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Plastic Dissipation Energy in Mixed-Mode Fatigue Crack Growth on Ductile Bimaterial InterfacesDaily, Jeremy S. January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
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Effect of a Graded Layer on the Plastic Dissipation During Mixed-Mode Fatigue Crack Growth on Plastically Mismatched InterfacesBaudendistel, Craig M. 09 September 2008 (has links)
No description available.
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Small area, low power, mixed-mode circuits for hybrid neural network applicationsFang, Xuefeng January 1994 (has links)
No description available.
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An Evaluation of the Durability of Polymer Concrete Bonds to Aluminum Bridge DecksZhang, Huiying 04 May 1999 (has links)
The objective of this study is to evaluate the bond durability of an epoxy-based polymer concrete wearing surface bonded to aluminum bridge decks. In the bridge design, an aluminum alloy bridge deck is used with a polymer concrete wearing surface. A modified mixed mode flexure fracture test was developed to assess the bond durability of specimens aged in the following environmental conditionings: 30°C [86°F], 98% RH; 45°C [113°F], 98% RH; 60°C [140°F], 98% RH; freezing and thawing; salt (NaCl) water soak; and 60°C [140°F], dry. The exposure times varied from none to twelve months. The critical strain energy release rate (Gc) of the bond was determined using a compliance technique. In spite of considerable scatter in the data, the results suggested that the interfacial bond toughness had been degraded by exposure conditions. The aging appeared to affect the polymer concrete overlay (silica aggregates/epoxy bond) as well. Fracture analysis and finite element modeling were completed for linear elastic behavior. Analytical and numerical solutions were in reasonably good agreement. Characterization of the bridge components and failure specimens were accomplished using analytical measurements including thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Techniques employed in the surface analysis included x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). / Master of Science
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Adhäsions- und Degradationsverhalten an der Grenzfläche zwischen Titan und Polyetheretherketon / Adhesion and degradation mechanism at the interface between titanium and polyetheretherketoneSchulze, Karola 25 July 2017 (has links) (PDF)
In dieser Arbeit wurde die Grenzfläche zwischen Ti-3Al-2,5V und CF/PEEK in thermoplastischen Ti-CF/PEEK-Laminaten untersucht. Vergleichende Untersuchungen von mechanischen, chemischen, chemisch-physikalischen und physikalischen Oberflächenvorbehandlungen im Zugscherversuch haben gezeigt, dass sich durch die Vorbehandlung mit einem Nd:YAG-Laser ein stabiles und feuchtigkeitsbeständiges Grenzflächensystem erzeugen lässt.
Ti-CF/PEEK-Laminate wurden bruchmechanisch im Mixed-Mode-Bending-Versuch sowohl bei reiner als auch bei überlagerter Mode I- und Mode II-Belastung geprüft. Die Versagensmechanismen wurden an den Bruchflächen der Mixed-Mode-Bending-Proben und an den Bruchflächen der Zugscherproben mittels mikroskopischer und spektroskopischer Methoden bestimmt. Verschiedene Analyseverfahren wurden eingesetzt, um Ti-3Al-2,5V-Oberflächen vor und nach der Laservorbehandlung, um laserbehandelte und wärmebehandelte Ti-3Al-2,5V-Oberflächen und um das Grenzflächensystem im Verbund zwischen Ti-3Al-2,5V und CF/PEEK vor und nach Alterung in 80°C warmem Wasser zu analysieren. Dabei wurden sowohl die grenzflächennahen Phasen im Ti-3Al-2,5V als auch die grenzflächennahen Phasen im PEEK berücksichtigt. Die Untersuchgen zeigen, dass sich nicht alle eingesetzten Analyseverfahren zur Charakterisierung eignen und dass nicht jedes Analyseverfahren eindeutig interpretierbare Ergebnisse liefert. Die eingesetzten Analyseverfahren werden in dieser Arbeit miteinander verglichen und in Bezug zu ihrer Einsetzbarkeit und zu ihren Einsatzgrenzen bewertet.
Titan-PEEK-Verbindungen zeigen je nach eingesetzter Vorbehandlungsmethode unterschiedliche Adhäsions-, Versagens- und Alterungsmechanismen. Die Ergebnisse aus den Untersuchungen der Verbindung zwischen PEEK und laserbehandeltem Ti-3Al-2,5V zeigen, dass neben mechanischer Adhäsion auf Mikro- und Nanoebene weitere Adhäsionsmechanismen in Frage kommen. Die Aluminiumanreicherung an der Oberfläche und die erhöhte Reaktivität durch mikro- und nanostrukturierte Oberflächen können chemische Wechselwirkungen zwischen PEEK und laserbehandeltem Ti-3Al-2,5V begünstigen.
Die Untersuchungen geben ebenfalls Hinweise darauf, dass die Verbundeigenschaften im Titan-PEEK-Verbund durch die Morphologie von PEEK beeinflusst wird. An der Titan-PEEK-Grenzfläche wurde Grenzflächenkristallisation nachgewiesen, von der bekannt ist, dass sie die Verbundeigenschaften von faserverstärkten Kunststoffen senkrecht zur Faserorientierung verbessern. Nicht nachgewiesen, aber durchaus möglich ist, dass sich mechanisch verklammertes PEEK in der porösen Oxidschicht aufgrund thermischer Eigenspannungen während der Abkühlung orientiert und die mechanischen Eigenschaften an der Grenzfläche in Analogie zu selbst verstärkten Polymeren verbessert. Dieser Ansatz kann eine Erklärung dafür sein, warum im MMB-Versuch nicht nur hohe kritische Energiefreisetzungsraten bei reiner Mode II-Belastung, sondern vor allem auch bei reiner Mode I-Belastung beobachtet wird. Die auf PEEK basierenden Mechanismen sind materialspezifisch und nicht auf chemisch aushärtbare Klebstoffe anwendbar.
Der Einfluss der Größenordnung von Oberflächenstrukturen auf die Langzeit- und Feuchtigkeitsbeständigkeit, der bereits aus der Literatur bekannt ist, wird in dieser Arbeit bestätigt. Mit mikrostrukturierten Oberflächen, die mittels Sandstrahlen erzeugt werden, lassen sich im Gegensatz zu nanostrukturierten Oberflächen, die mittels Laserbehandlung erzeugt werden, keine langzeit- und feuchtigkeitsbeständige Verbindungen zwischen PEEK und Ti-3Al-2,5V erzeugen. In Titan-PEEK-Verbindungen ist nicht nur die Haftung zwischen PEEK und Ti-3Al-2,5V entscheidend, sondern auch die Stabilität der Phasen im Grenzflächensystem, wie am Beispiel der Verbindung zwischen anodisiertem Ti-3Al-2,5V und PEEK gezeigt wird. Geringe Verbundfestigkeiten können somit als Folge thermischer Alterung während der Verbundherstellung verursacht werden, bei der die Oxidschicht durch Sauerstoffdiffusion geschädigt wird. Thermische Eigenspannungen, die sowohl zur Rissbildung im Oxid als auch im martensitischen Bereich führen, und ungenügende Verbundqualität, die beispielsweise durch eingeschlossene Luft bei großflächigen Klebungen entsteht, begünstigen die Alterung in hydrothermischer Umgebung.
Zum Verständnis von Adhäsions- und Alterungsmechanismen an der Grenzfläche zwischen Ti-3Al-2,5V und PEEK trägt nicht nur das Eigenschaftsbild der Metall-, Oxid- und Polymerphasen im Grenzflächensystem bei, sondern auch Änderungen in den einzelnen grenzflächennahen Phasen während Oberflächenvorbehandlung und der Konsolidierung. Bei der Verwendung von thermoplastischen Klebstoffen sind im Gegensatz zu Reaktionsklebstoffen besonders die vergleichsweise hohen Konsolidierungstemperaturen, die Kristallisationskinetik und die Schmelzviskosität zu berücksichtigen. So sollte bereits bei der Oberflächenvorbehandlung die Bildung thermisch unstabiler Oberflächenphasen vermieden werden, da diese während der Herstellung thermisch geschädigt werden können. Der Verbindungsprozess erfordert besonders bei großen Klebeflächen Maßnahmen, um das Phänomen der «eingeschlossenen Luft» zu vermeiden, da sich schlecht infiltrierte Bereiche negativ auf die Alterungsbeständigkeit auswirken. Bei porösen Oberflächenstrukturen auf Nanoskala ist ebenso eine Abstimmung zwischen Porengröße und Schmelzviskosität des Thermoplasten erforderlich, um ausreichende Infiltration des Thermoplasten an porösen Oberflächenstrukturen zu gewährleisten. Die grenzflächennahen Phasen von PEEK wurden erstmals an der Ti-3Al-2,5V-Oberfläche nachgewiesen. Die Einflussfaktoren und die Eigenschaften der grenzflächennahen Phasen von PEEK sind bereits aus Untersuchungen von CF/PEEK-Verbunden bekannt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen großes Potential der Übertragbarkeit auf die Titan-PEEK-Grenzfläche. So kann beispielsweise die PEEK-Morphologie durch gezielte Temperaturführung beim Kleben beeinflusst werden. Die Mechanismen an der Grenzfläche und die daraus resultierenden Verbundeigenschaften, die sich an der Grenzfläche zwischen Ti-3Al-2,5V und PEEK ergeben, zeigen großes Potential. Die Erkenntnisse aus dieser Arbeit zur Herstellung von Ti-PEEK-Grenzflächen mit hoher Verbundfestigkeit und Alterungsbeständigkeit zeigen ebenfalls großes Potential der Übertragbarkeit auf andere Metall-Thermoplast-Verbindungen. / The interface between titanium Ti-3Al-2,5V and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in Ti-CF/PEEK laminates are investigated. Comparative investigations of mechanical, chemical, chemo-physical and physical surface pre-treatments evidenced that surface pre-treatment by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (physical pre-treatment) offers both good adhesion and superior moisture resistance of the titanium-PEEK interface.
The titanium-PEEK interface modified by laser pre-treatment is characterized mechanically and analytical in detail. This investigation takes into account all process steps (surface pre-treatment, bonding, and ageing) as well as all the phases and interfaces in the titanium-PEEK system (i.e. titanium, oxide, and also PEEK). The delamination behavior is investigated mechanically with the mixed mode bending experiment (MMB). The MMB loading was represented by a superposition of simple mode I and mode II loadings. Based on MMB fracture surface analysis, a failure and damaging mechanism could be assumed. The analytical methods used in this investigation are a cryo-fracture, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), secondary electron microscopy (SEM, EDX, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), analytical TEM (EDX, EFTEM, EELS), adsorption/desorption experiments (Krypton-BET), Laser scanning microscopy (LSM), contact angle measurements, and Raman microscopy.
The adhesion and degradation mechanism observed at the titanium-PEEK interface strongly depends on the applied surface pre-treatment. The interface properties between pretreated Ti-3Al-2.5V and PEEK show an influence of the morphology of PEEK. For the first time, interfacial crystallization of PEEK at the Ti-3Al-2.5V surface was confirmed by experimental results. Interfacial crystallization is known for its strengthening effect perpendicular to C-fibers within CF/PEEK laminates and implies a strong interaction between PEEK and the oxide layer on the Ti-3Al-2.5V joining partner.
Moreover, the investigations of the interface between laser treated Ti-3Al-2.5V and PEEK indicate that adhesion is not only due to mechanical interlocking on micro- and nano-scale. Chemical interactions between the polymer and the joining surface seem be promoted byan increased surface reactivity due to the high surface area structures on micro- and nano-scale. In addition, an aluminum-enrichment was detected with TEM at the treated surface that may play a role in the bonding.
During the cooling phase of the consolidation of the thermoplastic, thermal stress arise at the interface due to suppressed expansion and contraction of the individual components. It can be assumed that PEEK, which is interlocked within the oxide pores, reduces the stress by relaxation processes. Relaxation induced re-orientation of the molecule structure is able strengthen the interface as it is known from self-reinforced polymers. This assumption could explain the interface behavior characterized by mode I and mode II loadings. High energy release rates observed at mode I loadings could be traced back to the re-orientated molecule structure which is equal to the direction of mode I loading. This mechanism is material specific and can be applied only to cure-free thermoplastics.
The long-term durability is enhanced significantly when of surface structures on nano-scale are formed by the pretreatment. This result is in good agreement with the literature. However, during the bonding process not only on the formation of adhesion between PEEK and Ti-3Al-2.5V is important but also the stability of the interfacial phases within the Ti-PEEK interfacial system as shown on the interface properties between anodized Ti-3Al-2.5V. Anodized oxide phases, for example,
which degrade during the bonding by oxidation diffusion, were found to result in low interfacial strength and low long-term durability.
Aging in hydro-thermal environment are enhanced by further factors. Residual stress which arises during the bonding process leads to cracks within the oxide and within martensitic region. Entrapped air which especially develop when large areas are bonded enhance water diffusion along the interface and hydrothermal aging.
A basic understanding of the titanium-PEEK system requires that all phases and interfaces in the titanium-PEEK system as well as all process steps are taken into account. Although the polymer will be neglected in most cases this investigation reveals that even the polymer morphology significantly influences the interface properties.
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Growth of fatigue cracks subjected to non-proportional Mode I and IIDahlin, Peter January 2005 (has links)
This thesis deals with some aspects of crack growth in the presence of cyclic loading, i.e. fatigue. The cyclic load cases studied here are primary of non-proportional mixed mode type. Under non-proportional loading the principal stress directions rotate and, generally, the ratio between the principal stresses vary. A new criterion has been presented for prediction of incipient crack path direction after changes in load from steady Mode I to non-proportional loading. The criterion is based on FE-simulations which are used to compute the actual elasto-plastic stress state in the vicinity of the crack tip. The predictions of the criterion capture several phenomena observed in the literature, which indicates that plasticity effects have to be included in a criterion for crack path predictions under non-proportional loading. The effects of Mode II overloads on subsequent Mode I crack growth have been studied relatively little in the literature. Also, the results deviates substantially. In the present thesis, this load case has been investigated in detail, both experimentally and analytically. The results show that the Mode I crack growth rate decreases after a single Mode II load, if the R-ratio is not as high as to keep the entire Mode I load cycle above the closure level. This is based on the fact, shown in this thesis, that the reduction is caused by crack closure due to tangential displacement of crack-surface irregularities. A new loading device is presented. With this device, it is possible to apply sequential loading in Mode I and Mode II in an automated way, without having to dismount the specimens. This loading device is used to study the influence of periodic Mode II loading on Mode I crack growth. The main parameters concerning the influence of periodic Mode II loading on Mode I crack growth are; (i) the Mode I R-ratio, (ii) the Mode II magnitude and (iii) the Mode II periodicity, M (number of Mode I loads for every Mode II load). The mechanisms involved are mainly RICC (Roughness-Induced Crack Closure) and a Mode II mechanism that increases the growth rate temporary at every Mode II load. Hence, the latter becomes more significant for low M-values. The higher the Mode I R-ratio the smaller is the reduction. / QC 20101004
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The mixed-mode reliability stress of Silicon-Germanium heterojunction bipolar transistorsZhu, Chendong 10 January 2007 (has links)
The objective of the dissertation is to combine the recent Mixed-Mode reliability stress studies into a single text. The thesis starts with a review of silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor fundamentals, development trends, and the conventional reliability stress paths used in industry, after which the new stress path, Mixed-Mode stress, is introduced. Chapter 2 is devoted to an in-depth discussion of damage mechanisms that includes the impact ionization effct and the selfheating effect. Chapter 3 goes onto the impact ionization effect using two-dimensional calibrated MEDICI simulations. Chapter 4 assesses the reliability of SiGe HBTs in extreme temperature environments
by way of comprehensive experiments and MEDICI simulations. A comparison of the device
lifetimes for reverse-EB stress and mixed-mode stress indicates different damage mechanisms
govern these phenomena. The thesis concludes with a summary of the project and suggestions for
future research in chapter 5.
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Thermal Stress Intensity Factor Evaluation For Inclined Cracks In Functionally Graded Materials Using Jk-integral MethodDemircivi, Bengi 01 November 2006 (has links) (PDF)
The main objective of this study is to evaluate mixed mode stress intensity factors
for inclined embedded cracks in functionally graded materials. Fracture analysis
of inclined cracks requires the calculation of both Mode I and Mode II stress
intensity factors ( I K , II K ). In this study, k J -integral is used to calculate I K
and II K . Equivalent domain integral approach is utilized to evaluate the k J -
integral around the crack tip. The present study aims at developing a finite
element model to study inclined crack problems in graded media under
thermomechanical loading. A two dimensional finite element model is developed
for inclined cracks located in a functionally graded medium. Structural and
thermal problems are solved using two dimensional finite elements namely 8-
noded triangles. Material properties are sampled directly at the integration points
of the elements, as required by the numerical integral evaluation. The main results
of the study are the stress intensity factors at the crack tip for functionally graded
materials subjected to thermomechanical loading.
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A coordinated approach to reconfigurable analog signal processingSchlottmann, Craig Richard 03 July 2012 (has links)
The purpose of this research is to create a solid framework for embedded system design with field-programmable analog arrays (FPAAs). To achieve this goal, we've created a unified approach to the three phases of FPAA system design: (1) the hardware architecture; (2) the circuit design and modeling; and (3) the high-level software tools. First, we describe innovations to the reconfigurable analog hardware that enable advanced signal processing and integration into embedded systems. We introduce the multiple-input translinear element (MITE) FPAA and the dynamically-reconfigurable RASP 2.9v FPAA, which was designed explicitly for interfacing with external digital systems. This compatibility creates a streamlined workflow for dropping the FPAA hardware into mixed-signal embedded systems. The second phase, algorithm analysis and modeling, is important to create a useful and reliable library of components for the system designer. We discuss the concept and procedure of analog abstraction that empowers non-circuit design engineers to take full advantage of analog techniques. We use the analog vector-matrix multiplier as an example for a detailed discussion on computational analog analysis and system mapping to the FPAA. Lastly, we describe high-level software tools, which are an absolute necessity for the design of large systems due to the size and complexity of modern FPAAs. We describe the Sim2Spice tool, which allows system designers to develop signal processing systems in the Simulink environment. The tool then compiles the system to the FPAA hardware. By coordinating the development of these three phases, we've created a solid unified framework that empowers engineers to utilize FPAAs.
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高強度GFRP積層板における内部欠陥からの層間き裂と貫通層間き裂の疲労進展特性の関係松原, 剛, MATSUBARA, Go, 田中, 啓介, TANAKA, Keisuke 05 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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