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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeito de dietas hiperlipídicas sobre mitocôndrias de fígado de camundongos: bioenergética, transporte de K+ e estudo redox / Effect of a high fat diet on mitochondria: bioenergetics, K+ transport and redox state

Cardoso, Ariel Rodrigues 16 April 2009 (has links)
A obesidade está relacionada com uma grande variedade de disfunções, tais como as dislipidemias, resistência à insulina e diabetes tipo II. Estas patologias estão relacionadas com alterações da fisiologia mitocondrial. As mitocôndrias são o principal sítio do metabolismo oxidativo e são importantes fontes de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Alberici et al. (2006) mostraram que a atividade de canais de potássio sensíveis a ATP mitocondriais (mitoKATP), via dissipativa branda, estava aumentada em fígados de animais hipertrigliceridêmicos transgênicos. Este dado sugere um papel adaptativo importante para o mitoKATP como regulador do metabolismo e da massa corpórea. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o papel deste canal em fígados de camundongos submetidos a uma dieta hiperlipídica, obtida por meio de suplementação de óleo de soja à única fonte de água dos animais. Foram estabelecidas correlações entre a atividade do canal e parâmetros da fisiologia mitocondrial ou parâmetros sorológicos clássicos como colesterolemia e trigliceridemia. Sendo realizados experimentos de espalhamento de luz, quantificação de peróxido de hidrogênio, potencial de membrana e consumo de oxigênio em mitocôndrias. Nossos resultados mostram aumento de massa corpórea sem dislipidemias e aumento da atividade do mitoKATP, dependente do tempo da suplementação, diretamente correlacionada com a colesterolemia. Nossos resultados apontam aumento da geração de EROs e diminuição da eficiência de conversão energética no grupo suplementado. Como conclusão: manipulações de dieta são eficazes para a indução da atividade do mitoKATP, sendo este um novo e interessante sítio de regulação do metabolismo oxidativo e da massa corpórea. / Obesity is associated with multiple dysfunctions including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes. These malfunctions are associated with modifications in mitochondrial physiology. Furthermore, mitochondria are the most important site of energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species production. Alberici et al. (2006) demonstrated that hypertriglyceridemic transgenic mice display increased expression ad activity of mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP), a mild uncoupling pathway, in liver. This suggests that mitoKATP is an important adaptation to regulate body mass and metabolism. The aim of this work is to investigate the role of mitoKATP in a high fat diet induced by soy oil supplementation, correlating changes in channel activity with metabolic and mitochondrial parameters. Mitochondria were isolated from mouse livers and serological parameters were measured for each animal. Light scattering (to estimate mitoKATP activity), hydrogen peroxide generation, membrane potentials and oxygen consumption were measured in the mitochondrial suspensions. Our results indicate an increase in body mass, without dyslipidemia; and increases in mitoKATP activity, in time-dependent manner, directly correlated to cholesterol levels. In addition, we found increases in ROS generation and decreased capacity of energy conversion (ADP/O) in the high fat diet group. In conclusion, our results indicate that the activity of mitoKATP could be induced by high fat diets and that this is an novel site for metabolic and body mass control.
2

Efeito de dietas hiperlipídicas sobre mitocôndrias de fígado de camundongos: bioenergética, transporte de K+ e estudo redox / Effect of a high fat diet on mitochondria: bioenergetics, K+ transport and redox state

Ariel Rodrigues Cardoso 16 April 2009 (has links)
A obesidade está relacionada com uma grande variedade de disfunções, tais como as dislipidemias, resistência à insulina e diabetes tipo II. Estas patologias estão relacionadas com alterações da fisiologia mitocondrial. As mitocôndrias são o principal sítio do metabolismo oxidativo e são importantes fontes de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Alberici et al. (2006) mostraram que a atividade de canais de potássio sensíveis a ATP mitocondriais (mitoKATP), via dissipativa branda, estava aumentada em fígados de animais hipertrigliceridêmicos transgênicos. Este dado sugere um papel adaptativo importante para o mitoKATP como regulador do metabolismo e da massa corpórea. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o papel deste canal em fígados de camundongos submetidos a uma dieta hiperlipídica, obtida por meio de suplementação de óleo de soja à única fonte de água dos animais. Foram estabelecidas correlações entre a atividade do canal e parâmetros da fisiologia mitocondrial ou parâmetros sorológicos clássicos como colesterolemia e trigliceridemia. Sendo realizados experimentos de espalhamento de luz, quantificação de peróxido de hidrogênio, potencial de membrana e consumo de oxigênio em mitocôndrias. Nossos resultados mostram aumento de massa corpórea sem dislipidemias e aumento da atividade do mitoKATP, dependente do tempo da suplementação, diretamente correlacionada com a colesterolemia. Nossos resultados apontam aumento da geração de EROs e diminuição da eficiência de conversão energética no grupo suplementado. Como conclusão: manipulações de dieta são eficazes para a indução da atividade do mitoKATP, sendo este um novo e interessante sítio de regulação do metabolismo oxidativo e da massa corpórea. / Obesity is associated with multiple dysfunctions including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes. These malfunctions are associated with modifications in mitochondrial physiology. Furthermore, mitochondria are the most important site of energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species production. Alberici et al. (2006) demonstrated that hypertriglyceridemic transgenic mice display increased expression ad activity of mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP), a mild uncoupling pathway, in liver. This suggests that mitoKATP is an important adaptation to regulate body mass and metabolism. The aim of this work is to investigate the role of mitoKATP in a high fat diet induced by soy oil supplementation, correlating changes in channel activity with metabolic and mitochondrial parameters. Mitochondria were isolated from mouse livers and serological parameters were measured for each animal. Light scattering (to estimate mitoKATP activity), hydrogen peroxide generation, membrane potentials and oxygen consumption were measured in the mitochondrial suspensions. Our results indicate an increase in body mass, without dyslipidemia; and increases in mitoKATP activity, in time-dependent manner, directly correlated to cholesterol levels. In addition, we found increases in ROS generation and decreased capacity of energy conversion (ADP/O) in the high fat diet group. In conclusion, our results indicate that the activity of mitoKATP could be induced by high fat diets and that this is an novel site for metabolic and body mass control.
3

Etude de la signalisation intracellulaire de la cardioprotection vis-à-vis des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion : implication de GSK-3β, de la voie WNT et de la voie mTOR

Vigneron, François 15 December 2010 (has links)
L’infarctus du myocarde, problème majeur de santé publique, est caractérisé par une nécrose cardiomyocytaire. Des séries d’occlusions-reperfusions courtes, réalisées avant l’ischémie (Préconditionnement (PréC) ischémique) ou au moment de la reperfusion (Postconditionnement (PostC) ischémique), protègent le coeur contre des lésions d’ischémie-reperfusion (IR). Les mécanismes intracellulaires impliqués restent obscurs. Nous avons étudié la signalisation intracellulaire du PréC et du PostC, et la cardioprotection qui en découle, sur un modèle de coeur isolé perfusé de souris. Le PréC ischémique peut être mimé par une activation directe du canal potassique mitochondrial ATP dépendant (mitoKATP), entraînant la mise en place d’une boucle d’auto-amplification incluant l’activation d’Akt, l’inhibition de GSK-3β et l’ouverture du mitoKATP. Cette réponse est liée à la production modérée d’espèces dérivées de l’oxygène par le mitoKATP et aboutie à une cardioprotection. La voie de développement Wnt est capable de moduler le PréC via GSK-3β. La voie de survie mTOR, cible de GSK-3β est aussi impliquée et pourrait induire des modifications traductionnelles lors de la réponse adaptative à l’IR. Le PostC ischémique peut également être mimé par activation directe du mitoKATP lors de la reperfusion, engendrant une protection du coeur et la mise en place d’une boucle d’auto-amplification similaire à celle du PréC, comprenant Akt, GSK-3β et le mitoKATP. Le PostC est dépendant de GSK-3β, mais contrairement au PréC, il n’impliquerait pas les voies Wnt et mTOR. Cette étude est la première démontrant que le PréC implique les voies de survie mTOR et de développement Wnt avec un rôle central de GSK-3β. / Myocardial infarction is a major problem of public health, whose prognosis is related to the extent of the infarcted territory. Transient episodes of ischemia/reperfusion before ischemia (ischemic PreConditioning (PreC)), or at the onset of reperfusion (ischemic PostConditioning (PostC)) confer myocardium resistance to lethal ischemia. However the exact mechanism of PreC and PostC remains obscure. Our objectives were to examine signaling events during PreC and PostC and their effects on cardioprotection in an isolated mouse heart model. We provide evidence that pharmacological PreC by direct activation of mitoKATP, like ischemic PreC, involve an amplification loop involving ROS production and resulting in a sustained down-regulation of GSK-3β via Akt activation and a constant opening of mitoKATP. The mTOR pathway is a target of this loop and participates to cardioprotection. Disruption of Wnt pathway by sFRP1 modulates this loop inducing GSK-3β activation. This is the first evidence that PreC involves both a pro-survival mTOR pathway and an embryonic developmental Wnt pathway targeting GSK-3β. During ischemic and pharmacological PostC, the same amplification loop is activated, including Akt, GSK-3β and the mitoKATP. Unlike PreC, PostC did not induce the mTOR survival pathway: neither phosphorylation of mTOR nor of its targets p70S6K and 4E-BP1 were observed. However, cardiac overexpression of a Wnt antagonist, impairing PreC through GSK3-β, was unable to abolish cardioprotection afforded by PostC. PostC signaling differs from the preC pathway. Despite these discrepancies, GSK-3β plays a key role in both types of cardioprotection.

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