No description available.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p.561-575) Also available on the Internet.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Morocco's strategic location, its society and its relations with the Mediterranean world all had their impact on relations between Morocco and the United States. After American independence, Morocco was one of the first countries to recognize the United States and as a result had better relations with the latter than any of the other North African countries before 163D. The reward for its friendly attitude was much needed when the French conquered Algeria and Morocco came under the threat of European expansion. During the period between 1830 and 1831,, Morocco's policy towards the United States was based on acquiring American support to fend off the Europeans. After 1871, the Moroccans simply classified the United States in the same category as the European countries. Moroccan policy towards the United States in the period between France's conquest of Algeria and its conquest of Morocco itself was affected by both external and internal affairs in Morocco. It was also guided by the reactions of the United States and the latter's growing interests in Morocco. During that period, three factors dominated Moroccan policy. First, Morocco's desire for American support to prevent further European expansion. Second, Morocco's need to resist American pressure when the United States joined in the European penetration. Third, the Moroccan attitude towards events affecting America such as the American Civil War and the Spanish-American War. The desire for suport was a key element of Moroccan policy during the first four decades following the conquest of Algeria. American reaction, however, was weak because it adhered to its traditional policy: the "Monroe Doctrine". The need to resist American pressure was a result of the United States' growing interests in Morocco. These were manifested in American support for the Jewish issue, its involvement in the system of protection and the arrival of its missionaries in Morocco. These new interests, together with those of the Europeans', damaged Morocco's legal system and economy and resulted in the collapse of Moroccan reforms. The only card left in Morocco's hand was prompted by competition against the European powers over Morocco. When the latter settled their competitions, Morocco lost its independence.

Thesis (doctoral)--ha-Universiṭah ha-ʻIvrit bi-Yerushalayim, 1983. / Includes abstract in English. Title on added t.p.: The sociophonology of Hebrew as spoken in a rural settlement of Moroccan Jews in the Negev. Spine title: Pereḳ be-fonologyah ḥevratit. Includes bibliographical references (p. 397-417) and index.

This dissertation investigates the mental representation of the root in the Moroccan dialect of spoken Arabic. While morphemes like roots have traditionally been defined as the smallest unit of sound-meaning correspondence, this definition has been long known to be problematic (Hockett, 1954). Other theories suggest that roots may be abstract units devoid of phonological or semantic content (Pfau, 2009; Harley, 2012) or that words are the basic unit of the mental lexicon (Aronoff, 1994, 2007; Blevins, 2006). The root of Moroccan words is examined with auditory priming experiments, using auditory lexical decision tasks, including the subliminal speech priming technique (Kouider and Dupoux, 2005). Chapter 2 shows that the subliminal speech priming technique should be modified with primes compressed uniformly to 240ms for Moroccan Arabic (the compression rate varies to achieve the uniform 240ms prime duration).Chapters 3 and 4 apply supraliminal and subliminal speech priming technique to Moroccan Arabic. The priming effect of words that share a root are found to be robust and distinct from words which simply share semantic or phonological content. Furthermore, roots which are instantiated as novel coinages produce priming effects, which further suggests that the root is a structural unit. Each related word in a morphological family, however, does not prime all of its relatives, contradicting the idea of a root as a structural unit. These subliminal effects also differ from supraliminal effects, where overlap in phonological form between the prime and target results in facilitation when identifying the target. The results of these experiments suggest that the word is the basic unit of speech perception, rather than the root. The root is is not an mental unit but a property of words or relationship among a morphological family. Competition from phonological neighbors is a late effect, since shared phonology facilitates only with the supraliminal technique but not the subliminal technique. Finally, realizational theories of morphology are supported, since take the word as the basic unit of the lexicon. While the root may not have phonological content per se, root phonology is important for deriving morphological families. Chapter 4 uses weak roots (which do not consistently show three root consonants in each derived form) to show that semi-vowels are encoded as root consonants.

Inaug.-Diss.--Zürich. / Vita. "Diese Arbeit erscheint gleichzeitig in der Schriftenreihe 'Dokumente zur Zeitgeschichte' des Verlages J.P. Bachem, Köln. 1950."