This diploma thesis deals with the growth of semiconductor nanowires on Ge(111) surface. The nanowires were prepared by means of PVD (physical vapor deposition). The growth was calatyzed by Au colloidal nanoparticles. An impact of different growth conditions on nanowire morfology is presented. It is demonstrated that Ge nanowires grow preferentially along axis. Ge wires with orientation were observed as well.

This thesis focuses on unsupervised morphological seg- mentation, the fundamental task in NLP which aims to break words into morphemes. I describe and re-implement a model proposed in Lee et al. (2011) and evaluate it on 4 languages. Moreover, I present a generative model that could use word representation as extra fea- tures. The word representations are leant in unsupervised manner using neural language model. The experiment shows that using extra features improves the performance of the unsupervised model.

The genus Ramariopsis (Clavariaceae, Agaricales) having ramarioid, rarely clavarioid basidiomata includes about 15 species in central Europe. They are probably saprotrophic species which usually occur in grasslands or rarely open places in shrubs or deciduous forests. In this work, 88 collections of this genus mainly from the Czech Republic and Slovakia were studied, of which 57 sequences from the LSU and 36 from the ITS regions of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene complex were obtained. Based on molecular-phylogenetic analyses using the maximum likelihood and bayesian methods, phylogenetic trees were created showing 16 well-supported clades. So detailed study on the phylogeny and relationships among species of the genus Ramariopsis is presented for first time, even within the world literature. Subsequent morphological analysis supported by SEM study of basidiospores showed that obtained clades represent nine species known in taxonomic literature, three so far non-described species (that were labelled with provisional names) and four clades whose interpretation is uncertain at the moment. Thus, seven clades represent cryptic diversity, which is a rather high extent. A new species Ramariopsis robusta Matouš et Holec has already been published and Ramariopsis rufipes and Ramariopsis kunzei var. bispora...

This thesis focuses on the descriptive analysis of skull morphology of the pond slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans). The general approach was an osteological preparation of the skulls and photographic documentation (following standardised procedures) of a larger sample of specimens. The collected data was used as a background for subsequent GMM analyses. Main hypotheses of this project were: 1) the skull of T. s. elegans is sexually dimorphic; 2) the skull of T. s. elegans constitutes of several independent modules. The objective of this thesis was therefore to describe the postnatal ontogenesis of the model taxon and to determine the developmental trends of its cranial structures. It was shown that the skull of T. s. elegans is sexually dimorphic in shape mainly due to differences in allometric growth. These differences probably reflect different nutritional requirements. The skull of T. s. elegans is formed out of four modules. These are: facial, central, basicranial, and possibly also zygomatic-pterygoideal modules.

Genetic composition of hybrid zones often reflects geographical and ecological gradients. Hybrid zone of Arabidopsis lyrata and A. arenosa in Central Europe can be convenient model system for testing such hypothesis. These are well circumscribed but still interfertile, and their offspring is fully fertile. Besides repeated hybridisation events, the current state is complicated by the autopolyploidisation events of one of the parents, namely A. lyrata, which is present in the area studied both as diploid and tetraploid. This hybrid zone was already described in previous publications, which showed certain gradient of introgression. Moreover, the area of the hybrid zone represents a transition between Alpine and Pannonian climate along an altitudinal gradient leading from the Prealps to the lowland Wienerwald. The current thesis is the as yet most detailed study of this hybrid zone both in respect of number of studied populations and the amount of data acquired using the methods of RAD Sequencing, multivariate morphometrics and flow cytometry. The analysis of genetic data showed a gradient of introgression, where parental populations are placed at opposite ends, whereas genetically intermediate hybrids are placed in its centre. Analysis of the genome size showed an additional gradient, where hybrids...

Lactogenesis II is critical stage of lactation and it is hindered by conditions like caesarean section, premature delivery, obesity, age, and parity. Previous studies have shown a connection between morphological characteristics of breast and nipple-areola complex and lactation onset. Higher number of areolar glands and their non-uniform distribution has been linked to earlier onset of lactation. Extremely large breasts and short nipples has been linked to breastfeeding difficulty. Aim of this study was to investigate relationship between morphological characteristics of breast and nipple-areola complex (number and distribution of areolar glands, nipple, areola, and breast area, protrusion of nipple and areola, and contrast of breast and areola) and lactation onset. For this purpose, we collected breasts and areolae photographs of 141 mothers one day postpartum in maternity ward in Prague and compared the morphological traits to lactogenesis II onset. We have found a non-uniform distribution of areolar glands with the highest abundance on upper lateral quadrant of areola. We found that right breast area tends to be bigger than left, and left nipple and areola tends to be longer than right. Parity had significant effect on lactation onset. No morphological characteristics have been linked to...

This thesis focuses on the relationship between body image and somatotypes in the young Czech student population. Previous studies have shown a relationship between body image and BMI, notwithstanding, somatotypes describe body morphology in a more detailed way. Somatotypes describe the amount of body fat (endomorphy), the amount of muscle mass and the robustness of bones (mesomorphy), and the length of arms and legs relative to the rest of the body (ectomorphy). Seventy-one women and seventy men participated in our study. They completed a battery of questionnaires (The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire; The Body Figure Scale of Dosedlová et al., 2008; Rosengerg's self-esteem scale; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - T; and Beck's Depression Inventory - II). Then they underwent an anthropometric measure of somatotype components (endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy) according to Carter and Heath's anthropometric method and were assigned to a certain somatotype. In our sample, there were 5 somatotypes in men (endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorphic mesomorph, mesomorph-ectomorph and ectomorph) and 6 somatotypes in women (endomorph, endomorph- mesomoroph, mesomorph, mesomorph-ectomorph, ectomorph and the central type). The questionnaires' scores were then statistically compared between...

The aim of this work was to evaluate choosen group of 26 clones of apricot variety 'Velkopavlovická' and to select the best clone and subclone for growers in south Moravia. Beside of classical pomological and biological evaluation characteristics the objective was to verify some older as well as newer, less known methods for evaluation of relevant characteristics of clones. Descriptors for choosen biological and pomological characters were used for the evaluation of clones. The clones were analysed with molecular genetic methods to establish the genetic relationship and to search for the possibilities of distinguishing them. The floral morphology and its influence on bearing of the clones was evaluated in this work. Formation of bearing shoots according to their lenght, their morphological conformation, bearing potential and their longevity were evaluated using modern methods. The physiological performance was evaluated using calorimetry. After all, the health of the clones was studied by molecular identification of present patogens and biochemical aspects of plant defense response against patogens related to precocious dieback of apricots. For the data processing ANOVA, X2, Mantel tests were used. For the evaluation of clones, following 11 biological and pomological characteristics were assessed: 1. precocious dieback occurence, 2. stem necrotic injuries, 3. patogen occurence of Gnomonia erythrostoma, 4. flower set, 5. fruit set, 6. bearing, 7. yield efficiency , 8. flowering date, 9. fruit weight, 10. fruit width, 11. relative rate of the stone to whole fruit weight. Evaluation of genetic relationship using molecular genetic methods S-SAP offereds the possibility of parcial distinction of 'Velkopavlovická' clones to 5 groups based on the transposonal polymorphic loci. Molecular genetic methods AFLP, S-SAP and iPBS provided similar profiles of the evaluated clones and genotypes. Differences in floral morphology shows low ranking stability in the number of each floral organs of those clones and their considerably lower occurence in contrast to the current experience. Based on this results, this method seems to be not perspective for clonal selection. The evaluation of morphological structure of bearing shoots, their bearing and longevity gives many informations about the morphological structure of the clones and it seems to be a perspective method for clonal selection. Differences between the clones were found in the high number of generative organs on short shoots, medium shoots and their distribution along the central axis of scaffold branches. The physiological characteristics of adult idividuals of evaluated clones using net asimilation rate seems to be hard to interpret and its use in clonal selection need fruther research. Research of patogen presence using PCR method shows significant presence of ESFY and Cytospora cincta in the tissues of evaluated clones. Those patogens were most likely related to the precocious dieback of apricots. Salycilic acid and the number of transcript copies of the beta-1,3-glucanase and gene expresion of Pru ar1 markers are most likely associated with plant defense of apricots. Based on results of biochemical analysis of the substances assosiated with plant defense the possibility to evaluate plant health of apricots considering precocious dieback with help of used markers in field conditions can be suggested. There use for clonal selection need fruther researche. The best clones LE-108, LE-111, LE-120 and M.72A of variety 'Velkopavlovická' seems to be the most promising from the evaluated group of clones. As the best subclones following individuals were choosen: clone LE-120 - tree 36 (1. row), clon M.72A - trees 26, 37 a 49 (8. row), clon LE-108 trees 28 a 29 (3. row) and clon LE-111 tree 27 (6. row).

This dissertation deals with the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in vegetable production. The completion of knowledge and confirmation of scientific hypothesis in practise is necessary to be done for each vegetable species. For these reasons the dissertation establishes the entire growing process of the leek (Allium porrum L.). The experiment explores the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the physiological, nutritional and yield parameters of the leek crop. The literary review focuses on the mycorrhizal symbiosis as entire complex and shows an arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, its basic function, usage and impact on plants. Several parts of literary review mention the transfer of elements from the soil to the roots of plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and currently valid nomenclature is also listed. The experimental part is focused on a trial with several species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their combinations. The morphological evaluation of pre-cultivated leeks and also field grown plants was focused on the comparison of length and weight of the plants. Nutritional assessments are focused primarily on the vitamin C, total antioxidant capacity, content of nitrates, content of phosphorus and nitrogen in plant tissues. In the pursuance to our results, it is possible to say, that certain variants of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi had positive influence on the height of pre-cultivated leeks, and a positive trend was also confirmed during the evaluation of the content of antioxidants. The amount of heavy metals in plant tissues was reduced by combination of fungi R. intraradices and C. claroideum. The positive influence of inoculation was also observed at the reduction of nitrates in 2014. Overall, we can say that using of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the cultivation of leeks (Allium porrum L.) contribute to a positive effect on plants and yield, especially in the years with extreme weather conditions during growing season.

The aim of the thesis "Evaluation of qualitative parameters of rams ejaculates" was to compare techniques of ejaculate collection of rams of combined breed. The sampling technique for the artificial vagina was compared to that of the electro-ejaculator. The quantitative and qualitative indicators of ejaculates of rams were evaluated in the thesis. The parameters evaluated were: ejaculate volume, sperm movement, sperm initial aktivity, sperm concentration in ejaculate and sperm morphology. Samples were taken at four days. A total of 24 samples were obtained from 10 rams of the combined breed, of which 12 were sampled by artificial vagina sampling by stimulation with fixed sheep and 12 samples by electro-ejaculator. The electro-ejaculator collection technique was found to have lower sperm concentration (P≤0.01) and lower initial activity (P≤0.05) compared to the artificial vagina collection technique. The difference in ejaculate volume and sperm movement in the compared methods was not statistically demonstrated. No significant differences between sperm collection techniques in sperm abnormalities were observed or statistically demonstrated. The results of the diploma thesis showed that the better technique of ejaculate collection is taking on the artificial vagina, because it leads to higher initial activity of sperm (P≤0.05) and higher concentration of sperm (P≤0.01), which can be used mainly in the preparation of insemination doses.