To resolve the inflation caused by overheated economy in 1992, China executed Macroscopic Control Policy to stabilize the fluctuation of price standard in 1993. It seemed to achieve the effort of controlling inflation. However, because of longtime Macroscopic Control Policy after Asian Financial Crisis, it resulted in negative impacts. CPI in China has been minus quantity for 39 months from October in 1997 to December in 2000. And CPI turned plus into minus from April in 1998 to January in 2000. And CPI turned plus into minus from April in 1998 to January in 2000. The growth rate of RPI is -2.6% and that of CPI is -0.8% in 1998. It declined to -3.0%(RPI) and -1.4%(CPI) in 1999. The growth rate of GDP has fallen down since 1992. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the reason of the deflation late in 1990 in China. I want to find out why deflation was happened in china? What is the main cause of deflation in china? What are the impacts and shocks to china economic growth by these causes? How are the impacts and shocks to china economic growth by these causes? The whole supply and demand and money contraction resulted in the downfall of GDP and CPI. To prevent the phenomena of overheated economy since 1993, most of investment moved away China because of Macroscopic Control Policy. Under this kind of situation, we couldn¡¦t say that the investments were excess. Therefore, the main reason isn¡¦t prices dropping caused by too much supply. China continued Deflation Policy after Asian Financial Crisis in 1997, so the speed of economy development decreased slowly. It also reduced the whole consumption, public spending, investment export, and money supply and demand. The effect of negative development resulted in the deflation of economy development.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate Anti-Money laundry (AML) schemes of domestic banks and foreign banks by referencing findings from several professionals and scholars, and by analyzing AML policies domestically and internationally. Some commonly used methods of money laundry found in several case studies include: electronic fund transfer, opening joint account, collusion with foreign banks or bankers, forged import or export documents, etc. They all have the following characteristics: cash intensive, multiple transfer, disguise, or cross country and cross border. This study analyzes and confirms characteristics and commonly used methods of money laundry. This study also finds it important for bank staff to understand money laundry methods and characteristics in order to play the guarding role of AML and to prevent this illegal activity. This study proposes that the bank and bank employees have to complete the following tasks: 1. Arrange regular training and testing 2. Establish testing mechanism 3. Implement hierarchical review of abnormal transactions 4. Execute ad hoc review of AML systems 5. Proactively participate in AML training organized by banks or any relevant entities 6. Gain support from each of the management teams. Furthermore, this study finds that three more policies are required due to practical challenges found while bank employees are executing the prevention rules outlined in AML regulations. The three policies will allow smooth execution of AML. They are: 1 System assistance, reports creation and staff training 2. Effective AML is not only about how the regulations are outlined but more importantly about how they are actually executed 3. Bank executives should reinforce awareness and understanding of AML. The government and other related authorities should also ensure that the following tasks are implemented: 1. AML law should be complemented by fair inspection and regular audit 2. Related authorities should clarify the boundary of AML audit system adopted by each bank 3. Related authorities should publish regularly the result of how banks assist in AML and reward banks that proactively prevent money laundry. The above twelve suggestions will maximize the effectiveness of AML execution.

In the system of Taiwan, if the demand function is given, then the Central Bank can improve economic growth and steady price by controlling the money supply. In fact, true money demand is unknown, so focal point of my paper is to estimate trading money demand function of Taiwan. First, I get that real income, real M1B, and nominal rate are integrated of order 1 processes by using Augmented Dickey-Fuller test (ADF test) , Phillips-Perron test (PP test) , and Ng-Perron (NP test) . In the conventional model of Engle and Granger (1987) , I use Johansen¡¦s (1988, 1991) maximun likelihood method to estimate co-integrating vector. The result is the same with Ching-Nun Lee (1996) . In the conventional model of Engle and Granger, a linear combination of individually I(1) series becomes I(0). Series have cointegration, but their linear combination is not I(0). Therefore the conventional model of Engle and Granger does not encompass all non-stational economic models. Harris, McCabe, and Leybourne (2002) provided the stochastic cointegration. The stochastic cointegration allows that a linear combination of individually I(1) series is not I(0). Therefore, my paper also uses stochastic cointegration to test trading money demand of Taiwan. The result is real M1B, real income, and one month rate have stochastic cointegration.

Abstract The research compares the efficiency of particle removal from exhaust of ritual money burning by an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and a bag-house filter (BH), both have a capacity of around 30-35 Am3/min. A stainless steel chamber of 0.6 m in diameter and 1.0 m in height was used for the ritual money burning. Combustion gas from the chamber was cooled to 300-400oC by mixing with a certain proportion of ambient air and further cooled to around 100-130oC by a fin tube gas cooler before entering either to the ESP or the BH. Results indicate that TSP in the influent gas could be reduced from 6-392 (average 83) to 1-143 (average 22) mg/Nm3 by the ESP with gas velocities of 5-10 cm/s at 100-120 oC through the spacing between collecting plates. TSP emission factors of 0.0295-9.94 (average ¡Ó standard deviation = 1.81¡Ó2.25) and 0.031-3.36 (average ¡Ó standard deviation = 0.27¡Ó0.26) g/(kg combusted ritual money), respectively, were obtained before and after the ESP filtration. Although the ESP had an initial TSP removal of 80-99%, the performance dropped in a few operation hours because of a fouling of the plate surfaces by the collected fume dusts. Cleaning of the plate surfaces helped in the recovery of the performance, however, it dropped after a few cycles of collection and cleaning. Results from BH tests indicate that TSP in the influent gas to it could be reduced from 9-182 (average 72) to 0-12 (average 2.0) mg/Nm3 with the gas flow through the filter cloth with a velocity of 3.3 cm/s at 120-130 oC which resulted in an initial pressure drop of around 100 mmAq. It was observed that some fine dusts would escape from the cloth fiber spaces when the backwash pulse was operated. It is recommended that the backwash cycle should be minimized and trigged after the gas pressure drop over the cloth reaches up to 300 mmAq. TSP emission factors of 0.0176-1.64 (average ¡Ó standard deviation = 0.52¡Ó0.33) and 0-0.491 (average ¡Ó standard deviation = 0.02¡Ó0.05) g/(kg combusted ritual money), respectively, were obtained before and after the BH filtration. BH filtration is recommended for the TSP control in the ritual money buring. XRD(X-Ray Diffraction) examination of a bottom ash sample indicates that the ash has an elemental composition of O, Na, Al, and Si of 49.9, 11.8, 23.8, and 15.1%, respectively. SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis indicates that the collected fly ash and the bottom ash have particle sizes of 20-110 (mostly 45-60 nm) and 50-300 (average 250) nm, respectively.

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It is a common phenomenon that experiences and educational background will take into account first. When high technology industrial corporations select engineers, they apply mental test or interview them in order to realize their personal characters which make clear and bright whether personal characters would collocate to work or not. In all, they want to make sure to choose the appropriate engineers. The paper attempts to study through different points of view to analyze the working attitudes and manners of engineers. In order to discover some useful messages and to help high technology industry, the study plans recruits and retaining strategy which can consolidate the manpower and core essence of this field. In this study, there are 323 engineers selected from 17 high technology corporations ( 11 of them are integrated circuit industry, 2 of them are electro- optical industry, 3 of them are computer and peripherals industry, 1 of them is communication industry ) for an empirical study. Their background information were collected to explore how the 4 variables (money ethic¡Bwork preference¡Bworkaholism and perfectionism) effect professional commitment . Thus, we hope the study can allow us to get the better knowledge of professional commitment of engineers. The following 4 main points were found in this study ¡G 1. Money ethic would influence on some professional commitment of engineers. While work preference¡Bworkaholism and perfectionism are considerable, the influence of money ethic would decrease. 2.The different motive levels in cognition and attitude would influence on achievements and learning manners of engineers. Thus, the diverse demand to intrinsic-extrinsic motive would effect the professional commitment of engineers. So if the engineers ask for higher demand of intrinsic than of extrinsic, they would have higher professional commitment. 3.The variable of workaholism dose not effect professional commitment obviously. The result could make engineers who are compelled to obey the norms from organization or team under an involuntary deed. 4.The perfectionism is the most explanatory to the professional commitment of engineers . So the Perfectionism¡¦s characters are more obvious and the working attitudes of engineers would be higher professional commitment. At last, this study would focus on the limitation of this study, the future study, and management meanings to present brief explanation.

A European option is a contract in which the seller of the option grants the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to purchase from or sell to the seller the underlying asset at pre-specified price at maturity date. Herewith the buyer should pay out a premium for the value of flexibility that he was granted. Such premium as the compensation to the seller was provides in close form by Black and Scholes (1973) and Merton (1973). Even since then the option pricing methodology, or otherwise known as ¡§contingent claim analysis¡¨ has found its application in many prospects. Otherwise known as the real option analysis first induced by Myers (1977) and the structure form model of the credit risk analysis first induced by Merton (1974). In the thesis, we consider the application of the optional pricing methodology to the rationality and valuation of penalty in a contract and extent the penalty to the money back guarantee. In the former, we provide the general form solution to illustrate the both parties all hold the right to default the contract, and prove the existence of the optimal penalty is a policy to protect the disadvantaged minority such as to make the trade contract to be fair. In the latter, we prove the suitable way to evaluate that the consumer buy a good and long a MBG is the call option but the put by reviewing the final cash flow of the replicated strategy and the put-call parity at firstly, and then we find out the better way to grant the consumer to return the good to the vendor is penalty if the good is normal and the utility function of the consumer is concave. In sum, we integrate the penalty and in the MBG with the contingent claim analysis in this thesis, we find out we can use the uncomplicated model to explain the real world. Herewith we consider the option pricing model as another methodology to illustrate the social environment.

The research aimed at understanding the adolescent money attitude and analyzing the relationship between social economic status, materialism and adolescent money attitude. The research adopted the questionnaire. The participants chosen at random were high schools students in Kaohsiung city, Kaohsiung county and Pintong county. The questionnaire was adapted from a foreign questionnaire. It consisted of three parts: basic personal data, money attitude questions and materialism questions. The research adopted T test, one way ANOVA, Pearson¡¦s correlation and multiple regression to analyze those data. The findings were as follows: 1. Most adolescence didn¡¦t regard money as prestige and quality. They didn¡¦t have the sense of security toward money but being anxious for money. Therefore, they were cautious with money. 2. Male adolescence tended to regard money as prestige more than female adolescence. 3. Senior high school adolescence viewed money as the prestige, quality and source of anxiety more than junior high school adolescence. Therefore, they were less cautious with money than junior high school adolescence. 4. Adolescence with allowance regarded money as prestige, quality and source of anxiety more than one who didn¡¦t have allowance. 5. Adolescence who had the habit of saving money viewed money as prestige, quality and source of anxiety less than one who didn¡¦t have the habit of saving money. 6. Adolescence with higher social economic status thought money could change higher quantity and service more than the adolescence with low social economic status. 7. Adolescence with higher materialism was likely to think money represented prestige and quality. They didn¡¦t have the sense of security about money and were anxious for money. Besides, they weren¡¦t cautious with money. 8. Materialism factor predicted adolescent money attitude very well.

The methodology is based on an application of nonlinear ESTR ECM by Kapetanios et al. (2006) to analyze the short-run dynamic adjustment to long-run equilibrium in Taiwan money demand function. We take consideration of Taiwan as a small open economy system, the exchange rate could be included in money demand function. The result indicate that using ESTR ECM to analyze the adjustment behavior of money demand function in Taiwan is better than linear ECM. Our findings point out that the public adjusts at any time for holding money and the speed of adjustment for real balances depends on the size of deviation.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Köln, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-189).