Šiame darbe magrinėtas Artimo Lauko Ryšio (ARL) technologijos panaudojimas identifikacijos protokolo realizacijai mobiliajame telefone. Išnagrinėti esami standartai ir duomenų mainų formatai, jų architektūra ir įrenginių komunikacijos su kitais įrenginiais ar servisais, taip pat saugaus elemento programavimo galimybės. Išanalizuoti keli identifikavimo algoritmai. Atlikta identifikacijos protokolų saugumo analizė prieš pagrindines atakas. Prototipu pasirinktas Li-Wang identifikacijos algoritmas. Nustatytos šio algoritmo silpnos vietos. Pateiktas Li-Wang algoritmo patobulinimas leidžiantis apsisaugoti nuo DOS ir sinchronizacijos atakos. / In this work we will review what Near Field Communication (NFC) is and what standards it use. Which architecture is using to make NFC. How NFC is working between devices and services. We will evaluate threats between technology and devices. After analyze identification algorithms we will choose one of identification method and we will remove its vulnerability. Then we will adjust in mobile phones with NFC. Algorithm will be chosen by mobile phones capability to compute hash functions. We will analyze which hash functions combinations are fasters. How much data between services and mobile device communications we will send.

The aim of this study was to examine adolescent perceptions of risky behaviour using a mobile phone. This research may contribute to creating an awareness of risky and healthy adolescent uses of mobile phones. Anonymous sketches were collected from Grade 10 learners depicting their understanding of risky behaviour using the mobile phone. Thereafter, 12 learners agreed, through informed consent, to participate in semi-structured interviews. All participants considered the mobile phone an integral part of their social lives. Participants noted the benefits of using their mobile phones for their school work, such as searching the internet, taking photos of, and recordings of class work. Participants indicated that engaging in activities that allow for self-expression using the mobile phone, as well as knowing how much information to post, and using the mobile phone for what it was intended for (i.e. communication), was healthy behaviour. Participants indicated that sharing one’s address, phone number, and personal or intimate photographs and videos was risky behaviour. Participants did not extend their definitions of healthy behaviour to include moderate use of the mobile phone on a daily basis, and in fact reported spending an average of 4-5 hours daily on their mobile phones. Participants indicated numerous incidents of cyberbullying (although that term was not explicitly used), such as online racism, creating and distributing demeaning lists, and nude or offensive photographs of one another. Participants’ moral boundaries appeared to be negotiable, due to inconsistent opinions on what was considered acceptable or unacceptable behaviour on their mobile phones. Participants revealed a desire to be trusted with their mobile phones, yet indicated that they hid information from their parents. Findings show that, although the participants knew and understood the risks that exist in mobile interactions, they continued to engage in these risky behaviours. / Thesis (MA (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The aim of this study was to examine adolescent perceptions of risky behaviour using a mobile phone. This research may contribute to creating an awareness of risky and healthy adolescent uses of mobile phones. Anonymous sketches were collected from Grade 10 learners depicting their understanding of risky behaviour using the mobile phone. Thereafter, 12 learners agreed, through informed consent, to participate in semi-structured interviews. All participants considered the mobile phone an integral part of their social lives. Participants noted the benefits of using their mobile phones for their school work, such as searching the internet, taking photos of, and recordings of class work. Participants indicated that engaging in activities that allow for self-expression using the mobile phone, as well as knowing how much information to post, and using the mobile phone for what it was intended for (i.e. communication), was healthy behaviour. Participants indicated that sharing one’s address, phone number, and personal or intimate photographs and videos was risky behaviour. Participants did not extend their definitions of healthy behaviour to include moderate use of the mobile phone on a daily basis, and in fact reported spending an average of 4-5 hours daily on their mobile phones. Participants indicated numerous incidents of cyberbullying (although that term was not explicitly used), such as online racism, creating and distributing demeaning lists, and nude or offensive photographs of one another. Participants’ moral boundaries appeared to be negotiable, due to inconsistent opinions on what was considered acceptable or unacceptable behaviour on their mobile phones. Participants revealed a desire to be trusted with their mobile phones, yet indicated that they hid information from their parents. Findings show that, although the participants knew and understood the risks that exist in mobile interactions, they continued to engage in these risky behaviours. / Thesis (MA (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Denna uppsats syfte har varit att undersöka vilken roll mobilen spelar i en grupp ungdomars liv och då framförallt i skolan. Vi har intervjuat åtta elever på en högstadieskola samt utfört observationer för att få en så klar bild som möjligt av deras förhållande till mobilanvändning. Tidigare forskning har visat att mobilens roll har kommit att bli större och viktigare och den sociala interaktionen som tidigare i större utsträckning skett ansikte mot ansikte är nu mer benägen att ske genom mobilen. Mobilens inverkan på individ och samhället har både positiva och negativa effekter, vilket undersöks i uppsatsen. De frågeställningar som behandlas rör hur eleverna upplever dagens mobilanvändning, hur de använder sina mobiler och hur detta påverkar den sociala interaktionen. Även huruvida eleverna har ett behov av att vara anträffbara samt hur de känner av mobilens påverkan? Uppsatsens sociologiska analys görs med hjälp av teman som behandlar konsumtion, modernitet, tid och rum, social interaktion genom mobilen och nätverkssamhället. Resultatet visar att mobilen spelar en stor roll i ungdomarnas liv och att den sociala interaktionen till viss del begränsas av mobilen. Eleverna upplever att de ständigt måste kunna vara anträffbara och uppdaterade och kan känna sig illa till mods när mobilen inte finns tillgänglig. / This paper has aimed to explore the role that mobile phone plays in a group of young people's lives in school. We interviewed eight students at a secondary school and performed observations to get as clear a picture as possible of their mobile phone use. Previous research has shown that mobile's role has become more and more important and the social interaction that were previously more widely been face to face is now more likely to be through mobile phone. The mobile's impact on the individual and society has both positive and negative effects. The issues addressed concerns how students experience today's smartphone use, how they use their phones and how this affects social interaction. Even whether students have a need to be reachable and how they feel of the phone's impact? The sociological analysis of this paper is done using themes that deal with consumption, modernity, time and space, social interaction through the smartphone and the network society. The result shows that mobile phone plays a big role in young people's lives and social interactions to some extent limited by the mobile phone. Students feel that they must constantly be reachable and updated and may feel uneasy when the phone is not available.

My foray into location based gaming started because as a web designer, I felt that I wanted to expand my practice from one that consisted of straightforward interface design, to one that encompassed a wider variety of skills by improving on my knowledge and expertise in the burgeoning field of interaction design. This allowed me at the same time, to incorporate other aspects of design that include the usercentred design of tools for collaboration, content creation and community creation. I take a particular interest in the opportunities afforded by the convergence of web and game based technologies, especially when mobile interaction is afforded by such convergences. This exegesis describes the theoretical underpinnings that have informed the creation of a series of graphical interfaces that serve to bridge the gap between system capabilities as envisaged by the developers and a user's experience facilitated by an interface. The actual research into creation of the interface was preceded by an exploration of the field of location based gaming from which the initial area of interest was derived. Due to the fact that location based gaming is still an emerging field, it required the creation of a custom taxonomy for the works to be systematically separated into their various elements for analysis. The taxonomy to be created involved the combination of three smaller individual taxonomies in a way that has not been attempted previously and in a way that would give a balanced account of what makes up a location based game. The area of interested identified was how location based games might be made more readily available for a wider audience. Cipher Cities, which was a system in development at the time, was one that was already designed for such an application, but now required an interface that would appropriately represent what it aimed to achieve. I joined the team as their interface designer and it became clear that due to the location centric nature of the game, the only feasible way to go about democratising the participation in such games was to make it easy for people to build their own. The issue that arose was how an interface could encourage the creation of as well as participation in location based games. This required reference from current Web 2.0 applications that use members as creators of content as well as research into the theories behind community building, content creation and distribution in support of such an interface. These theories were put into practice and implemented before being evaluated and verified through a series of user testing sessions that served to refine the system in terms of user interface design and system functions. The result of the research is the first interface ever created that works to support a system for the creation of location based games by the public. More importantly, it is a robust, interface that is attractive as well as usable.

When internet-mediated messaging and social networking applications were introduced in mobile phones, mobile messaging entered a new paradigm. Users can easily create profiles and communicate with other users instantly at anytime of day and anywhere in the world. This paradigm however, has brought forward new privacy issues. Over the course of this exegesis I aimed to explore different aspects of privacy issues related to mobile messaging, including users' awareness and the control of the privacy issues when using social networking messaging. This was demonstrated by conducting a project, which involved development of a mobile phone application and a role-playing game. The project created a frictional scenario of users communicating via mobile messaging. My research revealed that the participants lacked awareness of privacy violations when using mobile messaging, and tended not to modify their behaviours immediately when privacy breaches arose. This research contributes to the existing body of research in the area of mobile messaging privacy, and advocated user awareness of privacy issues in this domain. It could potentially be used as a base for future research.

The effects that cellular (cell) phone conversation may have on pedestrian road-crossing performance is unknown. A series of experiments was conducted using a virtual reality road crossing simulator to examine this issue. The participants were primarily university students aged between 18 and 24 years old, although one study compared a group aged 18 to 24 to a group between 50 and 67 years old. Two experimental situations were used: a gap-choice situation, in which the participants had to choose a gap to cross through; and an infrequency situation, where vehicles were present on only 10% of the trials. Participants were impaired by a simulated phone conversation task when compared to no-conversation task, as evidenced by longer reaction times, slower walking speeds, poorer gap choices, and more cautious behaviours. Most importantly, conversation was related to a decrease in the mean margins of safety, and the participants were hit or nearly hit by vehicles more often when talking. The general performance of the older participants did not differ from that of the younger participants, and both groups were impaired to a similar extent by the conversation task. Participants were found to use irrelevant distance information to inform their gap-choice decisions, a strategy associated with a decrease in safety as the distance between the vehicles increased. It was also found that their use of time-to-arrival information was impaired when engaged in the conversation task. Overall, talking on a cell phone while crossing a road may represent an unnecessary increase in risk; therefore, care should be taken if these two acts are being conducted concurrently.

O viés da tarifa fixa ocorre quando um consumidor contrata um determinado nível de serviço e, em média, consome menos do que ele/ela tem direito a consumir. Tal comportamento é documentado em variados setores, em especial no de telecomunicações. Nesta dissertação, espera-se que o tipo de tarifa que uma pessoa tem seja a causa de determinados comportamentos. Assim, este estudo se baseia nas teorias da contabilidade mental e da dissociação da transação, para medir o impacto de tipos diferentes de tarifas no comportamento de consumo de telefonia móvel. Em uma sequência de três experimentos, foi descoberto que usuários de tarifa fixa são mais dispostos a abrir mão do consumo e se sentem menos frustrados e menos arrependidos do que usuários de tarifa por uso. Este comportamento é condizente com os efeitos dos custos irrecuperáveis que, conforme hipotetizado, também são observados em serviços por assinatura, e não apenas transacionais. Adicionalmente, foi observado que na medida em que aumenta a quantidade de pessoas consumindo o mesmo plano, a disposição a renunciar o consumo permanece a mesma. Por fim, foi observado que o viés da tarifa fixa não compromete comportamentos futuros, como a intenção de migrar ou permanecer com o mesmo plano. Estes resultados apoiam tanto implicações gerenciais quanto teóricas, e oferecem novos caminhos de estudos em mercados menos típicos, porém promissores, de serviços por assinatura. / The flat-rate bias takes place whenever a consumer contracts a given service level and, in average, consumes only a fraction of what s/he is entitled. Such behavior is documented in a number of different sectors, specially the telecommunications sector. In this thesis, the type of tariff an individual has is expected to be the cause of particular behaviors. Therefore, this study draws on mental accounting and transaction decoupling theories, to measure the impact of different types of tariffs on mobile phone consumer behavior. In a series of three experiments, it was found that flat-rate consumers are more willing to forgo consumption and they feel less frustrated and less regretful than users of a pay-per-use plan. This behavior is consistent with the sunk cost effects which, as hypothesed, can also be seen in contract services, and not only in transactional ones. Additionally, it was noted that as the amount of people consuming the same plan increases, the willingness to forgo consumption remains unaltered. Finally, it was observed that the flat-rate bias does not commit future behavior, such as the intention to either change or stay with the same plan. These results support both managerial and theoretical implications, and offer new avenues of studies on the less typical, yet promising, markets of subscription services.

Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien var att få en inblick i hur omfattande smartphoneanvändning var bland människor och hur denna användning samvarierade med den mentala hälsan. En annan del av syftet var att se om ett beteendemönster kunde ändras hos smartphoneanvändarna och på så vis ändra den mentala hälsan. För att uppnå syftet ställdes två frågeställningar: (1) Finns det något samband mellan grad av smartphoneberoende och upplevd psykisk hälsa? (2) Kan en kortare tids intervention där man begränsar användandet av smartphone hos deltagarna påverka deras subjektiva psykiska välmående? Metod För att få en inblick i hur utbrett smartphoneberoendet är i dagsläget och om det påverkar den subjektiva psykiska hälsan valdes enkät som metod eftersom det var tidseffektivt och gav ett brett urval. För att kunna skapa en beteendeförändring så behövdes en aktiv interaktion med respondenterna, därför kom beslutet att utföra en intervention. Interventionen gick ut på att deltagarna under sex dagar skulle reducera sitt mobilanvändande i största mån möjligt för att se om deras mentala hälsa kunde påverkas. Urvalet bestod av 76 kvinnor och 56 män med en medelålder på 25 år. Resultat Enligt korrelationsanalysen fanns ett svagt samband r = - 0,218 mellan mental hälsa och smartphoneberoende som var statistiskt signifikant (p = 0.013). Analys av enkätdata visade en stor grupp som klassades som smartphoneberoende = 48.2% och 51.8% som ej smartphoneberoende. Detta visade att fler personer är mobilberoende i detta urval än vad andra studier hittat. Interventionen bortgick på grund av ett stort bortfall. Slutsats Resultatet visade på ett svagt negativt samband mellan mental hälsa och smartphoneberoende. Kausalitetssamband klargjordes inte och vidare forskning krävs på ämnet för att i framtiden kunna urskilja om en mental ohälsa leder till mer smartphoneanvändande eller om mycket smartphoneanvändning leder till mental ohälsa i sig. / Abstract Purpose and objective The purpose of this study was to survey the use of mobile phones amongst people and how it coincides with mental health. We also wanted to investigate whether or not we could create a behavioral change amongst the mobile phone users and thereby see if it affected their mental health. To achieve this objective we emanated from two questions: (1) Is there a relationship between Smartphone addiction and subjective mental health? (2) Can a short intervention, where you decrease the time spent on smartphones amongst users improve their subjective well-being? Method To get an insight in how widespread the use of mobile phones is and if it affects subjective well-being we chose to collect data through surveys because it was time effective and gave a wide group of people. To be able to create a behavioral change we concluded we had to actively interact with the respondents, so we chose to perform an intervention. During the intervention the participants would reduce their mobile phone usage to the greatest extent possible to see if their mental health could be improved. Result According to the correlation analysis, there is a weak relationship r = - 0,218 between mental health and smartphone addiction which is statistically significant (p=0.013). Analysis of survey data showed a large group classified as smartphone addicted = 48.2% and 51.8% as non-smartphone addicted. This shows that more people are smartphone addicted in this study than other studies have found. The intervention failed due to many dropouts. Conclusions The result showed a weak negative correlation between mental health and smartphone addiction. Causal correlation was not clarified and further research is required on the subject in order to determine whether mental health issues leads to more smartphone usage or if a lot of smartphone usage leads to mental health issues by itself.

This diploma thesis topic "Physical measure by the mobile phone" deals in theoretical part with term BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) and lesson 1:1, where is solving motivation of integrating devices into the lessons, what are the advantages and disadvatages of this problems and also what are the worries that pedagogues could have. Then thesis deals with equipment of mobile phones, principle of sensors functioning and in the end deals with searches of application for physical measuring by the mobile phones sensors, actual to the date of the writing this thesis. In the practical part thesis deals with comparison of values from aplication to the laboratory equipment. In the end deals with proposals of lessons activities with mobile applications.