Magister Scientiae - MSc / The Morokweng impact structure which is located in the North West province of South Africa, has attracted attention as a potential host for Ni-PGE mineralization. Geochemical exploration techniques using hydroxylamine partial extraction were used to determine the nature and source of surface geochemical anomalies known to occur in the overlying aeolian sang regolith. About 40 aeolian samples were taken from an area of about 35 square kilometer, located in the north eastern sector of the Morokweng impact structure. The samples were sieved to various grain size fractions and partially extracted using varying concentration of hydroxylamine hydrochloride at 50° / South Africa

Department of Mining and Environmental Geology / MESMEG

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science (Geology), for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy,University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,1979 / This study is concerned with the geological history and porphyry- type copper molybdenum of the southeastern Richtersveld Province, in southern South West Africa. An area of approximately 300 km2 centred on the Haib copper prospect, was mapped at a scale of 1:10 000 and subsequently reduced. Observations of facies changes, textural changes, structural and other geological features were recorded and processed. Field work was followed by petrological and geochemical investigations. [Abbreviated Abstract. Open document to view full version] / WS2017

A research article submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration Johannesburg, 2018 / This research study focused on identifying the gap between the expectations of mining companies and communities in relation to development and social responsibility. This qualitative research study focused on trying to understand the alignment or misalignment of the different stakeholder’s expectations. This study was relevant; first, given the recent community unrest in the mining communities; and second, because of the Department of Mineral Resources’ (DMR) focus on community development around the mining towns, with particular emphasis on mines being expected to uplift the communities around the mines. Identifying the gap between their respective expectations would be beneficial for both the communities as well as the mining companies. The benefit to the communities would come in the form of relevant development and assistance being given to the communities. Another benefit would be to the mining companies who face community unrest, yet do not understand the communities’ needs. The research methodology was qualitative; data was collected through interviews with Pilanesburg Platinum Mines (PPM) mine management, questionnaires distributed to community leaders, community influencers and ordinary community members, and semi-structured interviews with activists and mine representatives of other mines. This allowed the identification of further stakeholders that were not in the original proposal. The ordinary community members, randomly selected to understand grassroots expectations, implied that the decisions made by community leaders were not necessarily representative of the community’s needs. The study found that some of the expectations from community leaders were different to those of the activists. Community leaders expected mines to focus on building schools, hospitals, and roads, developing skills, and giving business opportunities to community members, while activists were more concerned about environmental issues, land degradation, pollution of water and air, as well as rehabilitation of the land after the mine had used it. Similarly, the study identified that the government, represented by the DMR, expected the mines to develop the communities, as stipulated in the mines’ SLPs. The mine representatives of other mines experienced unrest in their communities similar to that which was happening at PPM. PPM management, on the other hand, felt that community leaders should have a clear understanding of business processes so as to avoid production disruptions caused by community unrest. Management were of the opinion that proper structures in the community should be formed and used to address issues with the mines. It is clear from the study that the communication between the different stakeholders can assist in closing the gap between the communities’ and mines’ expectations. This in turn would prevent community unrest and subsequent road closures, and enable the mines to operate profitably, and offer employment and development opportunities to the community. Recommendations for each stakeholder group are made in this regard. This research article is inclusive of the requirements of The Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (SAIMM) / MT 2019

Die für Sachsen bedeutsamen Rohstoffgruppen Festgesteine, Sande und Kiese, Lehme, Tone und Kaoline, Braunkohle und Erdwärme sowie Erze und Spate werden anschaulich und übersichtlich beschrieben. Informiert wird auch über die Entstehung der Rohstoffvorkommen sowie deren Lage, Reichweite und Bedeutung. Die Beschreibung der Rohstoffarten und ihrer Verwendungsmöglichkeiten ist mit zahlreichen Fotos illustriert. Einer Übersichtskarte ist zu entnehmen, wo heute in Sachsen welche Bodenschätze verfügbar sind.

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No / The management and incorporation of ethnic identities in Pakistan has historically been far more problematic in Balochistan than other provinces and regions. With the killing in 2006 of Akbar Bugti, a leading political figure who was the head of the Bugti tribe and served as federal minister, chief minister and Governor of Balochistan, the province became politically polarised and has descended into a new cycle of bombings, abductions and murders. The rebellion has resulted in a major security operation pitting the security forces against the Baloch people, attacks against Punjabi settlers and sectarian violence against Hazara Shias that collectively threaten to derail major development projects and increase instability in Pakistan as a whole at a critical juncture. This article examines the insurgency in Balochistan and evaluates various perspectives that have been used to explain the present crisis: external intervention, resistance to social change, resource driven conflict theory, transnationalism and diaspora, and failure to manage difference. After examining the evidence it concludes by arguing that the primary cause for the insurgency in Pakistan is due to poor management of difference.

The Goose Creek area in parts of Roanoke, Botetourt, and Bedford counties, Virginia, comprises about 170 square miles of complexly folded and faulted Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks of the Blue Ridge and Great Valley physiographic provinces. The Precambrian rocks are divided into three different types of gneisses on the basis of their textures. These are unconformably overlain by Cambrian rocks of the Unicoi formation, Hampton shale, Erwin quartzite, Rome formation, Bilbrook dolomite, and Conococheague formation. The total thickness of the Precambrian gneisses is about 7,500 feet and that of Cambrian formation is 10,000 feet. The Ordovician Bffna and Fetzer limestones are about 30 feet thick and the Liberty Hall and Martinaburg shales are about 800 feet thick. Silurian-Lower Devonian rocks represented by the Clinch, Clinton, and Helderberg formations are 15 (?) to 300 feet thick. Additional unclassified shales are of Devonian age. Locally Quaternary deposits of colluvium, older terrace gravels, and alluvium cover all of the above. One of the major structural features of the area is the nearly flat Blue Ridge thrust which extends across most of the area. The Blue Ridge thrust plate is breached by Goose Creek in the southeast -part of the area. The displacement of the thrust is at least six miles. The Precambrian rocks of the Blue Ridge fault block are believed to be the core of a large overturned northeasterly-trending anticlinorium. Many similar northeasterly-trending folds, which are mostly open or only slightly overturned to the northwest, are found in the frontal part of the Blue Ridge thrust plate and in the underlying rocks. A few northwesterly-trending cross folds were developed in rocks both above and below the thrust and were formed contemporaneously or slightly later than the faulting. Another major structure, probably the Pulaski thrust fault, is shown in a window cut by the Salem (?) fault at Coyner Mountain. If the correlation of the Pulaski fault is correct then the minimum displacement must bell miles. Many smaller faults and folds also indicate strong compressive forces in a northwest-southeast direction. The cross folds are believed to have been developed by differential northwesterly movement of the fault blocks. The differential movements are believed to have resulted from deflection around buttresses in the Appalachian Valley, although there is a possibility that the deforming force shifted to a more westerly direction. The Blue Ridge province is represented by resistant parts of the uneroded Blue Ridge thrust block. The Great Valley province in the northwest part of the area is underlain by soft shales and carbonate rocks and has encroached on the edge of the Blue Ridge thrust plate. Southwestward-flowing Glade Creek and its main drainage area is similar to the Great Valley in physiography and type of bedrock. It extends northeast into a breached area of the Blue Ridge thrust where its headwaters are captured by southeast-flowing Goose Creek. The geologic history of the Goose Creek area can be summarized as follows: (1) deposition of Late(?) Precambrian sediments; (2) folding and faulting of the Precambrian rocks accompanied by metamorphism, granitization, and intrusion that probably occurred during or prior to a sub-Cambrian orogeny which may have produced the configuration of the Appalachian geosyncline; (3) cannibalism during earliest Cambrian time, supplying the lowest Cambrian elastic sediments; (4) deepening of the Appalachian geosyncline to receive the thick carbonate sediment from Lower Cambrian to Middle Ordovician; (5) resumption of cannibalism on the elevated lands to the southeast from Middle Ordovician to Lower Mississippian time, supplying younger clastic sediments; (6) folding and faulting of the Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks during the Appalachian orogeny; (7) peneplanation of the newborn Appalachian at the summit level of the Blue Ridge mountains in Tertiary(?) time; and (8) intermittent uplifting, trenching,and tilting of the peneplain and other ero~ion surfaces from Tertiary(?) to the present. The mineral resources include limestone, dolomite, iron and shale. Once productive low-grade iron deposits are now no longer profitable. The ground water supply is plentiful and a potential asset for industry. The beat aquifers are the unconsolidated deposits and some of the carbonate rocks of the Elbrook and Rome formations. / Ph. D.

The determination of mine design variables such as mine shaft locations, mine field dimensions, mine design capacity, and mine service life under various mining conditions is of primary importance to the economics of developing and subsequently operating an underground coal mine. However, the problem has received little academic attention in the United States. Solutions to the problem tend to be subjective and based upon personal experience and managerial judgment rather than objective and based upon some quantitative criteria. The purpose of this research was to conduct a quantitative study on the problem of evaluating these mine design variables and to develop a mathematical modeling approach that permits a quantitative determination of the design variables and facilitates the analysis of effects of input parameters such as seam an gle, seam thickness, seam depth, underground traveling speed of men, mine recovery, plant recovery, average productivity~ and interest rate on the size of underground coal mine operations and the unit cost of coal. In formulating the problem, relationships among mining costs, main shafts location, section production per shift, number of production sections in mines, mine output, and mine field dimensions were analyzed. Thereby, the unit cost of coal was expressed as a function of mine field dimensions, mine design ca pacity, and mine service life. The problem was then formulated as a nonlinear optimization model in terms of minimizing the unit cost of coal subject to certain constraints, and solved analytically for flat seams and numerically for inclined seams. Possible extensions of the formulation were also discussed. The methodology developed in the research was intended to be an important step toward the increased application of quantitative methods in designing underground coal mines. The results obtained from the study are expected to serve as useful aids in establishing logical mining units (LMU) or dividing a deposit into blocks for development, locating mine shafts within a mine field, planning annual mine production rates, and projecting the lifetime of an underground coal mine. / Ph. D.