Until this present work, the acoustics of waveguides has been divided into two broadly distinct fields---linear acoustics in ducts of complex geometry such as those with curvature or varying width, and nonlinear acoustics restricted to simple geometry ducts without curvature or flare. This PhD unites these distinct branches to give a complete mathematical description of weakly nonlinear wave propagation in a general shaped duct in both two and three dimensions. Such ducts have important applications---the clearest example is that of brass instruments, where it has been demonstrated that nonlinear wave steepening gives rise to the characteristic 'brassy' sounds of, for example, the trombone. As the ducts of these instruments have a very complicated geometry involving curvature, torsion and varying width, the goal of the PhD is to address what effect, if any, such changes in duct geometry have on the acoustic properties of such instruments. Other potential applications include the study of acoustics in curved aircraft engine intakes and even the nonlinear sound propagation through the trunk of an elephant. The first results chapter is focused on the exposition of the method used for the remainder of the paper, with the introduction of a new ``nonlinear admittance term'' as well as the associated algebra for it. An elegant notation for the nonlinear algebra is also developed, greatly simplifying the equations. The method is applied to one and two dimensional ducts and some analytical results are derived relating the work to previously published results. Numerical results are also presented and compared to other sources. The concept of nonlinear reflectance is also introduced---illustrating the effect of wave amplitude on the amount of energy reflected in a duct. The next results chapter builds on this work extending it to three dimensions. Numerical results are presented for three characteristic ducts---a curved duct, a horn and a helical duct, being one of the first works to study acoustics in helical pipes for both linear and nonlinear sound propagation. The final results chapter, utilising all of the previous work, addresses the problem of an open ended duct of finite length with nonlinear effects included. Results are compared with the linear results from the Wiener-Hopf method and new results are presented illustrating the effect of geometry and nonlinearity on the resonances of finite length waveguides culminating in the study of the resonances of a trombone.

Orientador: Sérgio Kurokawa / Banca: Afonso José do Prado / Banca: José Carlos da Costa Campos / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar uma metodologia para estimar os parâmetros de linhas de transmissão. O método é baseado na teoria de decomposição modal de linhas de transmissão e é desenvolvido a partir das medições das correntes e tensões nos terminais da linha. Conforme testes realizados por Kurokawa, et al., (2006), o método de estimação de parâmetros é exato se a matriz de decomposição modal é conhecida. Desse modo, neste trabalho, o método será aplicado em uma linha de transmissão trifásica de 440 kV não transposta, em uma frequência de 60 Hz, para vários comprimentos de linhas, onde será utilizada a matriz de Clarke como sendo uma matriz de decomposição modal / Abstract: The objective of this work is to show a methodology to estimate the transmission lines parameters. The method is based the theory of modal decomposition of transmission lines and is developed from measurements of currents and voltages at the terminals of the line. According to tests realized by Kurokawa, et al. (2006), the method of parameter estimation is exact if the modal transformation matrix is known. Thus, in this work, the method will be apllied in three phase transmission line of 440 kV non transposed, in a frequency of 60 Hz, for various lengths of lines, were the matrix will be used Clarke as a modal decomposition matrix / Mestre

This thesis explores and implements techniques for frequency domain modelling and time domain simulation of overhead transmission lines. The popular Vector Fitting algorithm is employed to approximate the frequency domain model using rational functions, and the recursive convolution technique is applied to the rational approximation to generate a time domain form. The frequency domain model is translated into the time domain using delay extraction, modal decomposition, passivity enforcement, and rational approximation. Several approaches to each of these procedures are investigated. The thesis also discusses several choices for the integration method used within the recursive convolution procedure. In order to make the transmission line modeller and simulator easy to use, a Java-based library and partial graphical interface were developed. Specifically, the goal was to develop a platform-independent program that can run either stand-alone or as an applet inside a web page. / October 2005

No description available.

This thesis explores and implements techniques for frequency domain modelling and time domain simulation of overhead transmission lines. The popular Vector Fitting algorithm is employed to approximate the frequency domain model using rational functions, and the recursive convolution technique is applied to the rational approximation to generate a time domain form. The frequency domain model is translated into the time domain using delay extraction, modal decomposition, passivity enforcement, and rational approximation. Several approaches to each of these procedures are investigated. The thesis also discusses several choices for the integration method used within the recursive convolution procedure. In order to make the transmission line modeller and simulator easy to use, a Java-based library and partial graphical interface were developed. Specifically, the goal was to develop a platform-independent program that can run either stand-alone or as an applet inside a web page.

A mixing layer is generally considered as a prototype of free shear flows whichoccur in a very broad spectrum of applications from natural phenomena to the engineeringscience. The increasing development of the aeroacoustics, more particularly thanks to theprogress in numerical simulations, has allowed to identify the coherent structures which evolvein the flow as the main sound sources. Furthermore, the emergence of the instability wavestaking the form of the coherent structures can be characterized by the stability analysis. In thiscontext, we propose through this work to perform a global stability analysis, in order tounderstand the emergence of fundamental frequencies, as well as a modal decompositionwithin both a linear and nonlinear framework, to characterize the coherent structures primarilyresponsible for the sound generation. In particular, we propose to develop the methods of theglobal stability with respect to the compressible flows as well as a technique of calculation ofcoherent structures applied to the nonlinear regimes based on the DMD method. Such analysistools are validated and illustrated on an academic configuration of a co-flowing mixing layer, atypical noise amplifier, from a simple case where a single source is implicated in the acousticradiation to a more complex case where two sources are present. Both the temporal and spatialDMD are shown capable of describing the characteristics of the coherent structures in the nearfield and the behaviour of the acoustic waves in the far field. Finally, the methods of the modaldecomposition have proven themselves as a relevant model reduction aiming at designing anefficient control strategy.

This thesis explores and implements techniques for frequency domain modelling and time domain simulation of overhead transmission lines. The popular Vector Fitting algorithm is employed to approximate the frequency domain model using rational functions, and the recursive convolution technique is applied to the rational approximation to generate a time domain form. The frequency domain model is translated into the time domain using delay extraction, modal decomposition, passivity enforcement, and rational approximation. Several approaches to each of these procedures are investigated. The thesis also discusses several choices for the integration method used within the recursive convolution procedure. In order to make the transmission line modeller and simulator easy to use, a Java-based library and partial graphical interface were developed. Specifically, the goal was to develop a platform-independent program that can run either stand-alone or as an applet inside a web page.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:29:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 asti_ga_me_ilha.pdf: 793466 bytes, checksum: de9dfe6a0e865851e180ff428252c9a2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar uma metodologia para estimar os parâmetros de linhas de transmissão. O método é baseado na teoria de decomposição modal de linhas de transmissão e é desenvolvido a partir das medições das correntes e tensões nos terminais da linha. Conforme testes realizados por Kurokawa, et al., (2006), o método de estimação de parâmetros é exato se a matriz de decomposição modal é conhecida. Desse modo, neste trabalho, o método será aplicado em uma linha de transmissão trifásica de 440 kV não transposta, em uma frequência de 60 Hz, para vários comprimentos de linhas, onde será utilizada a matriz de Clarke como sendo uma matriz de decomposição modal / The objective of this work is to show a methodology to estimate the transmission lines parameters. The method is based the theory of modal decomposition of transmission lines and is developed from measurements of currents and voltages at the terminals of the line. According to tests realized by Kurokawa, et al. (2006), the method of parameter estimation is exact if the modal transformation matrix is known. Thus, in this work, the method will be apllied in three phase transmission line of 440 kV non transposed, in a frequency of 60 Hz, for various lengths of lines, were the matrix will be used Clarke as a modal decomposition matrix

Une couche de mélange est généralement considérée comme un prototyped'écoulements libres cisaillés trouve sa présence au sein des nombreuses phénomènesnaturelles et applications industrielles. Le fort développement de l'aéroacoustique, notammentgrâce aux progrès des simulations numériques, a permis d'identifier les structures cohérentesqui se développent dans l'écoulement comme les principales sources de bruit. En outre,l'analyse de stabilité permet de caractériser l'émergence des ondes d'instabilités sous forme deces structures. Dans ce cadre, nous proposons de réaliser à travers ce mémoire une analysede stabilité globale, afin de comprendre l'émergence de fréquences fondamentales, ainsi qu'unedécomposition modale linéaire et non-linéaire, afin de caractériser les structures cohérentesessentiellement responsables du rayonnement acoustique. En particulier, nous proposons dedévelopper les méthodes de stabilité globale en régime compressible ainsi qu'une technique decalcul de structures cohérentes appliquée en régime non-linéaire basée sur la méthode« DMD ». De tels outils d'analyse sont validés et illustrés sur une configuration académiqued'une couche de mélange à co-courant, de type d'amplificateur de bruit, d'un simple cas où uneseule source est impliquée dans le rayonnement acoustique à un cas plus complexe où deuxsources sont présentes. Aussi bien la DMD temporelle que la DMD spatiale sont montréscapables de décrire le comportement des structures cohérentes en champ proche et lescaractéristiques des ondes acoustiques en champ lointain. Enfin, les méthodes dedécomposition modale s'avèrent une base de réduction de modèle pertinente, dans l'objectifd'un contrôle efficace. / A mixing layer is generally considered as a prototype of free shear flows whichoccur in a very broad spectrum of applications from natural phenomena to the engineeringscience. The increasing development of the aeroacoustics, more particularly thanks to theprogress in numerical simulations, has allowed to identify the coherent structures which evolvein the flow as the main sound sources. Furthermore, the emergence of the instability wavestaking the form of the coherent structures can be characterized by the stability analysis. In thiscontext, we propose through this work to perform a global stability analysis, in order tounderstand the emergence of fundamental frequencies, as well as a modal decompositionwithin both a linear and nonlinear framework, to characterize the coherent structures primarilyresponsible for the sound generation. In particular, we propose to develop the methods of theglobal stability with respect to the compressible flows as well as a technique of calculation ofcoherent structures applied to the nonlinear regimes based on the DMD method. Such analysistools are validated and illustrated on an academic configuration of a co-flowing mixing layer, atypical noise amplifier, from a simple case where a single source is implicated in the acousticradiation to a more complex case where two sources are present. Both the temporal and spatialDMD are shown capable of describing the characteristics of the coherent structures in the nearfield and the behaviour of the acoustic waves in the far field. Finally, the methods of the modaldecomposition have proven themselves as a relevant model reduction aiming at designing anefficient control strategy.

No description available.