blev en stor minskning av hållfasthet och seghet, där hållfastheten sänktes till 20% av referensvärdet och segheten till 1% av referensvärdet, även om resultatet var spritt. / The possibility to damage enemy constructions using an efficient method, which might permit a low risk of detection, is studied in this thesis. This damage is based on the phenomena Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) with which high strength metals can be affected so much that they collapse under their own weight. This thesis studies this effect in a material often used for various constructions, both civilian and military. An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of LME on an aluminium alloy by exposing the aluminium to the metal known as gallium. A pre-experiment was made in order to determine how the time of exposure affected the LME-process and time-periods were decided accordingly. At each of the timeperiods a yield test was conducted in order to measure losses in strength and elasticity of the aluminium. It was shown that a great reduction in strength and elasticity occurred, where the strength was reduced to 20% of the reference sample and elasticity to 1% of the reference sample.

軍事制度為廣義政治制度的一種。傳統有關中國政治制度的研究，多將焦點集中於職官制度或是監察制度部分；相形之下，有關軍事制度所受到的注意就遜色許多。事實上，軍事制度對國家整體局勢的影響，遠較一般人想像中來的重要。軍事制度又稱﹁兵制﹂，其制度建構的優劣，嚴重左右一個朝代的興衰；如觀察中國的歷史就可以發現：往往一個朝代的兵制設計良好，則其武功強盛，享國亦較久；相反的，兵制的建構若存有嚴重的缺失，則該朝代很容易積弱不振，這些實例可從唐、宋兩帝國明顯的對比中得到證實。 基本上，若從歷史的發展過程來看，明代衛所制度與其國勢強弱間，亦存有密不可分的關係。早期衛所制度上軌道之際，國力強盛；如太祖的統一天下、成祖的幾次北征等，均有賴其強大的軍力為後盾。而從明正統以後，因軍屯的兼併、私役到軍士的逃跑等緣由，促使衛所制度日益崩解。而在衛所軍士不能用且無法用的情況下，嘉靖中期為應付各地戰亂的需要，開始進行大規模的募兵；此舉對明帝國來說，無疑是一個相當大社會經濟上的負擔。後來，為支應內外戰事所催征的剿餉、練餉及遼餉等，更是促使明帝國覆亡相當重要的關鍵之一。故如欲了解明代由盛轉衰的關鍵，實在必須對明代衛所制度的相關建構，進行更澈底的研究。 原則上，本論文共分九章，其中： 第一章「緒論」，主要探討論文寫作的由來，此外，更說明本論文的研究方法、範圍、限制與主題為何。並藉由相關文獻的檢閱來觀察以往學界對於明代衛所制度的研究概況。 第二章「明代衛所制度的淵源與形成原因」，旨在敘述歷代兵制的概略演變，並且從當中的更迭情形，了解明代衛所制度與前朝兵制的差異，及其參酌歷代兵制而來的成分、要因為何；另外，更從當時時空背景等要素，推敲此一制度的主要形成原因，大約係出於政治、經濟及國防上的諸多考量而來。 第三章「明代衛所的組織」，分成一般衛所組織的設置與京營組織的概況演變兩部分。其中，一般衛所組織分成組織概況、設置情形、地方軍事體制的演變等來論述；京營部分則係以時間區分來做探討。 第四章「明代衛所的職掌」，一般衛所多具有屯田、巡捕、備禦、製造軍器等功能；但因所處地理位置的差異，或是最早設置之目的即有不同，有些衛所在上述職掌外，必須負擔京操、漕運、護陵、邊班或是馬政、草場、營建、採木等任務。而從當時衛所軍士職掌的多樣化，可以發現過重的勤務是後來促使軍士逃亡，乃至於衛所逐漸瓦解的主因之一。 第五章「明代衛所軍士的訓練、裝備與獎懲」，早期衛所軍士的訓練嚴格確實、裝備精良、賞罰嚴明，因此能提供明初統一天下與明成祖對北方數次征戰所須；中期以後，衛所人力淪為私用，裝備不齊、器具敗壞、軍紀喪失，衛所軍幾無戰鬥能力可言；此處從衛所軍士的訓練、裝備、獎懲等方面來觀察，恰好可以得到一鮮明的對照。 第六章「明代衛所制度的社會基礎」，所謂社會基礎，意指以人為根本的各項討論議題，包括衛所的軍士來源、軍籍與軍戶的設計、勾軍與清軍、武官的世襲等。 第七章「明代衛所制度的經濟基礎」，亦即衛所的給養問題，早期衛所設置的目的，很重要的立意在於自給自足，只是隨著軍屯田地的兼併、屯軍私役等，促使衛所軍士的大舉逃亡，軍屯逐漸破壞；而為供應龐大的軍餉支出，於是又有各種補救措施的出現，包括商屯、太倉銀等；只是隨著國家財政支出的日益擴大，後期任何加稅措施，均是飲酖止渴而已；明廷就在內憂外患的雙重夾擊下，最後終於以亡國收場。 第八章「明代衛所與其他政治組織的關係」，明代政治組織約略可分成軍事組織、官僚組織、監察組織與宦官組織四大部分；衛所為廣義政治組織之一，自然會與前述四大部分有所關連，本章主要即在探討衛所與這四大組織的互動情形。 第九章「結論-明代衛所制度的作用、毀壞及其影響」，衛所制度的作用較早顯然具有軍事及經濟上的重大功用，然至中期以後，竟慢慢淪為政府力役的供應場所；其中的變化除因制度本身的設計盲點外，更因社會及經濟等層面因素影響而漸趨毀壞；而明代的國勢則是跟衛所制度間，存在不可分割的關連性。本章重點即是針對衛所制度的功過作一總評。