Nous proposons dans cette thèse une nouvelle approche pour l'exploration d’espaces de conception. Plus précisément, nous utilisons la composition de transformations de modèles pour automatiser la production d'alternatives architecturales, et les algorithmes génétiques pour explorer et identifier des alternatives architecturales quasi-optimales. Les transformations de modèles sont des solutions réutilisables et peuvent être intégrées dans des algorithmes génétiques et ainsi être combinées avec des opérateurs génétiques tels que la mutation et le croisement. Grâce à cela, nous pouvons utiliser (ou réutiliser) différentes transformations de modèles implémentant différents patrons de conception sans pour autant modifier l’environnement d’optimisation. En plus de cela, les transformations de modèles peuvent être validées (par rapport aux contraintes structurelles) en amont et ainsi rejeter avant l’exploration les transformations générant des alternatives architecturales incorrectes. Enfin, les transformations de modèles peuvent être chainées entre elles afin de faciliter leur maintenance, leur réutilisabilité et ainsi concevoir des modèles plus détaillés et plus complexes se rapprochant des systèmes industrielles. A noter que l’exploration de chaines de transformations de modèles a été intégrée dans l’environnement d’optimisation. / In this thesis, we propose a new exploration approach to tackle design space exploration problems involving multiple conflicting non functional properties. More precisely, we propose the use of model transformation compositions to automate the production of architectural alternatives, and multiple-objective evolutionary algorithms to identify near-optimal architectural alternatives. Model transformations alternatives are mapped into evolutionary algorithms and combined with genetic operators such as mutation and crossover. Taking advantage of this contribution, we can (re)-use different model transformations, and thus solve different multiple-objective optimization problems. In addition to that, model transformations can be chained together in order to ease their maintainability and re-usability, and thus conceive more detailed and complex systems.

Since information systems become more and more important in today\''s society, business firms, organizations, and individuals rely on these systems to manage their daily business and social activities. The dependency of possibly critical business processes on complex IT systems requires a strategy that supports IT departments in reducing the time needed to implement changed or new domain requirements of functional departments. In this context, software models help to manage system\''s complexity and provide a tool for communication and documentation purposes. Moreover, software engineers tend to use automated software model processing such as code generation to improve development and maintenance processes. Particularly in the context of web-based information systems, a number of model driven approaches were developed. However, we believe that compared to the user interface layer and the persistency layer, there could be a better support of consistent approaches providing a suitable architecture for the consistent model driven development of business logic. To ameliorate this situation, we developed an architectural blueprint consisting of meta models, tools, and a method support for model driven development and maintenance of business logic from analysis until system maintenance. This blueprint, which we call Amabulo infrastructure, consists of five layers and provides concepts and tools to set up and apply concrete infrastructures for model driven development projects. Modeling languages can be applied as needed. In this thesis we focus on business logic layers of J2EE applications. However, concrete code generation rules can be adapted easily for different target platforms. After providing a high-level overview of our Amabulo infrastructure, we describe its layers in detail: The Visual Model Layer is responsible for all visual modeling tasks. For this purpose, we discuss requirements for visual software models for business logic, analyze several visual modeling languages concerning their usefulness, and provide an UML profile for business logic models. The Abstract Model Layer provides an abstract view on the business logic model in the form of a domain specific model, which we call Amabulo model. An Amabulo model is reduced to pure logical information concerning business logic aspects. It focuses on information that is relevant for the code generation. For this purpose, an Amabulo model integrates model elements for process modeling, state modeling, and structural modeling. It is used as a common interface between visual modeling languages and code generators. Visual models of the Visual Model Layer are automatically transformed into an Amabulo model. The Abstract System Layer provides a formal view onto the system in the form of a Coloured Petri Net (CPN). A Coloured Petri Net representation of the modeled business logic is a formal structure and independent of the actual business logic implementation. After an Amabulo model is automatically transformed into a CPN, it can be analyzed and simulated before any line of code is generated. The Code Generation Layer is responsible for code generation. To support the design and implementation of project-specific code generators, we discuss several aspects of code integration issues and provide object-oriented design approaches to tackle the issues. Then, we provide a conceptual mapping of Amabulo model elements into architectural elements of a J2EE infrastructure. This mapping explicitly considers robustness features, which support a later manual integration of generated critical code artifacts and external systems. The Application Layer is the target layer of an Amabulo infrastructure and comprises generated code artifacts. These artifacts are instances of a specific target platform specification, and they can be modified for integration purposes with development tools. Through the contributions in this thesis, we aim to provide an integrated set of solutions to support an efficient model driven development and maintenance process for the business logic of information systems. Therefore, we provide a consistent infrastructure blueprint that considers modeling tasks, model analysis tasks, and code generation tasks. As a result, we see potential for reducing the development and maintenance efforts for changed domain requirements and simultaneously guaranteeing robustness and maintainability even after several changes.

As vehicles become more complex, the work required to ensure that they are safe increases enormously. This in turn results in a much more complicated task of testing systems, subsystems, and components to ensure that they are safe individually as well as when they are integrated. As a result, managing the safety engineering process for vehicle development is of major interest to all automotive manufacturers. The goal of this research is to introduce a tool that provides support for a new framework for modeling safety processes, which can partially address some of these challenges. WorkFlow+ is a framework that was developed to combine both data flow and process flow to increase traceability, enable users to model with the desired granularity safety engineering workflow for their products, and produce assurance cases for regulators and evaluators to be able to validate that the product is safe for the users and the public. With the development of an editor, it will bring WorkFlow+ to life. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

[pt] Este trabalho apresenta um framework de software para construção de interfaces para aplicações REST, dirigido por modelos. Este framework permite a construção destas interfaces exigindo um mínimo de programação pelo projetista. Os modelos nos quais se baseia, e a interface gerada utilizam padrões do W3C. Uma avaliação qualitativa indica que há um aumento efetivo de produtividade e qualidade no projeto de interfaces através do ambiente, quando comparado com abordagens tradicionais para projeto e implementação de interfaces. / [en] This work presentes a Model-driven framework for the design of interfaces for REST applications. The framework allows building interfaces with minimal programming, The models used, as well as the generated interfaces are represented using W3C standards. A qualitative evaluation indicates that there are gains in both productivity and quality of the generated interfaces, when compared with traditional approaches.

Safety-critical systems are systems in which failure may lead to serious harm for humans or the environment. Due to the nature of these systems, there exist regulatory standards that recommend a set of safety mechanisms that should be included in these systems, e.g., IEC 61508. However, these standards offer little to no implementation assistance for these mechanisms. This thesis provides such development assistance, by proposing an approach for the automatic generation of safety mechanisms via Model-Driven Development (MDD). Such an automation of previously manual activities has been known to increase developer productivity and to reduce the number of bugs in the implementation. In the context of safety-critical systems, the latter also means an improvement in safety. The approach introduces a novel way to define safety requirements as structured sentences. This structure allows for the automatic parsing of these requirements in order to subsequently generate software-implemented safety mechanisms, as well as to initially configure hardware-implemented safety mechanisms. The generation approach for software-implemented safety mechanisms uses Unified Modeling Language (UML) stereotypes to represent these mechanisms in the application model. Automated model-to-model transformations parse this model representation and realize the safety mechanisms within an intermediate model. From this intermediate model, code may be generated with simple 1:1 mappings. For the generation of hardware-implemented safety mechanisms, this thesis introduces a novel Graphical User Interface (GUI) tool for representing the configuration of hardware interfaces. A template-based code snippet repository is used for generating the code responsible for the configuration of the hardware-implemented safety mechanisms. The presented approach is validated by applying it to the development of a safety-critical fire detection application example. Furthermore, the runtime overhead of the respective transformation steps of the code generation process is measured. The results indicate a linear scalability and a runtime that is no impediment to the workflow of the developer. Furthermore, the memory and runtime overhead of the generated code is evaluated. The results show that the inclusion of a single safety mechanism for a single system element has a negligible overhead. However, the relative overhead indicates that the application of safety mechanisms should be limited to those system elements that are strictly safety-critical, as their arbitrary application to all system elements would have large effects on the runtime and memory usage of the application.

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A partir de la introducción del modelo de datos multidimensional como formalismo de modelado para Almacenes de Datos (ADs), se han realizado distintas propuestas metodológicas para capturar la estructura del AD a nivel conceptual. Las soluciones propuestas parten de diferentes aspectos de diseño: los requisitos de usuario, el análisis del esquema de la base de datos operacional o una combinación de ambos (técnicas mixtas). Model Driven Architecture (MDA) es un nuevo estándar para el desarrollo de sistemas dirigido por modelos. MDA propone tres puntos de vista: Computation Independent Model (CIM), Platform Independent Model (PIM) and Platform Specific Model (PSM). Esta tesis, se enmarca en el área del diseño de ADs con MDA (una metodología para el diseño conceptual de ADs). Este método, es empleado con una metodología compuesta y consiste de tres fases. La primera fase, esta dedicada a examinar el esquema ER de la base de datos operacional, generando los esquemas multidimensionales candidatos para el AD. La solución a esta fase, se ha abordado en el contexto de MDA para esto, hemos definido un conjunto de reglas de transformación entre el PIM Entidad Relación (ER) y el PIM On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP). En la segunda fase, los requisitos de usuario son recogidos por medio de entrevistas. El propósito de las entrevistas es obtener información acerca de las necesidades de análisis de los usuarios. Como base para esta fase, adaptamos un método de elicitación de requisitos basado en metas. La tercera fase, contrasta la información obtenida en la segunda fase, con los esquemas multidimensional candidatos formados en la primera fase generando así, la mejor solución (soportada por las bases datos operacionales) que mejor reflejan los requisitos de usuario. / Zepeda Sánchez, LZ. (2008). Metodología para el diseño conceptual de almacenes de datos [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/2506

By analyzing the last years of software development evolution, it is possible to observe that the involved technologies are increasingly focused on the definition of models for the specification of the intended software products. This model-centric development schema is the main ingredient for the Model-Driven Development (MDD) paradigm. In general terms, the MDD approaches propose the automatic generation of software products by means of the transformation of the defined models into the final program code. This transformation process is also known as model compilation process. Thus, MDD is oriented to reduce (or even eliminate) the hand-made programming, which is an error-prone and time-consuming task. Hence, models become the main actors of the MDD processes: the models are the new programming code. In this context, the interoperability can be considered a natural trend for the future of model-driven technologies, where different modeling approaches, tools, and standards can be integrated and coordinated to reduce the implementation and learning time of MDD solutions as well as to improve the quality of the final software products. However, there is a lack of approaches that provide a suitable solution to support the interoperability in MDD processes. Moreover, the proposals that define an interoperability framework for MDD processes are still in a theoretical space and are not aligned with current standards, interoperability approaches, and technologies. Thus, the main objective of this doctoral thesis is to develop an approach to achieve the interoperability in MDD processes. This interoperability approach is based on current metamodeling standards, modeling language customization mechanisms, and model-to-model transformation technologies. To achieve this objective, novel approaches have been defined to improve the integration of modeling languages, to obtain a suitable interchange of modeling information, and to perform automatic interoperability verification. / Giachetti Herrera, GA. (2011). Supporting Automatic Interoperability in Model-Driven Development Processes [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/11108