The zone of international administration of Tangier represented one of the last examples of a particular form of internationalised control over strategically and couuuercially important territories. The city and hinterland of Tangier came to form a separate administrative entity within a broader series of international treaties which brought Morocco under French and Spanish protection in 1912. This thesis examines the origins and evolution of the diplomatic negotiations which led to the signature of the Statute of Tangier of 1923, its constitutional basis and its implementation over the twelve years for which it was initially valid. The main argument of the thesis is that as a compromise agreement designed to satisfy the diplomatic and commercial interests of the main signatories of the Statute (France, Spain and Great Britain), the practical application of the Statute was not assured of success. As an international instrument it failed to satisfy the theoretical assumptions underlying similar "internationalised" agreements in assuring equal access to the benefits and control of the zone it created. As a constitutional arrangement, it attributed more rights to those powers - and especially France - which enjoyed a prior claim to influence over Morocco. As an example of international law, it encapsulated an often contradictory respect for the sovereignty and integrity of the territories of the Sultan of Morocco with the demands of practical governance and European international relations. Within the first decade of its application, the Statute nevertheless proved to be a durable and flexible instrument. Through the evolution of pragmatic, and often locally-inspired, solutions to problems of interpretation and balance, the first officials of the international administration set the foundations for a régime which endured, in modified forms, until the independence of Morocco in 1956. The precedents established in the period 1923-1935 served not only to define specific relationships between the institutions created by the Statute. They also determined the autonomy of Tangier relative to the other zones of Morocco, thanks largely to the defence by individual officials of the interests of the Tangier zone.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University. / The purpose of the study is twofold: (1) to bring into objective focus the actual problems many new nations of America now face--i.e. those attendant to the process of building rapidly modern unitary societies from previously segmented, illiterate and primarily tradition-oriented populations; and (2) to broaden and develop social science theory to deal with this relatively new phenomenon. Morocco is our case study. It is immediately recognized that in order for any society, in sociological terms, to exist as an on-going system, it must have a minimal degree of social integration. The concept of social integration has been developed and defined in the context of already established societies. It implies, of course; that a social structure exists and that part of that social structure is devoted to integrative functions [TRUNCATED]

As a result of European externalization of the politics of migration, Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries like Morocco are increasingly co-opted to deter asylum-seekers and other migrants. These latter, criminalized and labelled as ‘illegal’, are prevented from reaching a Europe whose economy nevertheless partially relies on the precarious and low-cost labour of sans-papiers. As Morocco shifts from a country of mainly emigration to also a country of ‘transit’ and immigration, thousands of Sub- Saharan migrants find themselves ‘stranded’, unable to go further, return or gain a meaningful legal status in Morocco. The research focuses on the two poor and densely populated neighbourhoods of Douar Hajja and Maadid, often called after the larger, adjacent neighbourhood Taqaddoum (‘progress’ in Arabic). Reputed to be violent and dangerous, they host a visible, (im)mobile population of irregular, sub-Saharan migrants struggling to cope with everyday life and (re)considering their uncertain migratory journeys. This research engages with recent critical debates in anthropology over ‘mobility’ and ‘illegalization’ to examine how ‘irregular’ sub-Saharan migrants cope with violent abuses and attempt to exert control over their lives in a Moroccan marginal neighbourhood. Exploring migrants’ imagination and hope, it focuses particularly on migrants’ circumscribed agency as well as emerging social relationships and political participation. Rather than adding to the profuse production of migration studies concepts, the thesis contends that migrants’ own articulations of notions such as ‘adventure’ and ‘objective’ offer an analytical tool to overcome some of the pitfalls of other concepts (e.g. transit, imagined community) which do not completely succeed in accounting for migrants’ experiences; their own ambiguities and limits are useful in uncovering some of the dilemmas faced by migrants in Morocco.

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- Universidad de Granada. / "Resumen de tesis doctoral." At head of title: Facultad de Derecho, Departamento de Historia del Derecho Español.

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Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-249). / Electronic reproduction. / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / xv, 249 leaves, bound ill., maps (1 col.) 29 cm

Thesis (doctoral)--Sorbonne, 1975. / Cover title. Includes bibliographical references (p. [893]-909) and index.

Thesis--Leipzig. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-147).

Thesis (doctoral)--Sorbonne, 1975. / Cover title. Includes bibliographical references (p. [893]-909) and index.