This study evaluated the nutritional and antioxidant properties of Sesamum indicum, Cucumeropsis edulis and Cucurbita pepo seeds by determining proximate composition and mineral composition by atomic absorption spectroscopy and antioxidant assays. C. pepo had the highest protein (28.31%), S. indicum had the highest fat (52.53%) and C. edulis had the highest fiber content (6.23%), and highest total antioxidant capacity (199.75 mg AAE g−1 dry weight of ethanol extract). Magnesium, potassium, iron, calcium, sodium and zinc were the most abundant mineral elements present in these seeds.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / The objective of this study was to determine mineral body composition and net requirements of macro and microminerals for growth of Brazilian Somalis lambs. Were used forty-eight lambs, non-castrated, with an average initial body weight (BW) of 13.47Â1.76 kg and about 50 days old. Eight animals were slaughtered at the start of the trial, as a reference group, in order to estimate the initial empty body weight (EBW) and body composition. The remaining animals were randomly divided into five treatments consisted of different energy levels (1.18, 2.07, 2.25, 2.42 and 2.69 Mcal/kg DM),with eight replications per treatment. The macromineral body composition ranged from 6.45 to 6.34 g of Ca/kg EBW, 4.32 to 3.60 g of P/kg EBW, 0.20 to 0.19 g Mg/kg EBW, 1.12 to 1.05 g g Na/kg EBW, and 1.74 to 1.43 g K/kg EBW in Somalis Brasileira lambs with BW that ranged from 15 to 30 kg. The maintenance requirements were 52.50 mg Ca, 27.59 mg P, 1.26 mg Mg, 4.12 mg Na and 7.44 mg K/kg BW. The net macromineral requirements ranged from 5.22 to 5.13 g Ca; 2.77 to 2.31 g P; 0.16 to 0.15 g Mg; 0.86 to 0.81 g Na and 1.10 to 0.90 g K/kg BW for animals with BW ranging from 15 to 30 kg. The micromineral body composition ranged from 20.19 to 16.82 mg Zn/kg EBW, 56.23 to 48.12 mg Fe/kg EBW, 1.20 to 0.99 mg Mn/kg EBW and 1.31 to 1.03 mg Cu/kg EBW in Somalis Brasileira lambs with BW that ranged from 15 to 30 kg. The maintenance requirements were 0.133 mg Zn, 0.271 mg Fe, 0.003 mg Mn and 0.015 mg Cu/kg BW. The net micromineral requirements ranged from 12.97 to 10.80 mg Zn; 37.65 to 32.22 mg Fe; 0.76 to 0.63 mg Mn and 0.77 to 0.60 mg Cu/kg BW for animals with BW ranging from 15 to 30 kg. / Objetivou-se com o presente estudo estimar a composiÃÃo corporal e as exigÃncias de macro e microminerais de cordeiros da raÃa SomÃlis Brasileira em crescimento. Foram utilizados quarenta e oito cordeiros, nÃo-castrados, com peso corporal (PC) inicial mÃdio de 13,47Â1,76 kg e aproximadamente de 50 dias de idade. Oito animais foram abatidos no inÃcio do experimento para serem utilizados como grupo referÃncia, com o objetivo de estimar o peso de corpo vazio inicial (PCVZ) e composiÃÃo corporal inicial. Os animais remanescentes foram alocados em delineamento em blocos casualizados com dois blocos e cinco tratamentos, que consistiram de diferentes nÃveis de energia metabolizÃvel (1,18; 2,07; 2,25; 2,42 e 2,69 Mcal/kg MS), com oito repetiÃÃes por tratamento. A composiÃÃo corporal de macrominerais variou de 6,45 a 6,34 g de Ca; 4,32 a 3,60 g de P; 0,20 a 0,19 g de Mg; 1,12 a 1,05 g de Na e 1,74 a 1,43 g de K/kg de PCVZ, para animais com 15 a 30 kg de PC. As exigÃncias lÃquidas de mantenÃa foram 52,50 mg de Ca; 27,59 mg de P; 1,26 mg de Mg; 4,12 mg de Na e 7,44 mg de K/kg de PC. As exigÃncias lÃquidas de ganho variaram de 5,22 a 5,13 g de Ca; 2,77 a 2,31 g de P; 0,16 a 0,15 g de Mg; 0,86 a 0,81 g de Na e 1,10 a 0,90 g de K/kg de ganho de PC para animais com 15 a 30 kg de PC. A composiÃÃo corporal de microminerais variou de 20,19 a 16,82 mg de Zn; 56,23 a 48,12 mg de Fe;1,20 a 0,99 mg de Mn; 1,31 a 1,03 mg de Cu/kg de PCVZ, para animais com 15 a 30 kg de PC. As exigÃncias lÃquidas de mantenÃa foram de 0,133 mg de Zn; 0,271 mg de Fe; 0,003 mg de Mn e 0,015 mg de Cu/kg de PC. As exigÃncias lÃquidas de ganho variaram de 12,97 a 10,80 mg de Zn; 37,65 a 32,22 mg de Fe; 0,76 a 0,63 mg de Mn e 0,77 a 0,60 mg de Cu/kg de ganho de PC para animais com 15 a 30 kg de PC.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第23580号 / 農博第2479号 / 新制||農||1088(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R3||N5364(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 舟川 晋也, 教授 北山 兼弘, 准教授 渡邉 哲弘 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-09-08T11:56:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 543622 bytes, checksum: a8389cb01fb27d90497ec67721c5a143 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-08T11:56:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 543622 bytes, checksum: a8389cb01fb27d90497ec67721c5a143 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The goat milk is a food matrix of high nutritional value, low allergenic power when compared to cow's milk and is more digestible and easily accessible. Currently, the goat has been growing, especially in semi-arid regions where these animals adapt to the climatic conditions. The cariri region of Paraíba is a semi-arid climate of the region where the creation model is extensive, with small herds and smallholdings, often being the main source of household income. In this region, the herds are predominantly animals mongrel and/or crossbred animals, the composition of minerals is still poorly understood. This study aimed to compare the different methodologies used in the determination of minerals in undefined breed goats (SRD) resulting from crossing with purebred animals reared in the semi-arid northeast of Brazil. The milks were collected from SRD goats resulting from the crossing of the purest lineage breeds, quote: Saanen, Toggenburg and Parda + Toggenburg belonging to three producers in a dairy cooperative in the town of Monteiro/PB. For comparison, milk samples were subjected to the determination of calcium, iron, phosphorus and sodium by traditional techniques (titration and spectrophotometric methods) and more advanced techniques (ICP-OES and EDX-RF). We observed the influence of the dominant phenotype to undefined breed goats in the concentration of most minerals analyzed, especially when using ICP-OES technique. Difference between methods used for most mineral studied in each type of milk, whose detected values were higher when used traditional techniques, except for the sodium. Furthermore, the RF-EDX technique may be singled out as an analytical alternative to obtain quantitative data for iron and phosphorus in goat milk. Although they were used conventional methods for the quantification of mineral elements such as titration and spectrophotometric, the values found for minerals were similar to those reported by research using instrumental methods and, therefore, greater sensitivity and accuracy. This data shows the possibility of using simpler methods, as an alternative to detect these minerals, especially in the absence of the availability of more sophisticated equipment and not always as accessible in food quality control laboratories. / O leite caprino constitui uma matriz alimentar de alto valor nutricional, com baixo poder alergênico quando comparado ao leite de vaca, sendo mais digestível e de fácil aquisição. Atualmente, a caprinocultura vem crescendo, principalmente em regiões semiáridas, onde estes animais se adaptam às condições climáticas. O cariri paraibano constitui uma região de clima semiárido, onde o modelo de criação é extensivo, com pequenos rebanhos e pequenas propriedades, muitas vezes sendo a principal fonte de renda das famílias. Nesta região, os rebanhos são predominantemente de animais sem raça definida e/ou de animais mestiços, cuja composição de minerais do leite, ainda é pouco esclarecida. Neste estudo, objetivou-se comparar diferentes metodologias utilizadas na determinação de minerais em leite caprino de animais sem raça definida (SRD) resultantes de cruzamento com animais de raças puras, criados no semiárido nordestino do Brasil. Os leites foram coletados de cabras SRD resultantes do cruzamento de raças de linhagem mais pura, a citar: Saanen, Parda + Toggenburg e Toggenburg, pertencentes a três produtores de uma cooperativa leiteira na cidade de Monteiro/PB. Para efeito de comparação, as amostras de leite foram submetidas à determinação de cálcio, ferro, fósforo e sódio por técnicas tradicionais (métodos titulométricos e espectrofotométricos) e por técnicas mais avançadas (ICP-OES e EDX-RF). Observou-se a influência do fenótipo dominante para o animal sem raça definida na concentração da maioria dos elementos minerais analisados, principalmente quando se utilizou a técnica de ICP-OES. Houve diferença entre os métodos utilizados para maioria dos minerais estudados em cada tipo de leite, cujos valores detectados foram superiores quando se utilizaram as técnicas tradicionais, exceto para o sódio. Ademais, a técnica de EDX-RF pode ser apontada como uma alternativa analítica para obtenção de dados quantitativos para ferro e fósforo em leite de cabra. Apesar de terem sido utilizados métodos convencionais para a quantificação dos elementos minerais, como os titulométricos e espectrofotométricos, os valores encontrados para os minerais se assemelharam aos encontrados por pesquisas que utilizaram métodos instrumentais e, portanto, de maior sensibilidade e exatidão. Esse dado mostra a possibilidade da utilização de metodologias mais simples, como uma alternativa na detecção destes minerais, principalmente na falta da disponibilidade de equipamentos mais sofisticados e nem sempre tão acessíveis em laboratórios de controle de qualidade de alimentos.

African elephants are ‘keystone’ species with respect to biodiversity conservation in Africa since they maintain habitats that support several animal communities by changing vegetation structure through foraging and by dispersing seeds between landscapes. Elephants are also ‘flagship’ species because, given their impressive size, they can make people sympathetic and stimulate local and international concerns for their protection. Economically, elephants contribute to national revenues as tourists are willing to pay to watch them. Despite all these factors, little is known however about elephant movement and how they utilize resources, especially in miombo-wetland ecosystems. This thesis investigates how elephants utilize resources in a miombo-wetland ecosystem in the Ugalla landscape of Western Tanzania over different protected areas containing different resource users. Using Global Positioning System (GPS) collars fitted to six elephants, it was observed that some elephant families are not confined in one protected area in the Ugalla landscape. Rather, they moved readily between different protected areas. Elephant movements were restricted to areas near the rivers, especially the Ugalla River, during the dry season and were dispersed widely during the wet season. As they move, elephants in the miombo woodlands of Ugalla selected the most abundant woody plants for browsing. Common to many woody plants, the browsed plants were short of mineral nutrients (e.g., sodium, calcium). Elephants obtained additional minerals by eating soils from certain termite mounds. Soils from termite mounds are richer in mineral elements (e.g., sodium, calcium, iron) compared to soils from the surrounding flood plain or compared to the browsed plants. However, the recorded termite mounds from which elephants eat soils were not evenly distributed in the landscape but confined mainly to the flood plains in the Ugalla Game Reserve. The Ugalla River, which is the main source of water for the elephants and other animals and also supports fishing activities by the local people in Ugalla during the dry seasons, is infested by the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Such infestation potentially limits access to these precious surface water supplies. In addition at the regional level, the Ugalla River is among the major rivers that flow into the Lake Tanganyika which is shared by the countries of Tanzania, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia. Thus, the spread of water hyacinth if left unchecked threatens to impact Lake Tanganyika, affecting many countries and ecosystem services. This thesis highlights that sustainable conservation of biodiversity in different protected areas in the Ugalla landscape requires an integrated management approach that will embrace conservation of different interrelated landscape resources required by both wildlife and the rural poor populations for their livelihoods. Regular coordinated wildlife anti-poaching patrols should be initiated across the entire Ugalla landscape because the elephants, among other wildlife, utilize different protected areas in Ugalla. Local communities should also be engaged in conservation initiatives (e.g., controlling the spread of the water hyacinth) as these directly impact local livelihoods. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p> / INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT