The presented dissertation thesis deals with modular design of analog circuits in CMOS technology. The goal of the work is to design a set of modular microelectronic building blocks and realize the selected modern active circuits, working primarily in current mode. Nevertheless, the modular approach can be used for design of generally known classical elements, e.g. opamps, as well. As a part of the work, the development of the totally new highly versatile active circuit CCTA has been done, including detailed analysis of utilization and introduction of the most interesting applications. This circuit CCTA, together with relative, already theoretically treated circuit CDTA, has been realized here for the first time, in two different topologies. Final circuits were tested. On the basis of measurement results the library of behavioral models for PSpice was created, including exemplary simulations of the selected applications. Based on the obtained knowledge the brief comparison of voltage mode circuits and current mode circuits was done.

The heterogeneity of the environments as well as the diversity of patients' needs and profiles are major constraints that challenge the spread of ambient assistive living (AAL) systems. AAL environments are usually evolving by the introduction or the disappearance of sensors, devices and assistive services to respond to the evolution of patients' conditions and human needs. Therefore, a generic framework that is able to adapt to such dynamic environments and to integrate new sensors, devices and assistive services at runtime is required. Implementing such a dynamic aspect may produce an uncertainty derived from technical problems related to sensors reliability or network problems. Therefore, a notion of uncertain should be introduced in context representation and decision making in order to deal with this problem. During this thesis, I have developed a dynamic and extendible framework able to adapt to different environments and patients' needs. This was achieved based on my proposed approach of semantic Plug&Play mechanism. In order to handle the problem of uncertain information related to technical problems, I have proposed an approach for uncertainty measurement based on intrinsic characteristics of the sensors and their functional behaviors, then I have provided a model of semantic representation and reasoning under uncertainty coupled with the Dempster-Shafer Theory of evidence (DST) for decision making

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:38:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Pinotti.pdf: 2613359 bytes, checksum: 2102dc273398a9bfa8e51bb28b5fded1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work presents a method for embedded systems design based on the Supervisory Control Theory for Discrete-Event Systems. The method is composed of steps comprising the specification phase until the approval of the control system. The conception phase is based on the local modular approach for the synthesis of minimally restrictive supervisors that constrains the plant behavior by disabling controllable events and are nonblocking with respect to the set of marked states. The method also includes an implementation architecture for the supervisory control applied to microcontrollers to solve problems such as causality, choice and inexact synchronization. An interface concentrates all controllable and uncontrollable events generation. It deals with the choice problem when reduced supervisors are implemented, randomly choosing one controllable event among the possible ones. This dissertation also presents a tool developed for the automatic code generation of the proposed implementation structure. The main module code is generated to be independent of the number of supervisors and plant models, that is, is the same for any control application. The tool is used to obtain the control applied to a case study and also for the temperature control of a commercial refrigerator. The control system has been validated using the same tools applied for the validation of household appliances at Whirlpool Corporation / Neste trabalho é proposto um método de projeto para sistemas embarcados concebido com base na Teoria de Controle Supervisório de Sistemas a Eventos Discretos. O método é composto por etapas que vão desde a especificação até a aprovação do sistema de controle. A etapa de concepção do método utiliza da abordagem modular local para síntese de supervisores minimamente restritivos que limitam o comportamento da planta através da desabilitação de eventos controláveis e são não bloqueantes em relação ao conjunto de estados marcados. O método ainda inclui uma arquitetura de implementação do controle supervisório direcionada para microcontroladores, visando solucionar os problemas da causalidade, escolha e sincronização inexata. Uma interface é concebida para concentrar a geração de eventos controláveis e não controláveis. Apresenta-se uma solução para o problema da escolha quando são implementados supervisores reduzidos sendo tal escolha realizada de modo online definindo um evento controlável, entre os possíveis, de forma aleatória. Apresenta-se uma ferramenta desenvolvida para a geração de código baseada na estrutura de implementação proposta. O código do módulo principal é gerado de forma a ser independente do número de supervisores e modelos de planta envolvidos, sendo o mesmo para qualquer aplicação de controle. Utiliza-se a ferramenta para obtenção do código da lógica de controle em um estudo de caso e para a regulação de temperatura em um refrigerador comercial. A validação do controle é realizada utilizando-se de ferramentas aplicadas à validação de eletrodomésticos da linha branca na Whirlpool Eletrodomésticos.

L’hétérogénéité des environnements ainsi que la diversité des profils et des besoins des patients représentent des contraintes majeures qui remettent en question l’utilisation à grande échelle des systèmes d’assistance à l’autonomie à domicile (AAL). En effet, afin de répondre à l’évolution de l’état des patients et de leurs besoins humains, les environnements AAL sont en évolution continue par l’introduction ou la disparition de capteurs, de dispositifs d’interaction et de services d’assistance. Par conséquent, une plateforme générique et dynamique capable de s’adapter à différents environnements et d’intégrer de nouveaux capteurs, dispositifs d’interaction et services d’assistance est requise. La mise en œuvre d’un tel aspect dynamique peut produire une situation d’incertitude dérivée des problèmes techniques liés à la fiabilité des capteurs ou à des problèmes de réseau. Par conséquent, la notion d’incertitude doit être introduite dans la représentation de contexte et la prise de décision afin de faire face à ce problème. Au cours de cette thèse, j’ai développé une plateforme dynamique et extensible capable de s’adapter à différents environnements et aux besoins des patients. Ceci a été réalisé sur la base de l’approche Plug&Play sémantique que j’ai proposé. Afin de traiter le problème d’incertitude de l’information lié à des problèmes techniques, j’ai proposé une approche de mesure d’incertitude en utilisant les caractéristiques intrinsèques des capteurs et leurs comportements fonctionnels. J’ai aussi fourni un modèle de représentation sémantique et de raisonnement avec incertitude associé avec la théorie de Dempster-Shafer (DST) pour la prise de décision / The heterogeneity of the environments as well as the diversity of patients’ needs and profiles are major constraints that challenge the spread of ambient assistive living (AAL) systems. AAL environments are usually evolving by the introduction or the disappearance of sensors, devices and assistive services to respond to the evolution of patients’ conditions and human needs. Therefore, a generic framework that is able to adapt to such dynamic environments and to integrate new sensors, devices and assistive services at runtime is required. Implementing such a dynamic aspect may produce an uncertainty derived from technical problems related to sensors reliability or network problems. Therefore, a notion of uncertain should be introduced in context representation and decision making in order to deal with this problem. During this thesis, I have developed a dynamic and extendible framework able to adapt to different environments and patients’ needs. This was achieved based on my proposed approach of semantic Plug&Play mechanism. In order to handle the problem of uncertain information related to technical problems, I have proposed an approach for uncertainty measurement based on intrinsic characteristics of the sensors and their functional behaviors, then I have provided a model of semantic representation and reasoning under uncertainty coupled with the Dempster-Shafer Theory of evidence (DST) for decision making