Grain quality in chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) is a major factor affecting its consumption for human nutrition and health benefits. Some of the major factors affecting chickpea grain quality are: seed weight, size, colour, protein, starch and amylose concentration, and amylopectin structure. The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine variation, repeatability and genotype by environment interaction on thousand seed weight, starch, amylose and protein concentration of chickpea cultivars adapted to western Canada; 2) assess variations in global chickpea germplasm for thousand seed weight, seed size, protein, starch and amylose concentrations; and 3) characterize the desi and kabuli type chickpea for starch concentration, composition, and amylopectin structure to study their effect on starch enzymatic hydrolysis. Limited variation was observed in seed composition of chickpea cultivars adapted to the western Canadian prairies. Significant genotype by environment interaction occurred for starch, amylose, and protein (except for kabuli) concentrations, seed yield and thousand seed weight indicating that testing over a wide range of environments is needed to identify genotypes for grain quality improvement. Repeatability of starch, amylose, and protein concentrations was low and inconsistent across chickpea market classes. Broad sense heritability was higher than repeatability across all traits for all market classes implying that repeatability estimates do not set upper limits to heritability if significant genotype by environment interaction is present. The negative relationship between seed constituents and yield indicates that selection for chickpea cultivars with desired seed composition may require compromise with yield and indirect selection. All the mini core accessions that had above average seed diameter score in both desi and kabuli also had above average score for thousand seed weight. Selecting mini core with promising intrinsic and extrinsic quality characteristics may reduce yield. Slowly digestible starch was negatively correlated with hydrolysis index in both pure starch and meal starch of desi and kabuli. Amylose had a strong relationship with resistant starch but not with rate of starch hydrolysis. Genotypes with a significantly higher rate of starch hydrolysis had significantly lower 60-80 µm starch granule size volume. Amylopectin B2 chains were related to slowly digestible starch of meal (except kabuli) and extracted starch. Resistant starch positively correlated with B1 fraction of amylopectin chain length in both desi and kabuli meal starch. Our results suggest that there is no major difference between starch composition in the two chickpea market classes, although only three genotypes of each class were tested. The meal components affect the starch hydrolytic properties and the effect is genotype specific. The results also show that amylopectin structure influences starch hydrolytic properties. These observations emphasize that complete characterization of seed components is needed to obtain meaningful results regarding the desired nutritional and health benefits attributed to any grain.

Grain quality in chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) is a major factor affecting its consumption for human nutrition and health benefits. Some of the major factors affecting chickpea grain quality are: seed weight, size, colour, protein, starch and amylose concentration, and amylopectin structure. The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine variation, repeatability and genotype by environment interaction on thousand seed weight, starch, amylose and protein concentration of chickpea cultivars adapted to western Canada; 2) assess variations in global chickpea germplasm for thousand seed weight, seed size, protein, starch and amylose concentrations; and 3) characterize the desi and kabuli type chickpea for starch concentration, composition, and amylopectin structure to study their effect on starch enzymatic hydrolysis. Limited variation was observed in seed composition of chickpea cultivars adapted to the western Canadian prairies. Significant genotype by environment interaction occurred for starch, amylose, and protein (except for kabuli) concentrations, seed yield and thousand seed weight indicating that testing over a wide range of environments is needed to identify genotypes for grain quality improvement. Repeatability of starch, amylose, and protein concentrations was low and inconsistent across chickpea market classes. Broad sense heritability was higher than repeatability across all traits for all market classes implying that repeatability estimates do not set upper limits to heritability if significant genotype by environment interaction is present. The negative relationship between seed constituents and yield indicates that selection for chickpea cultivars with desired seed composition may require compromise with yield and indirect selection. All the mini core accessions that had above average seed diameter score in both desi and kabuli also had above average score for thousand seed weight. Selecting mini core with promising intrinsic and extrinsic quality characteristics may reduce yield. Slowly digestible starch was negatively correlated with hydrolysis index in both pure starch and meal starch of desi and kabuli. Amylose had a strong relationship with resistant starch but not with rate of starch hydrolysis. Genotypes with a significantly higher rate of starch hydrolysis had significantly lower 60-80 µm starch granule size volume. Amylopectin B2 chains were related to slowly digestible starch of meal (except kabuli) and extracted starch. Resistant starch positively correlated with B1 fraction of amylopectin chain length in both desi and kabuli meal starch. Our results suggest that there is no major difference between starch composition in the two chickpea market classes, although only three genotypes of each class were tested. The meal components affect the starch hydrolytic properties and the effect is genotype specific. The results also show that amylopectin structure influences starch hydrolytic properties. These observations emphasize that complete characterization of seed components is needed to obtain meaningful results regarding the desired nutritional and health benefits attributed to any grain.

Kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) leder till ökat energibehov, relaterat till ökat andningsarbete och brister i näringsintag är vanligt hos patienter med KOL. Näringsmässigt stöd för patienter med KOL, som lider av nutritionsproblem, är en viktig del av omvårdnaden vid KOL. Syftet var att beskriva och jämföra nutritionsstatus, lungfunktion och boendesituation hos patienter med KOL inom primärvård. Studien har en beskrivande och komparativ design och genomfördes som en tvärsnittsstudie. Urval och datainsamling baserades på en tidigare studie och studiegruppen innehöll 81 deltagare. För att bedöma nutritionsstatus användes bedömningsinstrumentet Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Resultatet visade att de inkluderade patienterna med KOL, som var ensamboende, bedömdes ha sämre nutritionsstatus än de icke ensamboende. Jämförelsen mellan lungfunktion och nutritionsstatus visade inget signifikant samband. De inkluderade kvinnorna bedömdes ha sämre nutritionsstatus än männen. Sjuksköterskans uppgift är att i ett tidigt skede identifiera patienter med risk för undernäring. Det bör finnas en medvetenhet om att kvinnliga och ensamboende patienter med KOL kan löpa en ökad risk att få nutritionsproblem. Inom primärvård bör patienter med KOL erbjudas information och stöd för individuellt anpassad egenvård, för att hjälpa dem att undvika nutritionsproblem.

The polymer-clay nanocomposites, when applied as coating materials, are expected to improve the barrier properties without sacrificing mechanical and thermal properties, and thus solve one of the most challenging problems existing in current food and beverage packaging using paper barrier coating. Furthermore, a stable polymer composite suspension in an aqueous form has many other advantages such as better environmental concern, easier manipulation and better energy saving. However, the research in this area is quite limited in the literature. In this research, a stable water-based suspension of polymer-encapsulated nanoclay composite has been successfully synthesized. The polymer nanocomposites, which encapsulate the exfoliated and well-dispersed nanoclay inside the polymer matrix, can dramatically improve almost all the aspects of mechanical properties and thermal stability in comparison with that of pure polystyrene (PS) and polystyrene butyl acrylate (PSBA) films. The particle size of nanoclay and the surface modification method are two important factors for emulsion stability, the encapsulation and intercalation (or exfoliated) degree of nanoclay. Furthermore, the impact of nanoclay on miniemulsion kinetics has been extensively investigated and the results show the hindrance of nanoclay on styrene miniemulsion polymerization kinetics.

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High technology industries have stringent on clean room environment. Traditional ballroom type clean room can¡¦t meet the requirement in many cases. The uni-directional laminar ballroom type cleanroom is can¡¦t fulfill such requirement. The adoption of Mini-Environment technology is becoming the mainstream of the environment control technology for high technology industries process. It is the goal of this project to simulate and design the air flow pattern, in using the current injection machine as a model, to achieve the cleanliness of class 1,000 ¡V 10,000. There are four major steps in achieving this goal, Namely: 1¡BThe dynamic 3D CFD simulation of the flow pattern of the clean bench. 2¡BThe evaluation of the pollution source and its impact on the overall cleanliness 3¡BThe basic design of the class 1,000 cleanroom for this machine 4¡BThe modification necessary to achieve this goal through design iterations. The results of this research are useful in the understanding of the flow characteristics in a mini-environment. The buffer zone of laminar flow was found to be effective to avoid cross contamination with the outside environment during door opening. The height of the processing opening of the mini-environment is found to be an important factor on the flow turbulent intensity and particle concentration. Concentration due to an operator can also be reduced by this buffer zone. The numerical techniques developed can also be used as numerical models in future studied.

Taiwan is a small island and there are more than 90% of the ex/import trade of the country is dominated by the shipping transportation. The shipping transportation is very important to the existence and development of the country. Taiwan and China being an official member of WTO since from the year 2002, the coastal shipping transportation between Taiwan and China is still very busy and even if more frequent than before. The direct navigation between Taiwan and China ports is still strict prohibited by the Taiwan government. All the ships must be direct sailing for the third port such as Hong Kong, Ishigaki Jima, Busan for only port clearance purpose after sailed from China or Taiwan ports, vice versa. The exact effect of the mini three links between China and Taiwan is quite limited, when the major three links will come true is still unclear under the political issue across the Taiwan Strait so far. Taiwan shipping industry is encountering some challenges or obstacles in the current circumstance regarding how to penetrate or break through the existing barriers to be successfully survived in the market or develop their business connection in China those are either coming from Taiwan government or China administration being installed to the Taiwan shipping forwarders. Shipping industry is including the ship owners¡Bshipping agents¡Bfreight forwarders (NVOCC). This study will explore the result of the Taiwan shipping industry can better utilize the company¡¦s core competence to smooth run the business in Taiwan and develop its connection in mainland China. Will use Hansen Group as an individual case by using the company¡¦s strategy of its several different stream business divisions to ¡§think global, act locally¡¨, standing in Taiwan¡Bgo to China and take the world.

The frequent use of two or more closely positioned vessels during offshore operations makes the study of multi-body hydrodynamics an important topic, especially for the design of deepwater offshore systems. This research investigation studies the response behavior of a coupled mini-TLP / barge system in both head and beam sea conditions. The design sea conditions were selected to represent the combined wind, wave and current conditions for a target location off the coast of West Africa. Both the mini-TLP and the barge were designed to have independent mooring systems. Coupling between the two vessels is introduced through a connection consisting of two breast lines and a fender system. This connection is designed to restrain the horizontal movements of the two vessels while keeping a constant distance between them and avoiding collisions. The main focus of this study is to analyze the experimental data obtained during the model testing, especially the motions of the two bodies and the values related to the fender system, in order to characterize the behavior of the uncoupled and coupled system configurations. A statistical approach is used for the data analysis and interpretation. Statistical parameters are used to provide an overall characterization of system behavior, and Gaussian and Weibull distribution functions are utilized to detect the importance of non-linearity in the data with particular attention to extreme values. Correlations between the two vessels in time domain and frequency domain are investigated. In addition, auto and cross spectrum analyses of the data are used to contrast the motion behavior of the uncoupled and coupled configurations. It is shown that the connection system reduces the horizontal vessel motions; however the forces exerted on the fender system show significant variation depending on sea heading conditions.

本論文提出數個線性規劃模型建立成長基金的投資組合。目標函數皆以目標規劃方式呈現。第一個模型採用追蹤與成長差距最小的原則。第二個模型改採用大中取小原則。第三個模型則考慮時間因素對於投資組合的影響，修正第一個模型加入時間參數。最後以台灣上市股票市場作為實證分析對象，探討三組模型之表現。 / This thesis presents three linear programming models for selection of the growth portfolio based on historical data. The objective functions of these models are described by goal programming. The first model employs the principle of minimizing the deviation of the value-increasing index. The second model employs the mini-max principle. The third model is derived from the first model and includes the timing effect of historical data during construction of portfolio. The computational results and performance are illustrated by modeling with realistic data from the Taiwan stock market.

Darbe pateikiama informacija apie mini parkus ir jų projektavimą. Pateikiamas mini parko apibrėžimas, jų charakteringi bruožai. Pateikiama mini parko kūrimo, Telšių mieste, koncepcija ir projektiniai pasiūlymai. / This work object is to create a pocket park in Telsiai city project. Work objectives: Gather information about pocket parks, to analyze and summarize. Present pocket park definition. Present the pocket park's concept and design concepts.