This dissertation on the theme Interaction of macrophages and the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 was focused on the initial mapping of interactions between human mac-rophages and the prostate cancer cell line PC-3. Microscopic and molecular-genetic methods have been used for analysis. The structure and ultrastructure of macrophages and PC-3 cells have been de-scribed. The description of cell morphology in interaction with each other has been de-voted to processes associated with adherence of macrophages on PC-3, eferocytosis and phagocytosis. Cultivation of PC-3 with plumbagine showed an increase of apoptotic cells. Cultivation of macrophages with PC-3 supernatant has shown that solubiling fac-tors in supernatant may have an effect on inducing cell death in macrophages. In our study, the supernatant did not affect the production of TNF alfa, IL-12, IL-10 or IL-6 by macrophages. A time lapse video was created to show physical interactions of macro-phages and invasive cell. All obtained results show that there are interactions between the cancer cells and immune system cells that have not yet been discovered.

The diploma thesis focuses on the hydroponic production of cucumbers. The first part of the thesis is theoretical and deals with the hydroponic growing with the focus on cucumbers. In the practical part, in accordance with the aim of the thesis, there can be found the evaluation of the yield and growth parameters of two greenhouse hydroponic cultures of cucumbers in Jižní Morava, Ltd., depending on the production period and repeated usage of the grow slabs. The results show that the production period and the repeatedly used grow slabs have a significant impact on the yield and growth of cucumbers.

The thesis deals with the precipitation synthesis of nanoparticle hydroxyapatite with goal to study the influence of reaction conditions on the morphology of the particles. The theoretical part is focused on biomaterials, bioceramics and phosphates characterization. Further the work is focused on hydroxyapatite, its characteristics and possible synthesis in particular. The synthesis of hydroxyapatite precipitation is described in the experimental part. Syntheses were performed at a reaction temperature of 0-80 °C at pH = 8-11, at the aging time of 0-24 h, in the presence of surfactant and the chelating agent and with the post-precipitation hydrothermal or ultrasonic treatment. For characterization of the prepared powders, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser diffraction (LD) and the analysis of the specific surface area (BET) were used. Pure hydroxyapatite powders or a mixture of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate were prepared by precipitation syntheses. HA particle morphology was strongly affected by the reaction temperature – with increasing temperature the larger particles with a clearer morphology were formed, mostly in the rod shape. Postprecipitation hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the morphology of HA particles – it caused the formation of spherical or slightly elongated particles. The reaction medium of water/ethanol significantly affected the particle morphology – it inhibited the particle growth.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast analytical method, but can also be complicated. This spectroscopic method is used to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of a sample. The analysis is carried out by capturing the emission radiation of the generated plasma. The accuracy and stability of the measurement is affected by several parameters, such as stability of the laser, physical and chemical properties of the sample, its homogeneity and others, that can not always be eliminated. For this reason other methods are being added to the LIBS experiment that could improve the quality of this analysis. This diploma thesis is focused on a research of the literature on the standardization of laser-induced plasma signal and the possibility of using an acoustic signal for this purpose. For this reason , it is necessary to perform basic experiments and to verify if the acoustic signal correlates with the emission signal. If these signals correlate together, it would be possible to use the acoustic signal for standardization og the LIBS data, which would improve the accuracy of the analysis. In the theoretical part at the beginning other spectroscopic methods are summarised. Then the work is focused on the description of the LIBS method, possible ways of the analysis, standardization of emission signals and its review in the literature. The experimental part is aimed at the study of the acoustic signal that was performed in the framework of this study. At the beginning, there are introduced results of the basic measurements on steel and brass samples. These results were important for an optimization of the experiment. The following section shows the results obtained from the measurements of the acoustic signal on the samples with the same chemical composition but different hardness. At the end the correlation between the acoustic and emission signals is discussed.

Monogeneans are mainly ectoparasitic on fish, but the family Polystomatidae radiated onto tetrapods and can be found on the skin and gills of the Australian lungfish, in the urinary bladder of frogs, gills and skin of salamanders, cloaca and phalodeum of caecileans, on the eye, nostrils, mouth, cloaca or urinary bladder of freshwater turtles, and on the eye of the hippopotamus. These host organisms are ecologically related through their association with freshwater habitats that favour parasite transmission. Firm attachment is critical to maintain a close relationship with their hosts. Attachment organs usually comprise of several units that are semi related to each other due to the need to form a functional unit. Interactions between subunits are expected to be under stabilising selection, and therefore hinder evolutionary change. Monogeneans are renowned for their effective posterior attachment structures in the form of hooks or hamuli and suckers that secure them, permanently or semi-permanently, to their hosts. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology and functioning of attachment organs of selected polystomes representing different genera. A number of genera were selected in the study of attachment structures, genera included: Protopolystoma, Polystoma, Eupolystoma, Neopolystoma, Polystomoides and Oculotrema. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used to study the external morphology. Histology followed by light microscopy, confocal microscopy and enzyme digestion techniques followed by scanning electron microscopy was used to study the internal morphology. It was found that variation in haptoral components do exist, even among congeners, living for example in the bladder and oral cavity of the same host. Environmental factors relating to host ecology need to be taken into account when studying the morphology of monogenean haptors. Such factors play an important role in the adaptation of monogeneans and have possibly led to the change in microhabitats, which in turn explain the variation of haptoral components between parasites. Not all haptoral structures necessarily function in attachment throughout the entire life of the parasite and different haptoral structures are important for attachment to the host at different developmental stages of the parasite. / PhD, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Monogeneans are mainly ectoparasitic on fish, but the family Polystomatidae radiated onto tetrapods and can be found on the skin and gills of the Australian lungfish, in the urinary bladder of frogs, gills and skin of salamanders, cloaca and phalodeum of caecileans, on the eye, nostrils, mouth, cloaca or urinary bladder of freshwater turtles, and on the eye of the hippopotamus. These host organisms are ecologically related through their association with freshwater habitats that favour parasite transmission. Firm attachment is critical to maintain a close relationship with their hosts. Attachment organs usually comprise of several units that are semi related to each other due to the need to form a functional unit. Interactions between subunits are expected to be under stabilising selection, and therefore hinder evolutionary change. Monogeneans are renowned for their effective posterior attachment structures in the form of hooks or hamuli and suckers that secure them, permanently or semi-permanently, to their hosts. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology and functioning of attachment organs of selected polystomes representing different genera. A number of genera were selected in the study of attachment structures, genera included: Protopolystoma, Polystoma, Eupolystoma, Neopolystoma, Polystomoides and Oculotrema. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used to study the external morphology. Histology followed by light microscopy, confocal microscopy and enzyme digestion techniques followed by scanning electron microscopy was used to study the internal morphology. It was found that variation in haptoral components do exist, even among congeners, living for example in the bladder and oral cavity of the same host. Environmental factors relating to host ecology need to be taken into account when studying the morphology of monogenean haptors. Such factors play an important role in the adaptation of monogeneans and have possibly led to the change in microhabitats, which in turn explain the variation of haptoral components between parasites. Not all haptoral structures necessarily function in attachment throughout the entire life of the parasite and different haptoral structures are important for attachment to the host at different developmental stages of the parasite. / PhD, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The occurrence of ichthyofauna on the territory of the Jizera Mountains (Northern Bohemia, Czech Republic) is limited, besides other factors, by the water chemistry. pH value and pH-related concentration of inorganic monomeric aluminum (Ali) are crucial parameters of the water, determining the survival of fish in streams. Low pH and high concentrations of Ali cause severe damages to fish gills. The thesis deals with the influence of the water chemistry on distribution of ichthyofauna in the Jizera Mts and gill morphology in brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis), a dominant fish species of the upper plateau of the mountains. The results show that the species diversity of fish in acidified streams is lower than that in streams without meaningful acidic episodes. Histopathological analyses of gills of brook charr individuals from an acidified stream confirm, that low pH values and high concentrations of Ali have a cummulative effect and lead to degenerative changes on gills. Key words: The Jizera Mountains, ichthyofauna, brook charr, gill morphology, water chemistry, toxic aluminium, acidification

Diploma thesis "The Lachian of Óndra Łysohorsky as a Microlanguage" deals with literary lachian, a microlanguage, created by the poet Óndra Łysohorsky (own name Ervin Goj) and based on the upper Ostravice dialects. This language should be an attempt to create a new standard language for speakers of lachian dialects. However, the broader public did not accept it and with the exception of a short period at the end of the 30th years of the 20th century Óndra Łysohorsky was the only person, who wrote poems in lachian. It is therefore rather unique poetic idiolect. The language of Łysohorsky's poetry has not yet been explored in detail, systematic grammatical descriptions are completely lacking. The aim of this thesis is to provide a description of the morphology of this unique linguistic phenomenon. For this purpose it was created the lachian language corpus, which contains the vast majority of lachian poetic texts. A language corpus allows a more detailed elaboration of the language material, therefore it was possible to try to sort grammatically all the vocabulary of literary lachian. Each of the paradigmatic types is followed by the list of all the words (which we can determine) inflected according to this declination or conjugation model. Besides the morphological description the thesis tries to...

A common alga of oligotrophic slightly acidic fresh water habitats, Synura sphagnicola, has never been suspected for a presence of cryptic diversity. The publicly available SSU rDNA sequences showed very slight genetic differences between the S. sphagnicola isolates. However, I suspected that if any cryptic lineages exist, the sequencing of ITS region will show the differences between them. A total of 37 S. sphagnicola sequences (36 from Europe and 1 from Korea) were analyzed in this thesis. The ITS rDNA sequencing clearly recognized the presence of two distinct cryptic species, referred here as lineage SP1 and SP2. The morphological analysis of 14 cultivated strains (6 belonging to the lineage SP1 and 8 to the lineage SP2) validated the genetic distinction. The statistical analyses showed that 4 morphological aspects (length of a scale, width of a scale, length of a spine, length of a rim) were found to have significant differences in length of measured factors between species. The most visible difference is in the length of a spine that is connected to the scale. The analysis of published S. sphagnicola scales showed that the two lineages can be morphologically distinguished also in natural conditions. According to the morphological analyses, the lineage SP2 (species with a longer spine)...

This thesis focuses on the issues of lexical negation in French adjectives as well as on other parts of speech - nouns and adverbs. Its objective is the description of functioning of the lexical negation and the examination of restriction, which it is accompanied by. Based on these findings, the practical part (i.e. personal research) will try to define the tendencies of the use of lexical negation in the near future. Last but not least, this thesis also describes the use of general negation or out of standard French language - in argot or in spoken language.