This study focused on how African American couples in happy marriages talked about finances in their couple relationships. Qualitative methodology was used for this study, and the data came from transcribed interviews with participants. Thirty-seven couples who identified their marriages as being strong, happy, or highly satisfying, volunteered to be interviewed for this study. All individual participants (74 total) talked about finances in their marriages, and all interviews were used for the purpose of this study. Their descriptions were coded and analyzed to explore the way that they talked about money issues in their marriages. The research questions focused on how couples talked about financial stress and how they talked about financial decisions in their relationships. An unanticipated finding was how they talked about transcending finances in their marriages. The findings can contribute to future research and financial education for African American couples.

The purpose of the present study is to determine whether or not the metropolitan Negro girl's concerns and attitudes are factors in her interest in curriculum items of money management. The concerns and attitudes include authoritarian discipline, family tensions, resentment to family life style, financial troubles, family problems, self inadequacy, personal adjustment, and resentment to dependency.

This dissertation deals with consumption in Swedish households between 1913 and 2001. More specifically, it asks whose resources matter most in determining consumption patterns. As a second question, the dissertation also attempts to establish whether the fact that simple covariance between a spouse’s background variables implies that the spouse has any influence at all over the household’s consumption decisions. The theoretical background is mostly drawn from literature regarding intra-household allocations: on the one hand cooperative game theory and on the other hand sociological theory. Cooperative game theory establishes influence, say or power within the household as a function of the marriage’s or cohabitation’s alternative cost, i.e., the difference between the utility level for a married or cohabiting person as opposed to a single person. Sociological theory considers the contribution one makes to the total level of utility in the household, whether in the form of monetary income, household work or as something else. This is in part conceptualized as a difference between exit and voice. The dissertation’s statistical analysis uses three surveys of household expenditure conducted in 1913, 1952 and 1999-2001. They give us an excellent picture of what they actually purchased during that year. The sample sizes are 552, 596 and 3,501, respectively. The dissertation’s main result is that human capital is a previously underestimated determinant of influence in consumption decisions. As the female stock of human capital increases, so does her influence over the household’s consumption decisions. In an attempt to determine the level of democracy within households, the dissertation uses a complementary data source: a questionnaire called “The Swedish People 1955”. Here, one of the questions directed to females was whether they checked with their husbands before deciding on a purchase, as a measure of intra-household democracy. This was then regressed upon the female share of total income, ideological position and two forms of human capital, one general and one for household work. Both forms of human capital lead to democratic households, which is taken to mean that human capital is important not only because it increases labor opportunities in the event of divorce (exit) but also because it increases female voice.

Submitted by Caio César de Medeiros Costa (caiocesq@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-27T16:08:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio TESE - Final-online.pdf: 1195855 bytes, checksum: 47e698198ae4640ae4b04fad29e5cd66 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2016-04-27T16:20:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio TESE - Final-online.pdf: 1195855 bytes, checksum: 47e698198ae4640ae4b04fad29e5cd66 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:43:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio TESE - Final-online.pdf: 1195855 bytes, checksum: 47e698198ae4640ae4b04fad29e5cd66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / Efficiency managing public resources has become an important issue for the academy and for public managers. The importance of the allocative function of the state, and the increased demands of the population also, has elevation the efficiency in the public money management subject to a high degree of relevance. To contribute to this debate, the main objective of this thesis is to understand the waste of the public resource and its nuances. In such set, public procurement processes and the occurrence of corruption are two important issues asking for further strength, and it is about them that I put effort over to answer the issues raised. Thus, this thesis was organized containing three original articles. Each one of them is dedicated to a specific aspect, identified within the theories that permeate the debate in the context of public administration and government. The first article aims to analyze the relevance of public bidding processes. Based on the assumptions of the theory of auctions, highlighting the relationship between increasing competition and lower prices from the bidders, the study adds to the literature on aspects such as transaction costs and problems related to the provider definition based in price as the unique criterion. The second article discusses the relationship between the lower prices strategies on the bidding stage and the contract modifications during its execution. This article has the literature is based on the literature that pointing, the difficulties in designing complete contracts considering the possibility of bidders avail themselves of information asymmetry to plot their strategies. By this use is given the unbalanced bids name and is on the point that the second paper discuss. In the third article, the theme addressed is corruption, and the intention of it is to verify the association between corruption and public health indicators in Brazilian municipalities. The findings raise some debate and add to the state of the art issues not raised yet. Among these issues, there is an association between conducting bidding processes and prices, on average, higher. Another important issue concerns the factors related to modifications of contracts, finding no empirical evidence to demonstrate the existence of the unbalanced bid. Finally, this last article highlights the relationship between corruption and socioeconomic indicators, showing, among other things, the correlation of corruption with the indicators in the opposite direction for certain indicators. It is hoped that this thesis will stimulate further research, involving issues addressed here, ideally giving contributions to improving public management in Brazil. / A gestão eficiente do recurso público tem se colocado como um importante tema tanto para a academia quanto para os gestores públicos. O papel de destaque da função alocativa do Estado, em conjunto com o aumento das demandas da população, tem alçado tal tema a alto grau de relevância. Para contribuir com esse debate, o objetivo principal desta tese é entender o desperdício do recurso e suas nuances. Nesse contexto, os processos de contratação por parte do Estado e a ocorrência de corrupção são dois assuntos em alta e que carecem de maior aprofundamento, e é sobre eles que me debruço para cumprir os objetivos traçados. Assim, a presente tese foi organizada contendo três artigos inéditos. Cada um deles se dedica a um aspecto específico, identificado dentro das teorias que permeiam o debate no contexto da administração pública e governo. O primeiro artigo tem como objetivo analisar a pertinência na realização de processos licitatórios. Partindo dos pressupostos da teoria dos leilões, que destacam a relação entre o aumento da concorrência e a diminuição dos preços praticados pelos licitantes,o estudo adiciona à literatura sobre o tema aspectos como os custos de transação e os problemas relacionados à definição do fornecedor, baseada no preço como critério único. O segundo artigo aborda a relação existente entre a economia obtida na etapa de licitação e as modificações realizadas no contrato durante a sua execução. Esse artigo conta com o subsídio da literatura que aponta as dificuldades em se desenhar contratos completos e que considera a possibilidade de os licitantes se valerem da assimetria de informação para traçar suas estratégias. A essa utilização se dá o nome de jogo de planilha e é sobre tal ponto que o segundo trabalho versa. No terceiro artigo, a temática abordada é a corrupção, e o objetivo do mesmo é verificar a possível associação entre a corrupção e os indicadores de saúde pública nos municípios. Se apoiando na literatura que destaca a relação negativa entre a corrupção e os indicadores sociais, eu testo se tal questão, se tal padrão de associação se repete nos indicadores municipais de saúde dos municípios. Os resultados encontrados suscitam alguns debates e acrescentam ao estado da arte questões ainda não levantadas. Entre essas questões, destaca-se a associação entre a realização de processos licitatórios e preços, em média, mais altos. Outra questão importante diz respeito aos fatores relacionados às modificações dos contratos, não encontrando evidências empíricas que demonstrem a existência do chamado jogo de planilha. Por fim, esse último artigo destaca a relação entre a corrupção e os indicadores socioeconômicos, demonstrando, entre outros aspectos, a correlação da corrupção com os indicadores em sentido oposto para determinados indicadores. Espera-se que esta tese estimule pesquisas mais aprofundadas, envolvendo as temáticas aqui abordadas, idealmente, dando contribuições para a melhoria da gestão pública no Brasil, em que pese a importância dos processos de compras públicas e a relação entre a corrupção e os indicadores de saúde.

Según la Superintendencia de Banca y Seguros, el ahorro ha aumentado durante la llegada del coronavirus a Perú. Se ha podido identificar el crecimiento de este mercado del ahorro ya que, no solo han cambiado nuestras costumbres de consumo. Durante el confinamiento, se ha observado un mayor interés de las personas hacia las alternativas de ahorro que ofrece el mercado financiero. Como resultado de nuestra investigación y recolección de información, se ha determinado una oportunidad de negocio que ayudará a encontrar una solución al problema identificado. Nuestra idea corresponde a una aplicación que ayuda al consumidor peruana ha ahorrar, en esta app podrá distribuir sus gastos como mejor se le acomode, en cualquier momento y en cualquier lugar. Finahorro tendrá un concepto más colorido y amical ya que va dirigido solo para personas de 18 a 25 años. Las descargas serán por App Store y Play Store. Al entrar a la app, el usuario deberá rellenar sus datos personales y le haremos una serie de preguntas con respecto a cuáles son sus propósitos financieros y objetivos como: “viajes, ropa, estudios, un auto, entre otros”. Al tener la información del cliente y conocer su visión y expectativas, diseñaremos incentivos para que esta persona vaya logrando sus objetivos de manera más consciente. / According to Superintendencia de Banca y Seguros, savings have increased during the arrival of the coronavirus in Peru. It has been possible to identify the growth of this savings market, because not only have their consumption habits changed. During the confinement, a greater interest of people towards the savings alternatives offered by the financial market has been observed. As a result of our investigation and information gathering, a business opportunity has been determined that we will help find a solution to the identified problem. Our idea is f to an app that helps the Peruvian consumer to save. In this app you can distribute your expenses as you wish, at any time and in any place. Finahorro will have a more colorful and friendly concept, because it is aimed at people between 18 and 25 years old. Downloads will be by App Store and Play Store. When entering the application, the user must complete their personal data and we will ask a series of questions about their financial goals and objectives, such as travel, clothing, studies, a car, etc. With the client's information, their goals and expectations, we will design challenges so that this person can constantly achieve their objectives. / Trabajo de investigación

The content of my master´s thesis is the creation of automatic trading system which will be applied on real trading account mainly on financial markets of currency pairs. The thesis is divided to several parts where the theoretical part will introduce the problem of trading on financial markets. Following part analyses needs of small trader on the financial markets, selecting suitable instruments which will be used in automatic trading system. The part of the own solution design will create the mentioned automatic trading system which will be applied on broker´s demo account where the system will be tested mainly on historical data. Based on test results, system will be optimized and in case of usable results of testing also system will be applied on real trading account in trading company.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer los principales criterios que las empresas emplean para la administración del efectivo. Para las organizaciones, es de gran importancia mantener un nivel de liquidez adecuado para cumplir con sus obligaciones de pago, así como para evaluar proyectos de inversión. Se recurrió a diversas fuentes de información, mientras se tomaron en cuenta los temas más relevantes que puedan ayudar a resolver la pregunta en cuestión. Se considera importante profundizar acerca de las características de las empresas para entender la principal casuística. Lo primero es la finalidad del efectivo, saber en qué se va a utilizar el efectivo reservado, las principales opciones son: compra de activos, corrupción, giro del negocio y crisis. Por otro lado, se analizan las fuentes de efectivo, los medios necesarios para obtener liquidez: recursos propios, instrumentos financieros, instituciones financieras y financiamiento externo. Por último, se consideran las políticas empresariales que emplean las empresas: política corporativa, políticas de pagos y cobros, nivel de experiencia de los Chief Executive Officer (CEO) y mujeres directoras. Como se puede demostrar, existen diversos motivos por los cuales una empresa debe contar con cierta cantidad de efectivo y muchas razones que los justifiquen. El flujo de efectivo es un pilar importante para la administración de cualquier empresa y esta investigación ayudará a comprenderlo mejor. / This work aims to know the main criteria that companies use for the management of cash. It is of great importance for organizations to maintain an adequate level of liquidity, this to meet their payment obligations, as well as to evaluate investment projects. Various sources of information were used, taking into account the most relevant topics that could help answer the question proposed. We consider it important to delve into the characteristics of companies to understand our main case. The first was the purpose of cash: buy of assets, corruption, business turnover and crisis. On the other hand, cash sources were analyzed, as they are: own resources, financial instruments, financial institutions and external financing. Finally, we mention the policies that companies employ; corporate policy, payment and collection policies, level of experience, CEO and female directors. As can be demonstrated, there are a number of reasons why a company must have a certain amount of cash and many reasons to justify it. Cash flow is an important pillar for the management of any company and this research will help us understand it better. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

My diploma thesis discusses the power and importance of money management when trading foreign exchange market. With the help of real examples it aims to demonstrate the difficulty of the future foreign exchange rate estimation and the ambiguousness of the market analyses results. Comparing the results of real trading in the spirit of diversification to the actual results of Vince's model, the thesis points out whether the application of diversification is a real necessity or not. The thesis also highlights the impact of diversification on the trading system performance compared to Vince's model. The final part proposes a possible practical accounting solution to the foreign exchange speculative trades.

由於國內金融自由化的起步較歐美、等先進國家晚，因此，金融創新的活動在國內金融市場一直落後其他先進國家。在瞭解近三十年來金融創新的發展過程，透過學習歐、美等先進國家在金融創新產品上的發展經驗，將可以縮短我國金融業者在金融創新活動上的摸索時間，進而加速提升其金融創新的開發能力。 美林證券在1977年首先推出「現金管理帳戶」（Cash Management Account；簡稱CMA），該帳戶主要提供的服務包括：買賣貨幣市場共同基金、證券交易管理帳戶、簽發支票、信用卡服務、融資權益、與自動提款機提款等功能。國內之華信銀行於民國89年也率先推出類似「現金管理帳戶」的金融創新產品，稱為「投資管理帳戶」（Money Management Account；簡稱MMA）。美林證券在成功開發「現金管理帳戶」之後，更將該產品結合美林證券本身在財務專業上的優勢，提供全面性的財務金融規劃，根據每個投資人其生命週期中的潛在資金需求及收入，例如：退休基金、結婚基金、子女教育基金等，設計出最適合該投資人的投資理財計畫。 由於美林證券「現金管理帳戶」的推出，打破了美國Glass-Steagall Act長久以來商業銀行與投資銀行業務分離的限制，因此，本論文也將從美國G-S法案的立法精神與基本原理出發，探討美國商業銀行跨足證券業務的發展過程以及G-S法案存在的必要性。並且透過美林證券成功開發「現金管理帳戶」的經驗，來探討我國證券商目前若開發該創新產品，可能會面臨到的障礙並且提供相關建議。 最後，透過寄發問卷的研究方式，從我國證券商的角度分析未來「現金管理帳戶」在我國金融市場上發展的可行性，得出實證結論如下： 1.我國證券商對於承作現金管理帳戶的意願受限於國內金融相關法規的限制。 2.多數證券商看好未來現金管理帳戶之發展，並同意承作現金管理帳戶能實際發揮證券商的投資理財專業。 3.未來主管機關應朝向建立公平競爭的金融環境、強化我國自律組織功能發展。 4.國內多數券商皆非常注重專業人才之培訓，因此，未來在開發現金管理帳戶之專業領域上，必會有更大的發揮空間。

Diploma thesis deals with analyzing the possibility of using artificial intelligence, specifically artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic, on the capital markets as a tool to support decision making in business. The Matlab software is used for this purpose. The work is divided into three parts. The first part deals with theoretical knowledge, brief description of the current situationin is covered in a second part and the theoretical solutions are applied to the system in the third section.