Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-185). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 433-450) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Uppsala. / Summary in English and Finnish. Includes bibliographical references (p. 15-18).

Thesis (doctoral)--Hochschule St. Gallen für Wirtschafts-, Rechts- und Sozialwissenschaften, 1992. / "Dissertation Nr. 1336." Includes bibliographical references (p. 243-277).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Graz. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 325-339) and register.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-149).

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. / Advisor(s): San Miguel, Joseph G. ; Freeman, Michael. "September 2008." "MBA professional report"--Cover. "AD-A488 832." Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-52).

Financial responsibility within the United States volleys between the individual and outside agencies frequently; however, the uninformed individual suffers financially as a result. Integrating concepts of personal finance and children's literature together will promote life-sustaining habits of personal finance and will likely lessen the prevalence of a culture that does not stress financial literacy. / Master of Arts

Elektroniniai pinigai: teisinio reglamentavimo problemos Europos Sąjungos mastu e-pinigai išsamiai pradėti reglamentuoti Direktyvoje 2000/46/EB, kuria buvo apibrėžta e-pinigų sąvoka ir nustatyti pagrindiniai reikalavimai įstaigų veiklai. Nepaisant ambicingo Komisijos siekio imtis išankstinio reglamentavimo, kad e-pinigai galėtų paskatinti elektroninę prekybą bei inovacijas ir ateityje pakeisti grynuosius pinigus, Direktyva 2000/46/EB turėjo daug trūkumų, todėl laikomasi nuomonės, kad, užuot paskatinusi, stabdė rinkos augimą. Direktyvoje 2000/46/EB nustatyti abejotini įstaigų veiklai taikomi reikalavimai ir jų tapatinimas su kredito įstaigomis, nors taikomi palyginti švelnesni reikalavimai. Dėl įtvirtintos e-pinigų sąvokos Direktyva 2000/46/EB kritikuojama nuo pat jos priėmimo, nes, užuot užtikrinusi tinkamą teisinį aiškumą, sukėlė priešingą efektą. Dėl sąvokoje įtvirtintų reikalavimų, kaip antai draudimas leisti e-pinigus su nuolaida, nepakankamo techninio sąvokos neutralumo ir kt., Direktyvos 2000/46/EB reguliavimo apimtis buvo palanki interpretacijoms. Rengiant Direktyvą 2009/110/EB atsižvelgta į valstybių narių pastabas ir kritiką, todėl padaryta daug reikšmingų reglamentavimo pakeitimų, tačiau dar anksti sakyti, kad e-pinigų reglamentavimo problemos išspręstos. Direktyvoje 2009/110/EB atskirtas e-pinigų įstaigų statusas nuo kredito įstaigų, nustatant joms mažesnius ir proporcingesnius, rinkos sąlygas atitinkančius reikalavimus, palyginti su Direktyva 2000/46/EB... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Electronic Money: Issues of Legal Regulation Consistent legal regulation of e-money in European Union has started by adoption of the Directive 2000/46/EB - it was the first legal act which has set the definition and basic rules on e-money institutions. Despite the fact that Commission had seen e-money as potential to encourage electronic commerce and innovation in EU and probably the way to cashless society, the first e-money Directive was far from reaching these objectives and instead of fostering innovation and competition, hindered it. The Directive 2000/46/EB had created an inconsistent legal regime for e-money institutions: prudential rules were still too restrictive and the idea of considering e-money institutions as a subcategory of credit institution was highly doubtful. The definition of e-money received a lot of criticism, because it had created legal uncertainty, Directive’s scope of applicability was unclear and open to interpretations. The main shortcomings were recognized and the new e-money Directive 2009/110/EB has made significant changes in legal regulation of e-money. First of all, e-money institutions are not considered as a subcategory of credit institutions anymore. The concept of e-money is now more closely linked to payment services rather than credit institutions. As a result, more proportionate prudential requirements are set: lover capital requirements, possibility to deploy other activities, etc. Furthermore, the Directive 2009/110/EB has... [to full text]

by Tong Sheung-ling, Maria. / Abstract also in Chinese / Bibliography: leaves 41-43 / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1982