Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

Economic demands for milk and meat products force farmers to increase the carbohydrate content of grains fed to animals. One of the consequences of this intervention is the lactic acidosis condition in animals fed the high-concentrate diets, which is the accumulation of lactic acid in the rumen. Symptoms of the condition include lameness, bloatedness, epistaxis and dilated pupils. Methods such as ionophore antibiotics, gradual transition from high to low-concentrate diets and yeast cultures have in the past been used to avert this condition but all had their disadvantages. Microorganisms may develop resistance to the ionophore antibiotics; gradual transition time may be too long for production and yeast cultures have been reported to be ineffective when used alone. Megasphaera elsdenii, a major lactate utiliser of the rumen of animals, has been used as a direct-fed microbial in the management of lactic acid levels. Studies on M. elsdenii NCIMB 41125 have shown that the bacterium is an effective lactic acid utiliser. Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 was cultured in a Biostat Braun B fermenter where growth yields were attempted to be optimised by using a pulse-and-shift method. A semi-defined lactate (SDL) and corn steep liquor (CSL) media, which contained reducing agents, to ensure anaerobiosis, were used in the optimisation and shelf-life studies. Culture stability studies were performed on samples from a fermenter, and subsequently in stainless-steel kegs. Samples for analysis were then taken from the kegs. Preservation of M. elsdenii NCIMB 41125 and prevention of cell settlement methods were also evaluated using a combination of sodium lactate / glycerol and pure xanthan gum / gelatin, respectively. The cultures were harvested using either continuous or fed-batch fermentations. Shelf-life was better for cultures grown on SDL medium with a lower concentration of lactic acid, a finding which related to the substrate affinity of M. elsdenii NCIMB 41125. Higher growth yields were obtained from secondary cultures which had been continuously harvested into stainless-steel kegs. Shelf-life results obtained from the use of corn steep liquor (CSL) medium were almost similar to those obtained when SDL medium was used, however, the problem with CSL data was the variability between batches. None of the preservation or prevention of cell settlement methods resulted in positive responses, although pure xanthan gum preserved cultures for the six days evaluated. In order to avert a sudden reduction of viable cells when high concentrations of lactic acid are used, it could be necessary to harvest cells during the secondary growth phase. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo relacionado ao preceito bíblico Não cozerás o cabrito no leite de sua mãe, descrito em Êxodo 23.19; 34.26 e Deuteronômio 14.21, numa perspectiva teológica, cultural e nutricional. A pesquisa se orienta pelo padrão metodológico praticado pela Faculdade EST e pelos seus orientadores de pesquisa. O primeiro capítulo procura, sucintamente, situar o texto em seus contextos literários, submetendo-os a uma análise histórica, social, geográfica e literária. Ele se ocupa também com o estudo do texto através da sua tradução, análise literária e redacional. Apresenta opiniões a respeito da proibição, baseadas em estudos científicos e antropológicos de renomados teólogos. O segundo capítulo trata da origem, evolução, literatura e cultura judaica, procurando apresentar as leis dietéticas, além das orientações relacionadas à mistura de carne e leite, das técnicas de preparação de alimentos kasher/puros. E, por fim, o terceiro capítulo se reporta a estudos científicos relacionados à ciência da nutrição, com ênfase nos nutrientes da carne e do leite. Conceitua nutrição humana como ciência, relaciona religião e alimento, vivência e sobrevivência e normas alimentares. E conclui com resultados de pesquisas relacionadas à interação alimentar existente entre os nutrientes da carne e do leite. / This paper presents a study related to the Biblical precept You shall not boil a kid in its mothers milk. described in Exodus 23:19; 34:26 and in Deuteronomy 14:21 in a theological, cultural and nutritional perspective. The research is guided by a methodological pattern practiced by the Faculdades EST and by its research orientators. The first chapter succinctly seeks to situate the texts in their literary contexts submitting them to an historical, social, geographical and literary analysis. It also occupies itself with the study of the text through its translation, literary and redactional analysis. It presents opinions with respect to the prohibition, based on scientific and anthropological studies of renowned theologians. The second chapter deals with the Jewish origin, evolution, literature and culture, seeking to present the dietary laws, beyond the orientations regarding the mixture of meat and milk, the techniques of preparing kasher/pure foods. And, finally, the third chapter deals with the scientific studies related to the science of nutrition with emphasis on the nutrients of meat and milk. Human nutrition is conceived as science, relating religion and food, living and surviving and eating rules. And it concludes with results of research related to the food interaction that exists between the nutrients of meat and milk.