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No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of the present study is to extend past outcome-dependent models of Sport Competition Anxiety (SCA) to include attribution theory as an appraisal process of past performance outcome. It was hypothesized that unstable causal attributions for past unexpected performances would lead to uncertain expectations of future performance and subsequent SCA. Sixty-three male subjects were assessed for initial expectations of how they would perform in a cycling task, i.e., high and low, in which each subject received false feedback about his performance (success or failure). After completing the task, subjects completed questionnaires assessing the discrepancy between expected and actual outcome, attributions for past performance (Causal Dimension Scale), expectation for future performance, and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 which measures state cognitive and somatic anxiety and state self-confidence. Contrary to predictions, results indicated that attribution did not mediate SCA, but rather attributions were made systematically in response to success and failure and not unexpected outcome. However, path analysis carried out on a modified model of SCA that includes outcome and expectations of future performance, indicated that somatic anxiety and state self-confidence are mediated by expectation of future success. The findings are discussed in terms of attribution theory and other cognitive constructs (e.g., self-schemata and efficacy expectations) that might have an impact on attributional patterns that lead to performance expectations and SCA. It is noted that because only male subjects were used, generalizability to female competitors may not be appropriate due to differences in sport socialization. / Department of Psychological Science

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of conjunctive affiliation/achievement needs on the selection of compliance-gaining activity. Research questions asked to what extent conjunctive achievement/affiliation needs would influence the selection of situation management options, compliance-gaining tactics, and tactic classifications. A modified version of the Adjective Check List was used to measure need orientations. Subjects responded to a hypothetical situation by indicating on a seven-level Likert-type scale their likelihood of selecting situation management options and compliancegaining tactics. This study also investigated the likelihood of selecting tactic classifications as developed by Roloff and Barnicott (1978).MANOVA tests revealed significant differences among groups' likelihood to select threat, anti-social tactics, and punishing activity tactics. Specific group differentials were identified using Scheffe's procedure where significant multivariate differences were found. Future researchers were encouraged to continue investigation in this area. / Department of Speech Communication

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of self-motivation and several non-psychological variables on injured athletes' adherence to rehabilitation. Twenty-five (17 male, 8 female) injured intercollegiate athletes from several sports (football, gymnastics, diving, swimming, volleyball, cross country/track, baseball, and tennis) participated. After injured athletes reported to the training room for treatment, they were informed of the study by the head athletic trainers. Athletes agreeing to participate were required to complete an injury information form and the Self-Motivation Inventory. The head athletic trainers recorded injury information, attendance to rehabilitation, and made judgments regarding each athletes' adherence to rehabilitation.Adherence was measured four different ways (i.e., attendance rates, trainer judgments, trainer rankings, and a combination of the previous three to create an overall adherence measure). The results of this study are inconclusive, due to the fact that the different adherence measures did not agree for each independent measure. The results, however, suggest that self-motivation and certain non-psychological variables (i.e., academic class, scholarship status, and injury severity) may serve as predictors of injured athletes' adherence to rehabilitation. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

The purpose of the study was to determine if perceived severity of the consequences of physical inactivity is an important component for exercise motivation in college students. The participants of the study were 581 college students who had enrolled in HSC 160, Fundamentals of Human Health, at Ball State University during the spring semester of 2001. Using a cross-sectional data collection process, participants completed a survey instrument consisting of the stages of change for exercise scale, the perceived severity of the consequences of physical inactivity scale, and demographic questions.The data were analyzed using both univariate and bivariate analyses. Specific descriptive and inferential statistic analyses were used to: 1) determine the degree of association between the participants' perceived severity and their identified stages of change for exercise, 2) examine the relationship between the stages of change for exercise and the participants' demographic characteristics, and 3) determine the difference between perceived severity of consequences of physical inactivity and the Participants' demographic characteristics. / Department of Physiology and Health Science

During a crime event, witnesses may have to judge the veracity of a suspect. I hypothesized that, because performing this task is cognitively demanding, (a) it would impair subsequent memory for details about the suspect and (b) judging veracity while motivated to do so as accurately as possible would exaggerate this effect. These predictions were supported. Additionally, witnesses who judged veracity reported increased certainty about the accuracy of their description and message and their identification of the suspect compared to control witnesses, and they also said they had a better view of the suspect and paid more attention to him. Motivation further inflated some of these testimony-relevant judgments. Moreover, compared to control witnesses, motivated witnesses who judged veracity reported a greater willingness to testify and a clearer image of the suspect in their memory. / Department of Psychological Science