182f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-03-20T16:44:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese%20Amabilis%20seg.pdf: 6694971 bytes, checksum: 4f93ee15b411e7cd40358a8511f8d815 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ednaide Gondim Magalhães(ednaide@ufba.br) on 2013-04-10T13:53:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese%20Amabilis%20seg.pdf: 6694971 bytes, checksum: 4f93ee15b411e7cd40358a8511f8d815 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-10T13:53:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese%20Amabilis%20seg.pdf: 6694971 bytes, checksum: 4f93ee15b411e7cd40358a8511f8d815 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A presente pesquisa se propõe a pensar nas relações do figurino com o corpo, assinalando duas perspectivas para a noção de persona: aquela derivada da idéia de um personagem espírito (fantasma), pré-existente em forma de literatura, e o figurino como sendo seu corpo; e outra em que o personagem-espírito se manifesta no figurino e no corpo-atuante conjuntamente. Sublinha-se esta segunda relação, híbrida, grotesca, que funde humano/inumano, arte/vida, por representar um primeiro passo para as noções futuras de presentificação do corpo. A matéria do figurino como um incômodo para o corpo, e que além de cobri-lo, o penetra, perfura, marcheta ou o invade, é também um topos de criação. Assim, a desestabilização das hierarquias entre os elementos da cena ganha outro sentido. Não se trata somente de garantir ao figurino uma participação como signo, senão de confiar a este elemento a função de colaborar na promoção de estados diferenciados do corpo, considerando-o como integrante do processo inicial da cena. O debate filosófico sobre as questões da alma/corpo servem como aporte, dando sustento às discussões ligadas à subjetividade. Os estudos voltados para a Body Modification e a Body Hacking aparecem como exponenciais quando apontam o corpo invadido como lugar de colisões, do devir, do auto-controle, e o lugar da transgressão, do destino a ser traçado; por isso mesmo, o lugar das novas subjetividades. Os estudos de caso indicam que a utilização do figurino-penetrante estabelece outros procedimentos, interferindo na estruturação e entendimento da cena, e exigindo a desestabilização das hierarquias. / Salvador

Stable RNAs undergo a wide variety of post-transcriptional modifications, that add to the functional repertoire of these molecules. Some of these modifications are catalyzed by stand-alone protein enzymes, while some others are catalyzed by RNA-protein complexes. tRNAs from all domains of life contain many such modifications, that increase their structural stability and refine their decoding properties. Certain regions of tRNAs are more frequently modified than others. Two such regions are the anticodon loop, and the TψC stem. In the halophilic euryarchaeon Haloferax volcanii, tRNATrp and tRNAMet, both of which are transcribed as intron-containing pre-tRNA forms, contain Cm34 and ψ54, in addition to other modifications, in these two regions, respectively. The Cm34 modification in both cases is RNP-mediated: tRNATrp Cm34 formation being guided by its own intron, while that of tRNAMet being guided by a unique guide RNA called sR-tMet. We created genomic deletion of H. volcanii tRNATrp intron by homologous recombination based technique, and showed that this strain is viable, and does not demonstrate any observable growth phenotype. However, the corresponding modifications are absent in this intron-deleted strain. Our structural and functional characterizations of sR-tMet revealed that it is unique in its structural properties and deviates considerably from its homologs in other Archaea. We also identified a novel L7Ae (a core protein associated with archaeal methylation guide RNPs) binding motif in sR-tMet. ψ54, the near universal modification found in TψC stem-loop of archaeal tRNAs is catalyzed by the protein Pus10. An earlier study from our laboratory had shown that Pus10 from two different archaea, Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (MjPus10) and Pyrococcus furiosus (PfuPus10) have differential activities towards ψ54 formation. Using the crystal structure of Human Pus10 as template, we created homology models of MjPus10 and PfuPus10 proteins and identified several residues and motifs that might lead to this difference in activity. By a combination of both in vitro and in vivo mutational approaches, we confirmed several previously unidentified residues/motifs that serve as positive determinants of tRNA ψ54 formation. Finally, as an extension to this study, we have identified a novel tRNA ψ54 forming activity in mammalian nuclear extracts, and attributed this activity to Pus10.

Au cours de cette étude, une méthode inédite de fonctionnalisation chimique de la matière lignocellulosique a été développée. Des groupes acyles de taille et de fonctionnalité variées ont ainsi été greffés à l’intérieur du bois, grâce à une réaction de transestérification entre les esters d’énol et les groupes hydroxyles des polymères lignocellulosiques. Les greffages ont été confirmés grâce aux spectroscopies infrarouge et RMN du 13C en phase solide. La stabilité dimensionnelle du bois acétylé à partir de l’acétate de vinyle ainsi que sa résistance aux attaques fongiques a été également évaluée, de même que la photostabilité du bois estérifié à partir des esters de vinyle aromatiques. / Abstract

In this study, two different strategies were carried out to modify the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) distillation membrane for desalination. The first strategy was the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles into the target membranes and a synergistic effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanoparticles was found for the first time in this work. And the other strategy was the introduction of another polymer material, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), to the PVDF membranes to fabricate a flat sheet PVDF-PTFE composite membrane and this is the first attempt that such a membrane to be made. Two types of membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) detection, porosity measurement, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle (CA) measurement, atomic force spectroscopy (AFM) detection and liquid entry pressure of water (LEPw) measurement. Their performance was evaluated by vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) experiments. And the best VMD pure water permeate flux of the membranes fabricated under these two modify strategies could achieve 4.26 kg/m2h (M-L5-B2) and 5.61 kg/m2h (M-40), respectively, when that of pure PVDF membrane is only 0.71 kg/m2h. The salt rejection of the prepared composite membranes are all stably higher than 99.5% which demonstrate their capacity for desalination.

This thesis explores the role of mood in adherence to changes in behaviour required for weight maintenance following weight loss in an obese sample. Significant increases in physical activity are necessary for successful weight maintenance, yet this change in lifestyle remains challenging for many. Anecdotally, the importance of being in the 'right mood' to make lifestyle changes is frequently reported. A systematic review of the weight maintenance literature revealed that a number of behaviour change techniques were associated with effective weight maintenance interventions. Therefore, the current randomised control study employed relevant behaviour change techniques within two goal setting interventions to improve either daily steps walked or mood compared to a control group in a weight loss programme cohort. The number of daily steps walked and mood were evaluated and the following questions were addressed: 1) In an obese population enrolled in a weight loss programme, do goal-setting interventions increase the number of steps walked compared to those in a control group? 2) Does the mood score differ for those participants in the mood improvement intervention group compared to those in the steps-walked intervention or control groups? 3) Does weight change differ for those individuals who have shown mood improvement compared to those whose mood is unchanged/worsened? The primary outcomes of steps walked, mood and weight were recorded immediately after intervention and again after unsupervised follow up 6-months later. The results showed that all groups increased the number of steps walked but not significantly so. This increase was greatest for the steps-walked group during the active intervention period but greatest for the mood intervention group during the unsupervised follow-up period. Mood improved significantly for all groups and was associated with significantly increased weight loss at follow-up. A trend for increased steps walked being associated with improved mood was observed in the 6-month follow up period. These findings highlight the links between mood and continued participation in lifestyle behaviour changes required for weight maintenance. Future research priorities are outlined for this field.

Preventive dental programs designed to reduce the incidence of gingivitis and periodontal disease have met with only limited success. The advent of behavioural technology offered a possible application to this problem. The present study examined the effects of two behavioural techniques, the Premack Principle and self-monitoring, on the maintenance of preventive dental health behaviour. Experiment 1 attempted to determine the validity of the Premack Principle using both toothbrushing and flossing as instrumental and contingent responses. Twelve female students of a dental assisting instructional program were exposed to various baseline and contingency conditions of brushing and flossing, daily for 11 weeks, according to a single-subject reversal design. When access to the contingent response was prevented, six of the twelve subjects showed a reliable increase in instrumental responding. Compared to baseline performance, six of seven subjects and four of twelve subjects evidenced reinforcement effects due to a contingency which allowed unlimited and. limited access, respectively, to the contingent response. However, increases in instrumental responding observed during these conditions failed to surpass those observed when access to contingent responding was prevented, in all but three subjects. These results would suggest that many observed increases in instrumental responding which are often cited as evidence supporting the Premack Principle may be due in fact simply to the unavailability of the contingent response. Additional theoretical implications of these findings were discussed. Experiment 2 factorially compared two levels of the Premack Principle (contingency vs. no contingency between flossing and brushing) with three levels of self-monitoring (no SM, SM-frequency, and SM-frequency plus evaluation). Ninety first and second year university student volunteers were assigned to one of six treatment groups. Instruction in brushing and flossing technique as well as application of the appropriate experimental manipulation was provided in two instructional sessions. Subjects' oral hygiene was assessed according to a gingival index and a plaque index before, one month following, and seven months following instruction.. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed only a significant Assessment effect. All treatment groups showed an equivalent large degree of improvement in oral hygiene from pre- to one month postinstruction. Improved plaque scores were maintained over the six-month follow-up period; gingival scores, however, were not. A no-treatment control group differed from the six treatment groups only at the one-month postinstructional assessment. These results show.that instructions to implement a contingency between flossing and brushing, and different levels of self-monitoring, failed to augment the short-term gains in oral hygiene produced by instruction in brushing and flossing technique per se. None of the experimental components differentially contributed to maintenance. A third and final experiment examined the effect of the Premack Principle on the maintenance of.effective brushing and flossing within a private dental clinic. Thirty dental patients were alternately assigned to an experimental Premack Principle group or a control group. Subjects of both groups received two sessions of individualized instruction in oral hygiene techniques. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed only a significant Assessment effect, from pre-to three months postinstruction, only for plaque, but not gingival, scores. Instructions to impose a contingency between flossing and brushing failed to produce an effect. The results of this study demonstrated that neither self-monitoring nor instructions to impose a contingency between flossing and brushing contributed to the maintenance of effective oral hygiene behaviour. Self-management programs must become more concerned with the issue of maintenance, particularly following cessation of experimental or therapeutic contact. Implications for maintenance strategies were discussed. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

Ces vingt dernières années, les réactions d'insertion d'atomes ou de fragments moléculaires dans des liaisons C-H peu réactives ont fait l'objet de nombreuses études sans que les mécanismes de ces réactions aient pu être établis. Les enzymes de la superfamille « Radical-SAM » catalysent l'activation de leur substrat en utilisant un centre [4Fe-4S] et le co-substrat S-adénosylméthionine (SAM). Les enzymes d'insertion radicalaire constituent un sous-groupe de cette famille et contiennent un second centre fer-soufre impliqué, lui, dans l'activation du deuxième substrat rendant ainsi possible la réaction d'insertion par couplage radicalaire. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse concerne deux de ces enzymes, la première, RimO, est une méthylthiotransférase (MTTase) qui catalyse l'insertion d'un groupement thiométhyle en beta du résidu D89 de la protéine ribosomale S12 (β-ms-D89-S12). La seconde TYW1 ou 4-demethylwyosine synthase catalyse l'insertion d'un groupement acétyle dérivé du pyruvate dans une liaison C-H d'un groupement N-CH3 appartenant à une guanine spécifique de certains ARNt eucaryotes. Cette réaction d'insertion est suivie d'une cyclisation conduisant en plusieurs étapes à la wybutosine (yW), une base tricyclique importante pour la fidélité traductionnelle de la cellule. Dans ce travail il a été montré que les deux centres de cette famille d'enzyme coopèrent pour ces réactions et contrôlent l'utilisation des différents acteurs par des mécanismes redox originaux. / Over the last twenty years, the insertion reactions of atoms or molecular fragments into poorly reactive C-H bonds have been actively investigated but the details of their mechanisms remain largely unknown. Enzymes belonging to the "Radical-SAM" superfamily catalyze the activation of their substrate using a [4Fe-4S] in conjunction with the co-substrate S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Radical insertion enzymes are a subgroup of this family and contain a second iron-sulfur cluster involved in the activation of the second substrate allowing the insertion reaction by radical coupling to take place. The work presented in this thesis is focusing on two enzymes, the first one, RimO is a methylthiotransferase (MTTase) that catalyzes the insertion of a thiomethyl group on the beta position of D89 residue of the ribosomal protein S12 (β-ms-D89-S12). The second one, TYW1, or 4-demethylwyosine synthase, catalyzes the insertion of the acetyl moiety of pyruvate into a C-H bond of a N-methyl group of a guanine derivative in some eukaryotic and archeal tRNAs. This insertion reaction leads to the formation of a tricyclic ring and through several steps to wybutosine (yW), a hypermodified nucleotide important for the translational fidelity of the cell. In this work we demonstrate that these radical inserting enzymes utilize the two iron-sulfur clusters to cooperate and that they control the different partners of the reaction by original redox mechanisms.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22746号 / 医博第4664号 / 新制||医||1047(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 武藤 学, 教授 小川 誠司, 教授 川口 義弥 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Recently, experimental observations have shown that radar echoes from the irregularity<br />source region associated with mesospheric dusty space plasmas may be modulated by radio wave heating with ground-based ionospheric heating facilities. These experiments show great promise as a diagnostic for the associated dusty plasma in the Near-Earth Space Environment which is believed to have links to global change. This provides an alternative to more complicated and costly space-based observational approaches to investigating these layers. This dissertation seeks to develop new analytical and computational models to investigate fundamental physics of the associated dusty plasmas as well as utilize experimental observations during High Frequency HF ground-based heating experiments to develop practical techniques for diagnosing these dusty plasma layers.<br />The dependency of the backscattered signal strength (i.e. Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes PMSEs) after the turn-on and turn-off of the radio wave heating on the radar frequency is an unique phenomenon that can shed light on the unresolved issues associated with the basic physics of the natural charged mesospheric dust layer. The physical process after turn-on and turn-off of radio wave heating is explained by competing ambipolar diffusion and dust charging processes. The threshold radar frequency and dust parameters for the enhancement or suppression of radar echoes after radio wave heating turn-on are investigated for measured mesospheric plasma parameters. The effect of parameters such as the electron temperature enhancement during radiowave heating, dust density, dust charge polarity, ion-neutral collision frequency, electron density and dust radius<br />on the temporal evolution of electron irregularities associated with PMSE is investigated.<br />The possibility of observing the turn-on overshoot (enhancement of radar echoes after the<br />radiowave turn-on) in the high frequency HF radar band is discussed based on typical mesospheric<br />parameters. It has been shown that predicted enhancement of electron irregularity<br />amplitude after heater turn-on at HF band is the direct manifestation of the dust charging<br />process in the space. Therefore further active experiments of PMSEs should be pursued<br />at HF band to illuminate the fundamental charging physics in the space environment to<br />provide more insight on this unique medium. Preliminary observation results of HF PMSE<br />heating experiment with the new 7.9 MHz radar at the European Incoherent Scatter EISCAT<br />facility appear promising for the existence of PMSE turn-on overshoot. Therefore, future<br />experimental campaigns are planned to validate these predictions.<br />Computational results are used to make predictions for PMSE active modification experiments at 7.9, 56, 139, 224 and 930MHz corresponding to existing ionospheric heating facilities. Data from a 2009 very high frequency VHF (224 MHz) experiment at EISCAT<br />is compared with the computational model to obtain dust parameters in the PMSE. The<br />estimated dust parameters as a result of these comparison show very reasonable agreement to dust radius and density at PMSE altitudes measured during a recent rocket experiment providing validation to the computational model.<br /><br />The first comprehensive analytical model for the temporal evolution of PMSE after heater<br />turn-on is developed and compared to a more accurate computational model as a reference.<br />It is shown that active PMSE heating experiments involving multiple observing frequencies<br />at 7.9 (HF), 56, and 224 MHz (VHF) may contribute further diagnostic capabilities since<br />the temporal evolution of radar echoes is substantially different for these frequency ranges.<br />It is shown that conducting PMSE active experiments at HF and VHF band simultaneously<br />may allow estimation of the dust density altitude profile, dust charge state variation during<br />the heating cycle, and ratio of electron temperature enhancement in the irregularity source<br />region. These theoretical and computational models are extended to study basic physics of the evolution of relevant dusty plasma instabilities thought to play an important role in irregularity production in mesospheric dust layers. A key focus is the boundary layer of these charged dust clouds. Several aspects of the cloud\'s structure (thickness of boundary layer, average particle size and density, collisional processes, and cloud expansion speed) and the ambient plasma are varied to determine the effect of these quantities on the resulting irregularities.<br />It was shown that for high collision frequencies, the waves may be very weakly excited (or<br />even quenched) and confined to the boundary layer. The excited dust acoustic waves inside<br />the dust cloud with frequency range of 7-15Hz and in the presence of electron bite-outs is<br />consistent with measured low frequency waves near 10 Hz by sounding rocket experiments<br />over the past decade. The observed radar echoes associated with the artificially created dust<br />clouds at higher altitudes in the ionosphere including space shuttle exhaust and upcoming<br />active space experiments in which localized dust layers will be created by sounding rockets<br />could be related to the excited acoustic waves predicted.<br />Finally, variation of spatial structures of plasma and dust (ice) irregularities in the PMSE<br />source region in the presence of positively charged dust particles is investigated. The correlation and anti-correlation of fluctuations in the electron and ion densities in the background plasma are studied considering the presence of positive dust particle formation. Recent rocket payloads have studied the properties of aerosol particles within the ambient plasma environment in the polar mesopause region and measured the signature of the positively charged particles with number densities of (2000 cm"3) for particles of 0.5-1 nm in radius.<br />The measurement of significant numbers of positively charged aerosol particles is unexpected from the standard theory of aerosol charging in plasma. Nucleation on the cluster ions is one of the most probable hypotheses for the positive charge on the smallest particles. The utility being that it may provide a test for determining the presence of positive dust particles.<br />The results of the model described show good agreement with observed rocket data. As an<br />application, the model is also applied to investigate the electron irregularity behavior during<br />radiowave heating assuming the presence of positive dust particles. It is shown that the<br />positive dust produces important changes in the behavior during Polar Mesospheric Summer Echo PMSE heating experiments that can be described by the fluctuation correlation and anti-correlation properties.<br />The second part of this dissertation is dedicated to Stimulated Electromagnetic Emissions SEEs produced by interaction of high power electromagnetic waves in the ionosphere. Nearearth ionospheric plasma presets a neutral laboratory for investigation of nonlinear wave phenomena in plasma which can not be studied in the laboratory environment due to the effect of physical boundary conditions. This process has been of great interest due to the<br />important diagnostic possibilities involving ability to determine mass of constitutive ions in<br />the interaction region through measurements of various gyro-frequencies. Objectives include<br />the consideration of the variation of the spectral behavior under pump power, proximity to<br />the gyro-harmonic frequency, and beam angle. Also, the relationship between such spectral<br />features and electron acceleration and creation of plasma irregularities was an important<br />focus.<br />Secondary electromagnetic waves excited by high power electromagnetic waves transmitted<br />into the ionosphere, commonly know as Stimulated Electromagnetic Emissions SEEs,<br />produced through Magnetized Stimulated Brillouin Scatter MSBS are investigated. Data<br />from two recent research campaigns at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program<br />facility HAARP is presented in this work. These experiments have provided additional<br />quantitative interpretation of the SEE spectrum produced by MSBS to yield diagnostic measurements of the electron temperature in the heated ionosphere. SEE spectral emission lines corresponding to ion acoustic IA and electrostatic ion cyclotron EIC modes were observed with a shift in frequency up to a few tens of Hz from radio waves transmitted near the third harmonic of the electron gyro-frequency 3fce. The threshold of each emission line has been measured by changing the pump wave amplitude. The experimental results aimed to show the threshold for transmitter power to excite IA waves propagating along the magnetic field lines as well as for EIC waves excited at oblique angles relative to the background magnetic field. A full wave solution has been used to estimate the amplitude of the electric field at the interaction altitude. The estimated growth rate using the theoretical model is compared with the threshold of MSBS lines in the experiment and possible diagnostic information for the background ionospheric plasmas is discussed. Simultaneous formation of artificial field aligned irregularities FAIs and suppression of the MSBS process is investigated. Recently, there has been significant interest in ion gyro-harmonic structuring the Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission SEE spectrum due to the potential for new diagnostic information available about the heated volume and ancillary processes such as creation of artificial ionization layers. These relatively recently discovered emission lines have almost exclusively been studied for second electron gyro-harmonic heating. The first extensive systematic investigations of the possibility of these spectral features for third electron gyro-harmonic heating are provided here. Discrete spectral features shifted from the transmit frequency ordered by harmonics of the ion gyro-frequency were observed for third electron gyro-harmonic heating for the first time at a recent campaign at a High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program Facility HAARP. These features were also closely correlated with a broader band feature at a larger frequency shift from the transmit frequency known as the Downshifted Peak DP. The power threshold of these spectral features was measured, as well as their behavior with heater<br />beam angle, and proximity of the transmit frequency to the third electron gyro-harmonic frequency. Comparisons were also made with similar spectral features observed during 2nd<br />electron gyro-harmonic heating during the same campaign. A theoretical model is provided<br />that interprets these spectral features as resulting from parametric decay instabilities in<br />which the pump field ultimately decays into high frequency upper hybrid/electron Bernstein<br />and low frequency neutralized ion Bernstein IB and/or obliquely propagating ion acoustic<br />waves at the upper hybrid interaction altitude. Coordinated optical and SEE observations<br />were carried out in order to provide a better understanding of electron acceleration and precipitation<br />processes. Optical emissions were observed associated with SEE gyro-harmonic<br />features for pump heating near the second electron gyro-harmonic during the campaign. The<br />observations affirm strong correlation between the gyro-structures and the airglow. / Ph. D.

This thesis focuses on the analysis of the current state and proposal for modifications of information system for a company in construction business. First part introduces basic terms from the field of ICT, second part describes analyzes of current state of company’s ICT and the last chapter focuses on proposal for modifications of current ICT that are based on results of previous analyzes.