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Thesis (M.A.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (June 26, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Ag. Sc.)--University of Adelaide, 1985. / Some ill. mounted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 179-185).

Bibliography: pages 128-138. / This study focuses on the mating dynamics of South African forest millipedes Centrobolus (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Pachybolidae). The main objectives were to investigate the two most common mechanisms of sexual selection, sperm competition and cryptic female choice. The approach was to (1) quantify sexual dimorphism and find the selection pressures operating on the sexes, (2) determine the functional significance of male and female genitalia, (3) understand why there should be a conflict of sexual interests in prolonged copulations, and (4) resolve the mechanisms of sperm competition and cryptic female choice by comparing male mating strategies and sperm precedence to female mating strategies and sperm usage. All hypotheses tested in this thesis are centered on whether there is a conflict of interests between the sexes.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. / This is the first report comparing the inducible humoral immune responses of' two long-lived arthropods. Inducible humoral immune responses were detected in two arthropods namely, the scorpion Opisthopthalmus latitnanus (Arachnida) and the millipede Triaetiostreptus triodus (Diploooda: Spirostreptidae). These anti-bacterial activities were elicited by "ve gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. A dramatic hemocytopenia was demonstrated in both the millipede and scorpion after experimental infection, suggesting the possible release of a hemocyte depletion factor. The anti-bacterial humoral responses of the millipede and the scorpion were similar in magnitude to those that have been reported for a large variety of short-lived insects. I also provide further characterisation of the anti-bacterial defence proteirus) of the Kalana n millipede. My results suggest that the humoral immune response of arthopods may have a long and conserved phylogeny. / Andrew Chakane 2019

On certain islands in the Seychelles archipelago a large and abundant animal is the Seychelles giant millipede, Seychelleptus seychellamm (Desjardins, 1834). This study quantifies the ecological role of this species in litter breakdown on Cousine Island, Seychelles. Observations on various ecological aspects and surface behaviour of this millipede were also made. The population of the Seychelles giant millipede on Cousine Island consists mostly of mature females, with few mature males and immatures. Apparent millipede density was higher at night (i.e. 4.44 ind.m⁻²) than during the day (i.e. 0.19 ind.m⁻²). Millipede biomass was 1.95 tons.ha¯¹. Millipedes were observed feeding on eight food types, with the most common food types being leaf litter and fallen fruit. Predation and scavenging on the Seychelles giant millipede was rarely seen, with only a total of 18 observations being made. The giant ghost crab was the only predator observed killing a millipede. The most common scavenger on dead millipedes was the Seychelles magpie robin. Mean litter ingested by the Seychelles giant millipede was 157 ± 28.1 mg.day¯¹ (n = 45) and mean faecal production was 111 ± 12.8 mg.day¯¹ (n = 45). On Cousine Island, the Seychelles giant millipede consumed daily, approximately 4.6 % of the total litter standing crop and approximately 17.2 % of the daily litter fall. Daily faecal production by the Seychelles giant millipede on Cousine Island was equivalent to approximately 2.9 % of the litter standing crop and to approximately 11.0 % of the daily litter fall. The implications of these results for nutrient dynamics and soil fertility on Cousine Island are discussed. Seven types of surface behaviour were observed being performed by the millipede. More behavioural types were observed at night than during the day, with burrowing and grooming being exclusively nocturnal behaviours. The most commonly observed behaviours were walking and feeding. Movement was more evident in the males and immatures, whilst feeding was more apparent in the females. Less behavioural types were observed in areas of low vegetational heterogeneity and complexity. Vegetation disturbance also had an inhibitory effect on millipede behaviour. Possible explanations for these differences in behaviour are discussed. The implications of these results for the conservation of the Seychelles giant millipede and Cousine Island are also discussed. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.

Some ill. mounted. Bibliography: leaves 179-185.

Thesis (M.S.)--East Tennessee State University, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-36). Also available via Internet. Adobe Acrobat .pdf file, requires Adobe Acrobat Reader software.

Orientadora: Carmem Silvia Fontanetti Christofoletti / Coorientadora: Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli / Banca: Elaine Cristina Mathias da Silva Zacarin / Banca: Thaisa Cristina Roat / Resumo: Os diplópodos configuram-se como organismos do solo ecologicamente importantes, mas também como espécies economicamente ameaçadoras em áreas rurais e urbanas quando ocorrem explosões populacionais; assim tais organismos configuram-se ora como alvo ora como vítima da ação de agroquímicos. Nesse sentido, alguns inseticidas, tal como a deltametrina, têm sido aplicados com o intuito de controlar a invasão de diplópodos nas residências. Tal inseticida é genericamente caracterizado por ter ação no sistema nervoso, no entanto, os efeitos deste sobre diplópodos ainda não foram analisados. Adicionalmente, existem poucos estudos sobre a morfologia e estrutura do sistema nervoso de diplópodos. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho objetivou primeiramente elucidar a anatomia e morfologia do sistema nervoso da espécie Gymnostreptus olivaceus por meio da observação durante a dissecção em estereomicroscópio e de análise histológica, histoquímica e citoquímica. Observou-se que o sistema nervoso dessa espécie é composto por um cérebro e um cordão nervoso, envolvidos por perineuro, lamela neural e mais externamente por um envoltório celular externo que foi descrito pela primeira vez em Diplopoda. Foram descritos os detalhes histológicos observados em cada estrutura que compõe o sistema nervoso da espécie. Além disso, uma formulação comercial do inseticida deltametrina foi aplicada com o intuito de avaliar a efetividade da utilização popular de tal inseticida no combate a infestações de diplópodos. Para a observação de efeitos neurotóxicos causados pelo inseticida foi utilizada a marcação de sinapsina avaliada por microscopia confocal. Foram aplicadas topicamente em indivíduos da espécie G. olivaceus, quatro concentrações de deltametrina; a menor concentração baseou-se nas recomendações do fabricante para o combate de outros artrópodes, enquanto as demais concentrações corresponderam a um quinto da DL50... / Abstract: Diplopods are ecologically important soil organisms that may also act as economically damaging species in urban and rural areas when their populations undergo outbreaks. They are, therefore, sometimes targetedfor agrochemicals action. Thus, some insecticides (e.g., deltamethrin) have been applied in order to control diplopods home invasions and crop attacks. Deltamethrin is characterized by its action on the nervous system; however, its effects on diplopods have yet to be analyzed. Additionally, there are few studies on the morphology and structure of the nervous system of diplopods. The present study aimed to elucidate the anatomy and morphology of the nervous system of the species Gymnostreptus olivaceus through direct observation during dissection under a stereomicroscope and by histological, histochemical, and cytochemical analyses. It was observed that the nervous system of the species consists of a brain and ventral nerve cord that are both wrapped by a perineurium, a neural lamella, and, more externally, by an external cell sheath that was first described in Diplopoda. Histological details were described for each of this species' nervous system structures. Furthermore, a commercial formulation of deltamethrin was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the popular use of this insecticide to combat diplopods infestations. In order to observe neurotoxic effects caused by the insecticide, a synapsin labeling was used and assessed by confocal microscopy. Four concentrations of deltamethrin were applied topically to G. olivaceus individuals; the lowest concentration was based on the manufacturer's recommendations for controlling other arthropods, while the other concentrations correspond to one fifth of the LD50 previously established for the species, the LD50 itself, and twice the LD50. Death numbers were evaluated and synapsin levels were assessed in the brain at 12, 24 and 48 hours after insecticide treatment. The insecticide was... / Mestre

The aim of the study was to describe and compare the communities of soil invertebrates esp. millipedes and centipedes at selected localities in the Březník area, the Šumava National Park. The work pursues the two approaches to the management of the mountain spruce forests which were affected by bark beetle and where their remediation has been applied or they have been left to the spontaneous development. Non-intervention management has a positive impact on the populations of millipedes and centipedes comparing to the assemblages of other soil invertebrates. In the case two types of management, they are no significant differences in the composition of soil macrofauna in both studied variants.