Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:38:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIOMALINOSKI.pdf: 1967487 bytes, checksum: a8c89b1d9584a90151895d2cdcb1b6d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-07 / This work presents the compilation and analysis of several analytical data obtained in the characterization of shale fine and lime schist, two abundant residuals in the Petrosix process. In order to ensure better representativeness of results, samples of lime schist extracted from complete vertical cuts of the layer were analyzed, and indirect analysis procedure was adopted for the shale fine residual, which basically consists of the characterization of samples obtained from complete vertical sections of superior and inferior shale layers in the Mine Rio das Pedras pit, within the Irati formation, in São Mateus do Sul PR. Analytical results obtained though Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) revealed that the lime schist layer presents mass predominance of the elements: Calcium, Silicon and Magnesium, and that this predominance, as indicated by the X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), is due to the significant presence of Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) and Quartz (SiO2), and that the great reduction of mass after the Fixed Mineral Residue analysis is mainly related to CO2 elimination, in the dolomite thermal decomposition process. In the shale fine characterization, analytical results obtained through ICP-AES demonstrated that superior and inferior shale layers presented mass predominance of the elements silicon and iron, and this predominance, as indicated by the XRD is mainly due to the presence of Quartz (SiO2) and Pyrite (FeS2), and that the mass reduction after Fixed Mineral Residue analysis is related to the elimination of organic matter and the Pyrite thermal decomposition, with the former as the most relevant factor. Shale layers also presented Albite, Microcline and Muscovite, particle density similar values, crude oil with chromatographic profile of relative elevation in mass between the Heptane and Undecane peaks, uniform distribution between Dodecane and Octacosane peaks, decreasing distribution between the Nonacosane and C72 peaks, with normal spare paraffins in an unresolved complex organic mixture. These results indicate that the fine shale residue has a composition that oscillates between the narrow parameters of superior and inferior shale. / Neste trabalho apresentamos a compilação e a análise de diversos dados analíticos obtidos na caracterização do Finos de Xisto e do Calcário de Xisto, dois resíduos abundantes do processo Petrosix. Para garantir maior representatividade de resultados, analisam s amostras de Calcário de Xisto extraídas de cortes verticais completos da camada, e adotamos um procedimento de análise indireta para o resíduo denominado Finos de Xisto, que consiste basicamente na caracterização de amostras obtidas de secções verticais completas das camadas de Xisto Superior e Xisto Inferior das cavas da Mina Rio das Pedras, dentro da Formação Irati, na cidade de São Mateus do Sul – PR. Os resultados analíticos obtidos por Espectrometria de Emissão Atômica por Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (EEA-PIA) demonstraram que a camada denominada Calcário de Xisto apresenta predomínio mássico dos elementos: Cálcio, Silício e Magnésio, que este predomínio, conforme indicado na análise de Difração de Raios X (DRX), deve-se a presença expressiva de Dolomita (CaMg(CO3)2) e Quartzo (SiO2), e que a grande redução de massa após a análise de Resíduos Minerais Fixos está relacionada principalmente a eliminação de CO2, no processo de decomposição térmica da Dolomita. Na caracterização do Finos de Xisto, os resultados analíticos obtidos por EEA-PIA demonstraram que as camadas de Xisto Superior e Xisto Inferior apresentam predomínio mássico dos elementos Silício e Ferro, que este predomínio, conforme indicado na análise de DRX, deve-se em grande parte a presença de Quartzo (SiO2) e Pirita (FeS2), que a redução de massa após a análise de Resíduos Minerais Fixos está relacionada a eliminação da matéria orgânica e a decomposição térmica da Pirita, sendo o primeiro fator muito mais relevante. As camadas de Xisto também apresentaram Albita, Microclínio e Muscovita, valores semelhantes de massa específica de partículas, óleo bruto com perfil cromatográfico de relativa elevação em massa entre os picos de Heptano e Undecano, distribuição uniforme entre os picos de Dodecano e Octacosano, distribuição decrescente entre os picos de Nonacosano e C72, com normais parafinas sobressalentes numa mistura orgânica complexa não resolvida. Estes resultados indicam que o resíduo Finos de Xisto tem composição oscilante entre os estreitos parâmetros do Xisto Superior e do Xisto Inferior.

Le dragage de sédiments marins produit des millions de tonnes de déchets chaque année qu’il faut gérer durablement. Les deux sédiments étudiés, conservés dans des conditions anoxiques sous eau (sédiment brut), et oxiques soumis à l’altération naturelle (sédiment vieilli), présentent une contamination élevée en cuivre, plomb et zinc prépondérante surtout dans les fractions fines. Des phases réactives ont été identifiées telles que sulfures et matière organique, auxquelles le cuivre et le zinc sont en grande partie liés. Un dispositif expérimental innovant couplant un test de consommation d’oxygène à une colonne de lixiviation a été développé ; il a permis de mettre en évidence la réactivité des sulfures encore présent dans le sédiment vieilli malgré les conditions de stockage à l’air ambiant. La composante biologique a été étudiée également, à travers un test qualitatif mesurant l’impact des bactéries sulfo- et ferrooxydantes sur les paramètres pH et Eh des sédiments. Malgré l’importante concentration en carbonates conférant un pouvoir de neutralisation élevé, la communauté des bactéries neutrophiles sulfooxydantes a été capable d’abaisser le pH jusqu’à 4,5 – 5 unités. Cette réactivité a été contrôlée en soumettant les sédiments à un traitement de stabilisation-solidification avec des liants hydrauliques. L’évaluation environnementale par des tests cinétiques en mini-cellules d’altération et des tests de lixiviation en monolithe a démontré la bonne stabilisation des éléments métalliques pour les deux sédiments. Leur valorisation en mortiers cimentés a donc été envisagée. L’étude de la résistance mécanique de la substitution du sable par les sédiments entiers a montré la mauvaise résistance mécanique. En revanche, après application d’un traitement d’enlèvement de la fraction fine contaminée, la résistance s’est montrée satisfaisante pour des applications non-structurantes et constitue ainsi une filière de traitement et de valorisation pertinente dans la gestion de sédiments. / Millions of tons of sediments are dredged every year leading to a need for a sustainable management. Both studied sediments, stored in anoxic conditions under a layer of water (raw sediment), and in oxic conditions submitted to natural weathering (weathered sediment), showed high contamination of copper, lead and zinc, concentrated mainly in the finer fraction. Reactive phases such as sulfides and organic matter were observed, with which copper and zinc are partially linked. An innovative experimental set-up coupling an oxygen-consumption test with a column leaching test has been developed; this set-up highlighted the sulfides reactivity which is still occurring in the weathered sediment, despite years of natural aging. The biological component of this reactivity has been also studied, through a qualitative assessment of the impact of iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria on pH and Eh of sediments. Although high amount of carbonates responsible for important neutralization potential were detected, bacterial community of neutrophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria has been able to lower the pH until 4.5 – 5 units. This reactivity is controlled by submitting both sediments to a stabilization/solidification treatment with hydraulic binders. Environmental assessment with kinetic test in weathering cells and monolithic leaching test demonstrated that trace metals appear well stabilized for both sediments. Thus, their valorization in cemented mortars has been assessed. When total sediments were fully substituted to sand, they showed poor mechanical strength. However, when a sieving treatment for removing of the fine contaminated fraction was applied, the sediments mortars revealed good mechanical strength for use in non-structural applications. This research confirmed thus that the reuse of the coarser fraction of a marine sediment, raw or weathered, offered an efficient and interesting way of treatment and valorization.