Abstract The topic of this thesis is superconducting electric circuits. Technical advances have made possible the experimental study of Josephson junction based circuit elements which sustain quantum mechanical properties long enough to be denoted as quantum devices. The quantum state can be controlled with electronic variables and measured using standard electrical setups. The research is motivated by the possibility to examine quantum phenomena in circumstances that can be customized, prospects of new quantum devices, and the development of quantum information processing. This thesis presents theoretical studies on the nonlinear and stochastic driving of a superconducting quantum two-level system (qubit). We first investigate the energy level shifts a single-Cooper-pair transistor under large amplitude driving realized via the inherently nonlinear Josephson energy by using an external magnetic flux. The effective driving field substantially deviates from a circular polarization and linear coupling. The energy level shifts are compared to the cases of a vanishing and a weak driving field, measured as the Stark shift and the generalized Bloch-Siegert shift, respectively. We describe criteria for the natural basis of the analytical and the numerical calculations. In addition to that, we develop a formalism based on the Floquet method for the weak probe measurement of the strongly driven qubit. In the latter part of the thesis research, we study utilization of a stochastic driving field whose time evolution is not regular but follows probabilistic laws. We concentrate on the motional averaging phenomenon and show that it can be measured with an unparalleled accuracy by employing a flux-modulated transmon qubit. As the stochastically modulated qubit is simultaneously measured with a moderate driving field, we develop a theoretical description accounting the possible interference effects between the modulation and the drive. The comparison with experimental results shows good agreement. Motional averaging phenomenon can be applied to estimate the properties of fluctuation processes occurring in qubits, e.g., the quasiparticle tunneling or the photon shot noise. Resting on the motional averaging, we anticipate that the qubit dephasing times can be improved if one can accelerate the dynamics of two-level fluctuators. We apply a semiclassical formalism where the qubit is treated with quantum mechanical concepts whereas the driving fields are classical. In the solution procedure, the numerical results support the main analytical understanding. As the theoretical results are extensively compared to reflection measurements, we construct an explicit connection between the dynamics of the studied quantum devices and the measured reflection coefficient.

In this thesis the entanglement properties of atom-atom, atom-photon, and photon-photon are investigated. The recent developments of quantum computation as well as quantum information and communication have attracted much interest in the generation of these entanglements in the laboratory. To generate atom-photon entanglement, I discuss a model system in the cavity QED setup. By using a four-level atom and two resonant cavity modes, we can generate atom-photon entanglement almost deterministically. An extension of the above model to a six-level atom and again two resonant cavity modes can generate entangled photon pairs by appropriately adjusting system parameters. I then investigate the atom-atom entanglement in a 1D harmonic trap. I show the dependence of the pair entanglement on the scattering length and temperature, as well as the particle symmetry requirement (bosons or fermions). Among many peculiar properties in a 1D system, we briefly discuss the Fermi-Bose duality". While the entanglement properties of a single-channel model have recently been obtained for 1D and 3D systems, I thus study the entanglement of a multi-channel process in a cylindrical harmonic trap. I discuss the dependence of entanglement on the trap geometry. Finally I present detailed studies of the spin mixing between two Rb87 atoms in a single lattice site. The topic is emphasized on various motional state approximations and dipolar effect. Various motional state approximations can cause up to 20% error to experimental data. I also find that the dipolar interaction can lead to an experimentally observable frequency shift in a cylindrical harmonic trap with very large aspect ratio. The spin mixing of spin-2 manifold has also been discussed.

This diploma project is engaged in attest to an interventional move programme for integration of mentally affected people. I was testing this programme once a week for five months in terms of one hour at the Special school in Soběslav. This five months running cycle was suspended by holidays. The experimental group was created with 12 pupils between 8 and 17 years old with a middle mentally handicapped from this school. Due to using the standardized tests I tried to find out whether pupils could improve their abilities in these chosen criteria of motoric competence. Children were tested before and after application of the interventional programme. For compare was used other group at basic school in Soběslav too. This group was created with 12 pupils between 10 {--} 18 years old with middle major mentally handicapped. Statistical methods were used to data evaluation .

The aim of my thesis was to check the level of motional facilities from the artistic gymnastic at Grammar Schools in České Budějovice, The main part of this work is the analytic part, which determines the conception "gym" and describes the substitution in the physical education. The main way of working I prefered was the temporary time nest-egg. There is the most important and alarming result that according to the methods mentioned above, the pupils often reach average or below the positive motivative and attractive at all examinated schools.

Sensing devices developed upon resonant microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical (M/NEMS) system technology have become one of the most attractive areas of research over the past decade. These devices make exceptional sensing platforms because of their miniscule dimensions and resonant modes of operation, which are found to be extremely sensitive to added mass. Along their unique sensing attributes, they also offer foundry compatible microfabrication processes, low DC power consumption, and CMOS integration compatibility. In this work, electrostatically and piezoelectrically actuated RF MEMS bulk resonators have been investigated for mass sensing applications. The capacitively-transduced resonators employed electrostatic actuation to achieve desired resonance mode shapes. These devices were fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates with a device layer resistivity ranging from 0.005 Ω cm to 0.020 Ω cm. The electrode-to-resonator capacitive gap was defined by two different techniques: oxidation enabled gap reduction and sacrificial atomic layer deposition (ALD). For oxidation enabled gap reduction, a hard mask composed of silicon nitride and polysilicon is deposited, patterned, and defined using standard MEMS thin-film layer deposition and fabrication techniques. The initial lithographically-defined capacitive gap of 1 μm is further reduced to ~300 nm by a wet furnace oxidation process. Subsequently, the reduced gap is transferred to the device layer using a customized dry high-aspect-ratio dry etching technique. For sacrificial approach, a ~100 nm-thin ALD aluminum oxide sidewall spacer is chemically etched away as the last microfabrication step to define the ~100 nm capacitive gap. Small capacitive gaps developed in this work results in small motional resistance (Rm) values, which relax the need of the read-out circuitry by enhancing the signal transduction. Piezoelectrically-actuated resonators were developed using thin-film bulk acoustic resonant (FBAR or TFBAR) and thin-film piezoelectric-on-substrate (TPoS) technologies with reported Q factors and resonant frequencies as high as 10,638 and 776.54 MHz, respectively, along with measured motional resistance values as low as 169Ω. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first one that demonstrated TPoS resonators using LPCVD polysilicon as an alternative low loss structural layer to single-crystal silicon with Q factors as high as ~3,000 (in air) and measured motional resistance values as low as 6 kΩ with an equivalent acoustic velocity of 6,912 m s-1 for a 7 μm thick layer. Polysilicon based TPoS single devices were measured with the coefficient of resonant frequency of -3.77 ppm/°C, which was the lowest ever reported for this type of devices. Also a novel releasing process, thin-piezo on single crystal reactive etched (TPoSCRE), allows us to develop of TPoS resonators without the need to SOI wafers. The fabricated devices using this technique were reported with Q factor exceeding ~1,000 and measured motional resistance values as low as 9 kΩ. The sensitivity of a fourth-order contour mode ZnO-on-SOI disk resonator based mass sensor was determined by performing multiple depositions of platinum micro-pallets using a focus ion beam (FIB) equipped with gas injection system on strategically-chosen locations. It was found out that the sensitivity of the resonator on its maximal and minimal displacement points was of 1.17 Hz fg-1 and 0.334 Hz fg-1, respectively. Also, the estimated limit of detection of the resonator was found to be a record breaking 367 ag (1 ag = 10-18g) compared to devices with similar modes of resonance. Lastly, a lateral-extensional resonator was used to measure the weight of HKUST-1 MOF crystal cluster. The weight of it was found to be 24.75 pg and 31.19 pg by operating two lateral resonant modes, respectively.

Title: Nutrition habits of Czech athletes with focus on nutrition supplements use. Objectives: The aim of this work is to map the eating habits and nutrition supplements use by athletes in the Czech Republic. Methods: In this work, we have used the method of public inquiry. The inquiry was distributed over many sport centres and facilities around the Czech Republic. 1373 inquiries were opened and 1064 of them returned filled in. The revision of the returned inquiries with sorting out only properly filled in ones, which provided the required information for further analysis, followed subsequently. There were 1027 inquiries from athletes from 75 cities of the Czech Republic used. 752 men and 275 women (age 7 to 54 years) from sports: athletics, basketball, football, handball, judo, swimming, taekwondo, triathlon and volleyball have participated the survey. Results: We found out, that approximately 79 % of Czech athletes do care about their nutrition and keep to the consummation of 4 to 6 meals per day. Semi - occasionally people choose the second dinner as a meal in their regime, only 30 % of respondents abide to this. Various "dietary programmes" were at some time in life tried mostly by women, where the frequency rises with the age. However, only around 26 % of the athletes have ever tried one of...

In contrast to the static snapshots provided by protein crystallography, G protein-coupled receptors constitute a group of proteins with highly dynamic properties, which are required in the receptors’ function as signaling molecule. Here, the human neuropeptide Y2 receptor was reconstituted into a model membrane composed of monounsaturated phospholipids and solid-state NMR was used to characterize its dynamics. Qualitative static 15N NMR spectra and quantitative determination of 1H-13C order parameters through measurement of the 1H-13C dipolar couplings of the CH, CH2 and CH3 groups revealed axially symmetric motions of the whole molecule in the membrane and molecular fluctuations of varying amplitude from all molecular segments. The molecular order parameters (Sbackbone = 0.59-0.67, SCH2 = 0.41-0.51 and SCH3 = 0.22) obtained in directly polarized 13C NMR experiments demonstrate that the Y2 receptor is highly mobile in the native-like membrane. Interestingly, according to these results the receptor was found to be slightly more rigid in the membranes formed by the monounsaturated phospholipids than by saturated phospholipids as investigated previously. This could be caused by an increased chain length of the monounsaturated lipids, which may result in a higher helical content of the receptor. Furthermore, the incorporation of cholesterol, phosphatidylethanolamine, or negatively charged phosphatidylserine into the membrane did not have a significant influence on the molecular mobility of the Y2 receptor.

The main topic of this diploma thesis is Motional activity and Personality structure of czech adult population with focus of men. Research examined 40 men from the ages 20 to 60 years. The theoretical part is dealing with personality structure, five-factor model of personality, motional activity of adults and gait. In the research part the motional activity was measured using the pedometer Yamax Digiwalker SW-700. The personality structure was taken with the help of a fivefactor questionaire called NEO personality inventory. The research results confirmed a relationship between the personality trait and volume of motional activity.

The aim of this work was to attest an interventional programme for integration of mentally affected people. I was testing this programme once a week for 5 months in the Special school in Prachatice. In the experimental group there were 10 persons between 10 and 17 years of age. Using the standardized tests I tried to find out whether the persons would improve their abilities in the chosen criteria of motoric competence and social accommodation. Children were tested before and after application of the interventional programme. The control group with persons from the Special school in Prachatice was used for comparison. In this group there were 10 children 10 {--} 18 years of age. Statistical analysis was used for data evaluation.

Title: Process of motional abilities for under 16 ice hockey players in preliminary term Author: Bc. Branislav Lobotka Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Jiří Suchý, Ph.D. Objective: The aim of this thesis was to design and implement a training program for development of motor skills of junior ice hockey players and it's subsequent verification in practice during preparation period 2011/2012. This thesis is based and builds on author's Bachelor thesis, in which the author analysed fitness preparation of juniors in preparation period 2010/2011. In the thesis are both fitness programs compared and analysed. As for scientific research, the author worked with hockey team HK Dukla Trencin. Conclusions and hypothesis are listed in the conclusion of the thesis. Methods: In thesis was used method of research, the method of observation, methods of literary sources, method of interview and method of measurement and testing. Results: The obtained results should form a basis for further development of fitness plans for junior ice hockey players' preparation periods. Key words: ice-hockey, athletic phase, motional abilities, U16 ice-hockey players, training, tests.