The current study explores the rates of valid and invalid MMPI-2 protocols across testing conditions, as well as the test taker's preference for each format and the amount of time spent responding to the items. Participants were 203 undergraduate students (90 men and 113 women) from a Midwestern university. Participants completed either a CC or P&P version of the MMPI-2 along with a supplemental survey to assess for participants' testing format preference. Overall, results suggest that while testing format did not affect the number of valid MMPI-2 protocols produced, the CC version was rated more favorably by participants and took significantly less time to complete. / Department of Psychological Science

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were significant differences between Black and white students on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory in an integrated university, and to determine if these differences are consistent with findings in past research. In this study, socio-economic status, which has been suspected as the cause for racial variability, was statistically controlled.

The study is an attempt to measure psychopathic tendencies in the girl who becomes pregnant out of wedlock compared with the average non-pregnant college co-ed. This characteristic, when evidenced in a subject's personality, may be reflected in a High T score on the Pd scale of the 1MPI.

The MMPI is used as a diagnostic tool in clinical settings. However, its length is a detriment. Various attempts have been made to develop shortened versions of the standard MMPI. One of the widely used short forms is Kincannon's Mini-Mult, but its validity scales are less accurate than the full MMPI. Dean's Midi-Mult is a more recent short form of the MMPI designed to approximate more closely the scores on the validity scales and clinical scales of the standard MMPI.

This work offers two strategies to raise the prediction accuracy of Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Models. The first strategy is to improve the Minnesota prior, which is frequently used for Bayesian VAR models. The improvement is achieved in two ways. First, the variance-covariance matrix of regression disturbances is treated as unknown and random to incorporate parameter uncertainty. Second, the prior variance-covariance matrix of regression coefficients is constructed as a function of the variance-covariance matrix of disturbances, in order to account for dependencies between different equations. Since different prior specifications unavoidably lead to different models, and forecasting capability of any such model is often limited, the second strategy is to build an optimal prediction pool of models by using the conventional log predictive score function. The effectiveness of the proposed strategies is examined for one-step-ahead, multi-4-step-ahead, and single-4-step-ahead predictions through two exercises. One exercise is predicting national output, inflation, and interest rate in the United States, and the other is predicting state tax revenue and personal income in Iowa. The empirical results indicate that a properly selected prior can improve the prediction performance of a BVAR model, and that a real-time optimal prediction pool can outperform a single best constituent model alone.

Rivers create beautiful patterns and provide drinking water to millions. However an alarming number of rivers in the US and globally are threatened by excess sediment and nutrients. Agricultural rivers draining erodible soils are particularly vulnerable. Rivers of southern Minnesota provide a unique opportunity to study water and sediment dynamics in a naturally vulnerable system. Sediment reduction strategies are needed to ensure biological integrity and adequate water quality. Here, I address the questions: 1) have climate, land use practices, or both affected streamflows in Midwest agricultural rivers?, 2) which streamflows set the rate of river bluff erosion?, and 3) how do sediment supply and transport influence the form and behavior of the lower Minnesota River? Chapter 2 demonstrates, in three agricultural basins, that artificial drainage practices have decreased soil moisture, contributing to increases in streamflow. Chapter 3 quantifies river bluff erosion and identifies erosion by streamflows as the dominant erosion process. Erosion by common floods accomplishes the most cumulative bluff erosion. Bluff erosion contributes sediment to the Minnesota River. Chapter 4 shows how this coarse sediment influences the form and behavior of the Minnesota River. Therefore if flows were reduced, bluff erosion would slow, and the supply sediment to the Minnesota would slow, leading to less streambank erosion. Since streamflows have been increased by agricultural drainage practices, water retention solutions are needed to reduce high flows.

Net-impressed and horizontally corded pottery was first documented in southern Manitoba in the 1950s by Chris Vickers and Richard S. MacNeish. At that time, the net-impressed pottery was labeled Rock Lake net-impressed, while the horizontally corded pottery was labeled as Avery Corded ware. These two wares assigned to certain foci belonging to the original Manitoba chronology. The net-impressed pottery found in southwestern Manitoba, was included with the Rock Lake focus, a cultural manifestation created by Vickers, and subsequently built upon by MacNeish. In the southeastern portion of the province, MacNeish encountered similar net-impressed pottery but assigned it to the cultural manifestation known as the Nutimik focus, a designation later deemed unfounded. Horizontally corded pottery, although labeled, was never assigned to a cultural entity.<p>Alternatively, in Minnesota, net-impressed and horizontally corded pottery have been assigned to the Elk Lake culture and are known as Brainerd ware. This cultural manifestation has a long duration in the state, beginning ca. 3500 B.P. and lasting until approximately ca. A.D. 400, when the origins of the Avonlea horizon begin to appear.<p>This thesis re-examines the work of Vickers and MacNeish, in particular the Avery, United Church, Lockport and Cemetery Point sites, where net-impressed and horizontally corded pottery have been recovered. It is illustrated that there are strong similarities between the two styles of pottery found in southern Manitoba and Minnesota. These similarities include both metric and non-metric traits. As well, four types of Brainerd ware are identified: (1) net-impressed; (2) horizontally corded; (3) parallel-grooved; and (4) plain. These kinds of pottery become important when examining ware from the Avonlea horizon, particularly in regards to the presence of net-impressed, parallel-grooved, and plain pottery. The work of Vickers and MacNeish was incredibly important to the development of a culture history for southern Manitoba, their work and that of subsequent researchers, such as Joyes (1969, 1970) needs to be re-examined.

This research investigated the relationships between reference group choice and job satisfaction, and explored womens definitions of career success. Women working in traditional and non-traditional occupations (N = 52) in a mid-sized university in Western Canada participated in personal interviews. The results revealed that significantly more women compared themselves to others when assessing their job satisfaction than those who did not. No significant differences emerged when comparing levels of satisfaction of women in non-traditional occupations with male reference groups and women in traditional occupations with female reference groups. Similarly, no significant differences in levels of satisfaction emerged between women in non-traditional occupations with female reference groups and women in traditional occupations with female reference groups. However, low power may have accounted for the non-significant findings. Other factors, such as job characteristics, that may be influencing levels of job satisfaction are discussed. Content analysis of womens definitions of career success suggested that women in each type of occupations used similar subjective criteria when defining career success, with the two most frequent coded criteria being happy with work and achieving their goals. Organizational implications of the findings are discussed, including possible factors influencing womens levels of satisfaction, and the development of reward systems reflective of the interests of all employees. Future directions for research are proposed, such as continued investigation of the concept of similar comparison others for women, and womens perceptions of the importance of social comparisons in assessing levels of job satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to determine if certain mean T scores on the MMPI would vary significantly for careerists in National Guard Units when compared to typical non-clinical scores. It was also an attempt to observe differences between certain MMPI scales to determine whether further study of these scales as gross predictors of candidates more likely to succeed in a military environment appears appropriate.Eleven scales of the MMPI were selected for this purpose and this study attempted to evaluate the scales which might be used. Among the scales studied were: L (Lie); 3 (Conversion Hysteria); 4 (Psychopathic Deviate); 5 (Masculinity-Femininity); Es (Ego Strength); Re (Social Responsibility); A (Conscious Anxiety); and Dy (Dependency). Three directional hypotheses were developed: (1) careerists, in general, will score lower on the 3, 4, 5 (males only), 8, A and Dy scales while they will score higher on the L, 5 (females only) 9, Es Re and Cn than will a typical non-clinical population. (2) Certain personality characteristics, measured by the MMPI, have a significant correlation to the proclivity of an individual to enter and continue in part- or full-time military service. (3) The identified scales can then be considered for further study to determine the feasibility of their use in a screening program to predict success or failure of enlistees as reported by their intention to remain in service upon completion of their initial enlistment obligation.Participants were volunteers from Indiana National Guard Units in both rural and urban areas. Each participant was provided a copy of the self-administered MMPI and requested to complete it in accordance with the written instructions. In addition, they were provided an informed consent form containing a written explanation of the purpose for their participation and delineating the scope of the study.To analyze the data an analysis of variance was used which demonstrated significant differences between male and female careerists and their "civilian" counterparts on seven of the 11 scales, supporting the first hypothesis. After completing correlation matrices for the eleven scales and an analysis of variance, using age as the covariate for the respondents, the data were reviewed. This revealed that, for the limited female population seven of the 11 scales supported the third hypothesis but only three scales were found significant for males suggesting the need for further study to clarify this disparity.

This research investigated the relationships between reference group choice and job satisfaction, and explored womens definitions of career success. Women working in traditional and non-traditional occupations (N = 52) in a mid-sized university in Western Canada participated in personal interviews. The results revealed that significantly more women compared themselves to others when assessing their job satisfaction than those who did not. No significant differences emerged when comparing levels of satisfaction of women in non-traditional occupations with male reference groups and women in traditional occupations with female reference groups. Similarly, no significant differences in levels of satisfaction emerged between women in non-traditional occupations with female reference groups and women in traditional occupations with female reference groups. However, low power may have accounted for the non-significant findings. Other factors, such as job characteristics, that may be influencing levels of job satisfaction are discussed. Content analysis of womens definitions of career success suggested that women in each type of occupations used similar subjective criteria when defining career success, with the two most frequent coded criteria being happy with work and achieving their goals. Organizational implications of the findings are discussed, including possible factors influencing womens levels of satisfaction, and the development of reward systems reflective of the interests of all employees. Future directions for research are proposed, such as continued investigation of the concept of similar comparison others for women, and womens perceptions of the importance of social comparisons in assessing levels of job satisfaction.