Thesis (doctoral)--Universiteit Utrecht, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [329]-343) and index.

Proefschrift Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. / Met lit.opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Title: Polymer hydrogels: heterogeneous structure and deformation behavior Author: Evgeny Karpushkin Department: Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Supervisor: Miroslava Dušková-Smrčková Ing. Dr., Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 06 Prague 6 Abstract: Model series of crosslinked poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels differing in morphology were prepared by polymerization-induced phase separation. Morphology, swelling and dynamic mechanical properties in broad frequency range of the model gels were tested. The vitrification of gels was found sensitive to microstructure of polymer network and to solvent content and to polymer-solvent interaction, but not to the macroscopic morphology of the gel. The low-frequency mechanical response was found sensitive to both polymer network properties and hydrogel morphology. Lightly crosslinked hydrogels showed relatively high mechanical losses in the rubbery plateau region, due to physical association of chains. Fused-particles type hydrogels revealed a weak secondary relaxation at low frequency, ascribed to motion of the dangling particles aggregates. These aggregates, elastically inactive, along with inhomogeneous stress field arisen in porous material, were...

This work focuses on two problems in machine translation: lexical choice and target-side morphology. The first problem is the correct transfer of meaning from the source language to the target language. The second problem, which is mainly relevant for morphologically rich target languages, is then the choice of the correct surface form of each target lexeme. We work with these problems within the framework of phrase-based machine translation and we propose a discriminative model of translation which utilizes both source and target context information and which uses rich linguistically motivated features. We show how our model addresses specific weaknesses of standard phrase-based systems and that it provides consistent improvements of translation quality across a broad range of experiments. Apart from our main contribution, we also provide a number of experimental evaluations, analyses and manual annotation experiments, mostly related to English-Czech translation.

The modern taxonomic revision of cyanobacteria is a work in progress, with both theoretical and practical challenges to be addressed. This thesis investigated selected terrestrial cyanobacterial taxa using a polyphasic approach, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis and accompanied by phenotypic characterization and nomenclatural treatment. Diverse methodological approaches were used including optical and transmission electron microscopy, molecular analysis (DNA sequencing) of cyanobacterial strains, single cells and filaments, and phylogenetic analysis of multiple genomic loci. This study provided systematic revisions of individual cyanobacterial genera and the entire phylum, and suggestions for future study projects.

This master thesis consists of two main parts. The first of them represents a compilation of information and facts about baculum, specifically about its presence, function and evolution in mammals. Further I focused on biological characters of five genera of African muroid rodents (Acomys, Aethomys, Gerbilliscus, Saccostomus, Stenocephalemys), which were analyzed in detail in the second part of my thesis in respect of their penial and bacular morphology.

The aim of this study was to determine the differences of freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) originated from two geographically isolated areas according to morphological parameters and the age of dead freshwater pearl mussel Data were collected from four localities, i. e. from the two areas (Šumava: Blanice, Zlatý potok and Aš area: Bystřina and Rokytnice). The average length of shells was 95.8 mm, thickness 27.9 mm, height 43.4 mm. The ligament was eroded from 57 % and index (ration between thickness and length x 50) was on average 32 %. Thickness of the shells and the percentage of eroded ligament differed between the two areas. Both of these parameters were higher in Aš area. Other morphological parameters (length and height of the shells and the above mentioned index) were similar in both areas. Assessment of age according to the growth lines in the ligament was significantly higher than the evaluation using growth lines on the surface of the shells. Mean age of freshwater pearl mussels determined using growth lines in the ligament was 36 years old and on the surface of the shells was 30 years old. Age according to the growth lines in the ligament better correlated with the length of the shell than percentage of eroded ligament. Age of dead freshwater pearl mussel was comparable in both areas, however differed between localities. Rokytnice proved to be the most suitable habitat for freshwater pearl mussels according to the age estimation.

Variability in genes and shell shape of salt water gastropod Hexaplex trunculus (Linné, 1758) was compared among the samples from three Croatian coastline localities, four localities on Greek island Lefkada and two localities from south France coastline in total number of 464 specimens. Genetical criteria were not found for separating individual populations. No variability were found in 683 bp long fragment of gene for michondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI). Differences among populations were not significant, even in conection of my data with the data of recent portuguese study (sequences from GenBank). Differences among populations were found by the geometric morphometric method. Based on these results, morphotypes for certain habitats were determined. During the study, high level of tributyltin (TBT) pollution in the Mediterranean sea causing sexual malformation called imposex phenomenon, was proved in this species of gastropod.

Title: French architectural terminology Supervisor: PhDr. Ondřej Pešek, Ph.D. Author: Petra Machová The diploma thesis is based on a list of vocabulary that are contained in French architectural dictionary Dictionnaire d'Architecture published by Editions Jean-Paul Gisserot. The theoretical part deals with a term in general and describes how the terms are taken over from ordinary vocabulary and back. Furthermore, it describes other ways of vocabulary origin. The practical part is focused on analysis of vocabulary from the dictionary. It studies ways of terms origin. The vocabulary is divided into three parts: loan words in French or words that are part of French lexical substrate, morphologically and semantically developped terms. The objective of the practical part is analysis of each specialised term regarding to its origin. By the end, the thesis contains the comparision of Czech and French architectural terms.

The dynamics of Southern Carpathian dialects - abstract The aim of this work is to describe the development of Southern Carpathian dialects in two state entities, in northeastern Slovakia and the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine, in the last 70 years. Starting material are recordings of dialectal speech and their transcription obtained in own field research conducted since 2011 within the studied area, especially in villages located close to the Slovak-Ukrainian state border. The focus of this work is a description of the dynamics of the phonetic, morphological and lexical system of the dialects of two villages, Ublya, which was chosen due to the long tradition of dialect research, and Malyi Bereznyi, the nearest neighboring village on the territory of Ukraine. Here until World War II closely related Southern Carpathian dialects had been developing in the same sociolinguistic conditions. After World War II they were separated by the Czechoslovak- Soviet border and came under the influence of different standard languages - Slovak, on the one hand, and Ukrainian and Russian on the other hand. A comparison of older material with the results of our field research enables to observe a dialectal divergence caused by leveling processes oriented to different standard languages. Data obtained in Ublya and Malyi...