Dans ce travail de thèse, la commande sans modèle a tout d'abord été appliquée et adaptée au cas des systèmes présentant un retard connu ou inconnu. Cette méthode de commande ne nécessitant pas la connaissance précise d'un modèle du système, elle trouve toute son efficacité dans l'appréhension de retards inconnus. Différentes adaptations de l'approche classique, reposant sur la minimisation de critères temporels et fréquentiels, ont été proposées suivant le contexte d'un retard connu, borné ou inconnu. Elles nous ont permis d'élargir le spectre des systèmes considérés et d'améliorer les performances intrinsèques de la commande sans modèle. Les systèmes retardés, qui sont la cible privilégiée de ce travail, ont pu bénéficier de ces améliorations. Le problème du diagnostic des systèmes à retard a ensuite été abordé. Une nouvelle méthode de diagnostic sans modèle a été proposée, fondée sur les principes mêmes de la commande sans modèle. Cette proposition s'appuie sur la seule évolution temporelle des signaux entrée/sortie du système. Par la génération de signaux résiduels, la détection et la localisation de défauts d'actionneurs et du système est assurée sous certaines hypothèses. Finalement, nous avons montré en quoi la commande sans modèle s'apparente à une commande tolérante aux défauts et son efficacité en tant que telle a été prouvée. Une différence importante est à souligner par comparaison à d'autres commandes plus classiques, de type PI par exemple. En effet, la commande sans modèle est non seulement robuste à des signaux perturbateurs basses fréquences en entrée, à l'identique d'une structure PI classique, mais elle permet également de rejeter d’autres types de signaux révélateurs de défauts via l’estimation de certains paramètres de synthèse. Tout au long du mémoire, l'efficacité des approches proposées en commande et en diagnostic est perçue au travers d'exemples académiques / In this thesis, the model-free control was applied and adapted to delayed systems whose delay is either known or unknown. This method of control does not require the specific knowledge of a model of the system, it finds all its effectiveness in the apprehension of the unknown delays. Different adaptations of the classical approach, based on the minimization of frequency and temporal criteria, have been proposed in the context of a known, bounded or unknown delay. They allowed us to extend the range of systems considered and to improve the intrinsic performance of the model-free control. The delayed systems, which are the main target of this thesis, were able to benefit from these improvements. The problem of the fault-diagnosis of delayed systems was then addressed. A new method of model-free diagnosis has been proposed, based on model-free control principles. Our proposal only uses the temporal evolution of the system's input and output signals. Due to the generation of residual signals, the detection and localization of actuator/system faults were permitted under certain assumptions. Finally, we have studied the fault-tolerance properties of model-free control and its efficacy has been proven. Compared with more conventional methods, such as the PI Controller for example, a notable difference is to be mentioned. Indeed, unlike a PI controller, the model-free control is robust not only to low-frequency input disturbance signals, but it also allows for the rejection of other signal types by estimating summary parameters. Throughout this report, the effectiveness of the proposed approaches was illustrated in terms of control or diagnosis by multiple academic examples

Devido à crescente demanda por energia elétrica na sociedade atual e o potencial congestionamento dos sistemas de transmissão, os aspectos de segurança no fornecimento de energia, de confiabilidade e da estabilidade dos sistemas elétricos de potência tornam-se cada vez mais prementes. Considerando o tamanho e complexidade crescentes e o seu uso em situações limites, os estudos e avaliações do SEP (Sistema Elétrico de Potência) demandam considerável poder computacional, além de utilização de modelos matemáticos para os diversos equipamentos que o compõe. Necessária, portanto, tanto a representação correta do SEP com as interligações (topologia da rede elétrica) de seus elementos constituintes, quanto a exatidão dos modelos matemáticos dos geradores, estabilizadores, compensadores, transformadores e linhas de transmissão, dentre outros equipamentos. A proposta deste trabalho é a definição de uma metodologia para análise e estudo do SEP que independa: dos modelos matemáticos dos equipamentos, do conhecimento prévio da topologia da rede elétrica e dos equivalentes adotados para as redes externas (de outras empresas). A metodologia é uma abordagem Model-Free no sentido em que busca a partir das informações aquisitadas do processo elétrico, determinar o comportamento do SEP, de modo totalmente independente dos modelos matemáticos dos equipamentos, do conhecimento prévio da sua topologia e da existência ou não de redes externas. A metodologia fornece informações quanto à instabilidade do SEP, ao identificar \"assinaturas\" caraterísticas da evolução de seu comportamento, seja em operação normal ou sob contingências, as quais podem ou não resultar em uma condição de instabilidade do mesmo. As assinaturas são identificadas ao se analisar o comportamento das tensões das barras do SEP, dentro de uma abordagem Fuzzy que classifica as barras coerentes em tensão. A dinâmica do estado operacional do SEP é, então, obtida à partir do comportamento desta classificação. / Due to the growing demand for electric power in today\'s society and the potential congestion of transmission systems, security aspects in power supply, reliability and stability of power systems are becoming more and more pressing. Considering the increasing size and complexity and its use in limit situations, the studies and evaluations of the EPS (Electrical Power System) require considerable computational power, as well as the use of mathematical models for the various equipment that compose it. Therefore, it is necessary the correct representation of the EPS with the interconnections (topology of the electrical network) of its constituent elements, as well as the accuracy of the mathematical models of generators, stabilizers, compensators, transformers and transmission lines, among other equipment. The purpose of this work is the definition of a methodology for the analysis and study of EPS, independent of: mathematical models of the equipment, previous knowledge of the topology of the electrical network and the equivalents adopted for the extern networks (of other companies). The methodology is a Model-Free approach in the sense that it searches from the acquired information of the electrical process, to determine the behavior of the EPS, totally independently of the mathematical models of the equipment, the previous knowledge of its topology and the existence or not of external networks. The methodology provides information on the instability of the EPS by identifying \"signatures\" characteristic of the evolution of its behavior, whether in normal operation or under contingencies, which may or may not result in a condition of instability of the same. The signatures are identified by analyzing the behavior of the EPS busbar voltages, within a Fuzzy approach that classifies the coherent buses into voltage. The dynamics of the operational state of the EPS is then obtained from the behavior of this classification.

Devido à crescente demanda por energia elétrica na sociedade atual e o potencial congestionamento dos sistemas de transmissão, os aspectos de segurança no fornecimento de energia, de confiabilidade e da estabilidade dos sistemas elétricos de potência tornam-se cada vez mais prementes. Considerando o tamanho e complexidade crescentes e o seu uso em situações limites, os estudos e avaliações do SEP (Sistema Elétrico de Potência) demandam considerável poder computacional, além de utilização de modelos matemáticos para os diversos equipamentos que o compõe. Necessária, portanto, tanto a representação correta do SEP com as interligações (topologia da rede elétrica) de seus elementos constituintes, quanto a exatidão dos modelos matemáticos dos geradores, estabilizadores, compensadores, transformadores e linhas de transmissão, dentre outros equipamentos. A proposta deste trabalho é a definição de uma metodologia para análise e estudo do SEP que independa: dos modelos matemáticos dos equipamentos, do conhecimento prévio da topologia da rede elétrica e dos equivalentes adotados para as redes externas (de outras empresas). A metodologia é uma abordagem Model-Free no sentido em que busca a partir das informações aquisitadas do processo elétrico, determinar o comportamento do SEP, de modo totalmente independente dos modelos matemáticos dos equipamentos, do conhecimento prévio da sua topologia e da existência ou não de redes externas. A metodologia fornece informações quanto à instabilidade do SEP, ao identificar \"assinaturas\" caraterísticas da evolução de seu comportamento, seja em operação normal ou sob contingências, as quais podem ou não resultar em uma condição de instabilidade do mesmo. As assinaturas são identificadas ao se analisar o comportamento das tensões das barras do SEP, dentro de uma abordagem Fuzzy que classifica as barras coerentes em tensão. A dinâmica do estado operacional do SEP é, então, obtida à partir do comportamento desta classificação. / Due to the growing demand for electric power in today\'s society and the potential congestion of transmission systems, security aspects in power supply, reliability and stability of power systems are becoming more and more pressing. Considering the increasing size and complexity and its use in limit situations, the studies and evaluations of the EPS (Electrical Power System) require considerable computational power, as well as the use of mathematical models for the various equipment that compose it. Therefore, it is necessary the correct representation of the EPS with the interconnections (topology of the electrical network) of its constituent elements, as well as the accuracy of the mathematical models of generators, stabilizers, compensators, transformers and transmission lines, among other equipment. The purpose of this work is the definition of a methodology for the analysis and study of EPS, independent of: mathematical models of the equipment, previous knowledge of the topology of the electrical network and the equivalents adopted for the extern networks (of other companies). The methodology is a Model-Free approach in the sense that it searches from the acquired information of the electrical process, to determine the behavior of the EPS, totally independently of the mathematical models of the equipment, the previous knowledge of its topology and the existence or not of external networks. The methodology provides information on the instability of the EPS by identifying \"signatures\" characteristic of the evolution of its behavior, whether in normal operation or under contingencies, which may or may not result in a condition of instability of the same. The signatures are identified by analyzing the behavior of the EPS busbar voltages, within a Fuzzy approach that classifies the coherent buses into voltage. The dynamics of the operational state of the EPS is then obtained from the behavior of this classification.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第19125号 / 情博第571号 / 新制||情||100 / 32076 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科システム科学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉江 俊治, 教授 石井 信, 教授 加納 学, 准教授 東 俊一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

In the past decades, a great variety of model fitting and model free (isoconversional) methods have been developed for extracting kinetic parameters for solid state reactions from thermally stimulated experimental data (TGA, DSC, DTA etc.). However, these methods have met with significant controversies about their methodologies. Firstly, model-fitting methods have been strongly criticized because almost any reaction mechanism can be used to fit the experimental data satisfactorily with drastic variations of the kinetic parameters, and no good criterion exists to tell which mechanism is the best choice. Secondly, previous model free methods originated from the isoconversional principle, which is often called the basic assumption; previous studies comparing the accuracy of model free methods have not paid attention to the influence of the principle on model free methods and, therefore, their conclusions are problematic. This work gives, firstly, a critical study of previous methods for evaluating kinetic parameters of solid state reactions and a critical analysis of the isoconversional principle of model free methods. Then an analysis is given of the invariant kinetic parameters method and recommends an incremental version of it. Based on the incremental method and model free method, a comprehensive method is proposed that predicts the degree of the dependences of activation energy on heating programs, and obtains reliable kinetic parameters. In addition, this work also compares the accuracy of previous methods and gives recommendations to apply them to kinetic studies.

This work addresses the design and real-time implementation of adaptive control strategies on the parabolic solar collector to enhance the production efficiency under varying working conditions. For example, the unpredictable variations of the solar irradiance and thermal losses, these factors can be a major problem in the control design. The control objective is to force the outlet temperature of the collector fluid, to track a predefined reference temperature regardless of the environmental changes. In this work, two control strategies have been designed and analyzed. First, an intelligent proportional-integral feedback control, which combines the proportionalintegral feedback control with an ultra-local model is proposed. This strategy uses a transfer function model that has been derived and identified from real-time data and used to test the controller performance. Second, an adaptive nonlinear control using Lyapunov stability theory combined with the phenomenological representation of the system is introduced. This strategy uses a bilinear model derived from the heat transfer equation. Both control strategies showed good performance in the simulations with respect to the convergence time and tracking accuracy. Besides, the conventional proportional-integral controller has been successfully implemented in the real system.

No description available.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第19125号 / 情博第571号 / 新制||情||100(附属図書館) / 32076 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科システム科学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉江 俊治, 教授 石井 信, 教授 加納 学, 准教授 東 俊一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第19337号 / 情博第589号 / 新制||情||103(附属図書館) / 32339 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 松山 隆司, 教授 美濃 導彦, 准教授 中澤 篤志, 講師 延原 章平, / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Multilevel inverters (MLI) have been widely applied in medium and high voltage applications for their advantages in high quality of output waveforms. Among various multilevel topologies, cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverters have attracted more attentions for its modular structure, which simplifies the design and implementation. In addition, the modularity of CHB also expands diverse power ratings without many changes in the hardware setup. In a CHB inverter, the AC output voltage can be produced at different voltage levels depending on the number power cells that are cascaded at the output. To produce the AC output voltage, different modulation schemes and control algorithms have been studied and applied to the CHB inverter. Model predictive control (MPC) has been widely employed among all control algorithms in multilevel topologies due to their advantages such as good dynamic performance, multiple control targets, inclusion of nonlinearity, and flexibility to add more performance objectives. However, one disadvantage of the MPC is that the switching frequency is variable compared with other modulation schemes. Therefore, a new MPC method called modulated model predictive control (M2PC) has been researched to obtain a fixed switching frequency, which improves the harmonic spectrum of load currents and simplifies the filter design. In the modulated model predictive control, the mathematical model is obtained by electrical model of the system. It means that the operation of the M2PC algorithm relies on the accuracy of the given parameters and model. If there is an error in parameters and model, the performance of the control will be affected negatively. To solve this problem, modulated model-free predictive control (M2FPC) algorithm has been introduced. With this method, the mathematical model is established with measured values instead of given values and model. Reliability is one of the most important issues in the design of power converters. However, the failure of power switches will lead to the distortion of load currents and voltage waveforms. Also, the distortion in load currents and voltage waveforms causes power imbalance between faulty and healthy phases. To reduce the negative effects of IGBT failure in power converters, the faulty power cells should be found and isolated. Therefore, fault detection and localization algorithm (FDL) should be introduced to detect the fault in power converters and localize the faulty power switches. FDL algorithm based on the given M2PC scheme is proposed in this thesis for the CHB inverter to make the system more reliable. The FDL algorithm utilizes the phase voltages and load currents to detect the open fault in the CHB inverter and localize the single and multiple open switches by measuring the expected and actual phase voltages. With the faulty information, the faulty power cell can be isolated, and the fault-tolerant control can be applied to make the system work normally even though there is an open fault. In this thesis, without losing the generality, a seven-level CHB inverter is considered where there are three power cells in each phase. The M2PC algorithm was introduced to obtain the fixed switching frequency with the design of possible voltage vector set and carrier phase-shifting modulation. Based on the proposed M2PC algorithm, the FDL algorithm is designed to detect and localize the open switches to improve the system reliability. The theoretical analysis and simulation results validate the feasibility of the proposed M2PC algorithms and open fault diagnosis scheme. All possible open-circuit scenarios in power cells are discussed and the M2PC-based FDL algorithm has been verified. Experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed M2PC. The experimental result of M2PC algorithm is presented to verify its operation. Also, diverse open scenarios can be diagnosed in the experiments. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)