Ces travaux de thèse s'incrivent dans le cadre du traitement de gaz acides et captage CO2 dans les colonnes à garnissages structurés. Les gaz à traiter réagissent avec un liquide s'écoulant à contre-courant sur des plaques métalliques dont la compléxité géométrique permet d'accroître l'aire d'échange, et donc l'efficacité du procédé. Dans un contexte de modélisation multi-échelles des contacteurs à garnissages structurés, les écoulements gaz-liquide à la plus petite échelle géométrique des plaques de garnissages (de l'ordre de l'épaisseur du film liquide) sont étudiés, pour améliorer la compréhension et la modélisation des écoulements diphasiques et phénomènes de mouillage dans les garnissages. L'objectif final est de développer une méthodologie CFD pour reproduire des écoulements diphasiques 3D sur des géométries complexes telles que les plaques de garnissages. Pour ce faire, il est nécessaire de progresser en méthodes numériques et de proposer des méthodes expérimentales pour observer des écoulements de film liquide sur des géométries complexes. Ces travaux comprennent une partie numérique et une partie expérimentale. Un écoulement sur une plaque de garnissage structuré peut présenter des zones sèches, et donc des lignes de contact (dynamiques), ce qui présente un défi en simulation numérique à cause des différentes échelles de l'écoulement. La méthodologie employée ici en simulation numérique consiste à résoudre l'écoulement jusqu'à une échelle intermédiaire en modélisant les effets des plus petites échelles. Le code de calcul Two-Phase Level-Set a été utilisé et modifié dans ce but. Différentes méthodes level-set ont d'abord été testées de manière à identifier une méthode satisfaisante quant à la réduction des erreurs de conservation de masse, un problème rencontré en level-set. Il est ici montré que certaines combinaisons de schémas de discrétisation spatiale et temporelle permettent de réduire considérablement ces erreurs de conservation de masse. Après avoir réalisé de nombreux tests de validation, une nouvelle méthode numérique est proposée pour simuler les grandes échelles d'écoulements diphasiques 3D avec ligne de contact dynamique en level-set, dans des conditions réalistes. La méthode est ici validée pour des écoulements axisymétriques de gouttes simulés en 3D, en régime visqueux et en régime inertiel, et pour des écoulements de gouttes sur plan incliné. Les résultats sont en très bon accord avec d'autres travaux numériques et expérimentaux. Afin de faciliter l'utilisation de cette méthodologie pour des applications industrielles, un modèle sous-maille similaire a été implémenté dans un code VOF commercial; les résultats sont aussi en très bon accord avec d'autres travaux. En plus de ces développements numériques, une campagne expérimentale est mise en oeuvre pour observer des écoulements de film liquide sur une plaque de garnissage structuré. Les méthodes expérimentales employées sont d'abord testées et validées pour des écoulements de film plat ou ondulé sur plan incliné, et ensuite utilisées pour observer des écoulements de film sur des plaques de garnissage. L'épaisseur de film liquide est mesurée aux creux et aux crêtes des picots des plaques de garnissages, pour différents débits, par imagerie confocale chromatique. Des lois de puissance de l'épaisseur de film en fonction du Reynolds sont proposées; celles-ci sont très différentes suivant la position des relevés de mesure, aux creux ou aux crêtes des picots. La vitesse à l'interface de l'écoulement gaz-liquide est aussi mesurée, par PIV et PTV, en utilisant des particules hydrophobes. Les résultats montrent que le liquide a tendance à dévier du creux des canaux (corrugations), et la norme de la vitesse semblent présenter des extremums correspondant aux creux et crêtes des picots. [...] / The work described in this thesis is motivated by the use of structured packing columns in acid gas treatment and post-combustion CO2 capture. In a counter-current mode, flue gases react with the liquid that flows down over metal sheets, the geometrical complexity of which allows increasing the specific interfacial area, and thereby the overall efficiency of the process. In the context of multiscale modeling of structured-packing contacting devices, the focus in this work is on the gas-liquid flows at the smallest geometrical scale of packing sheets, of the order of the liquid film thickness, aiming to improve understanding and modeling of two-phase flows and wetting phenomena in structured packings. The ultimate objective is to build up a CFD methodology to reproduce 3D two-phase flows over complex surfaces such as structured packing sheets. For this purpose, progress is necessary both in pertinent computational methods and in the adaptation of experimental methods for observing liquid film flows over complex surfaces. This thesis therefore consists of computational and experimental parts. Flows over structured packing sheets may exhibit dry zones, and hence (moving) contact lines, the numerical simulation of which presents a computational challenge due to the disparity in length scales involved. Here, the methodology for large-scale numerical simulations of flows with moving contact lines consists in resolving the flow down to an intermediate scale and modeling effects of smaller ones. The parallelized freeware Two-Phase Level-Set has been extended for this purpose. First though, because some level-set methods have been reproached to yield mass conservation issues, an assessment is made of the mass conservation properties of a range of level-set methods. It is demonstrated that the combined use of some spatial and temporal discretization schemes allows to drastically reduce mass conservation errors in level-set methods. Having thus implemented a level-set method with satisfactory performance at such tests (and others), a novel numerical method is proposed to perform 3D large-scale simulations of flows with moving contact lines in level-set, under realistic conditions. Validation tests of axisymmetric droplet spreading in a viscous, and in an inertial regime, simulated in 3D, and sliding drops are shown to be in excellent agreement with prior experimental and numerical work. The results show that complex contact-line dynamics observed in prior experimental studies on sliding droplets can be simulated using the present large-scale methodology. To facilitate dissemination of this work in industrial applications, a similar subgrid model has been implemented in a commercial volume-of-fluid code; results of validation tests are shown to be in excellent agreement with other work. These computational developments are accompanied by an experimental campaign to observe liquid film flows over structured packing sheets. All experimental methods used herein are tested and validated for flat and wavy films down an inclined plane before being used for observing liquid film flows over packing sheets. The film thickness is measured at local troughs and crests of small-scale corrugations of the structured packing sheet, for different flow rates, by Chromatic Confocal Imaging. Power laws of the Reynolds number for the mean liquid film thickness are suggested, with significant differences for measurements at crests compared to that at troughs. Interface velocity measurements are also performed by PIV and PTV using hydrophobic particles. Results reveal that the liquid tends to deviate from troughs of large-scale corrugations, and seems to exhibit local extrema of the velocity magnitude corresponding to troughs and crests of small-scale corrugations. [...]

<div>This dissertation focuses on a consistent and conservative Phase-Field method for multiphase flow problems, and it includes both model and scheme development. The first general question addressed in the present study is the multiphase volume distribution problem. A consistent and conservative volume distribution algorithm is developed to solve the problem, which eliminates the production of local voids, overfilling, or fictitious phases, but follows the mass conservation of each phase. One of its applications is to determine the Lagrange multipliers that enforce the mass conservation in the Phase-Field equation, and a reduction consistent conservative Allen-Cahn Phase-Field equation is developed. Another application is to remedy the mass change due to implementing the contact angle boundary condition in the Phase-Field equations whose highest spatial derivatives are second-order. As a result, using a 2nd-order Phase-Field equation to study moving contact line problems becomes possible.</div><div><br></div><div>The second general question addressed in the present study is the coupling between a given physically admissible Phase-Field equation to the hydrodynamics. To answer this general question, the present study proposes the <i>consistency of mass conservation</i> and the <i>consistency of mass and momentum transport</i>, and they are first implemented to the Phase-Field equation written in a conservative form. The momentum equation resulting from these two consistency conditions is Galilean invariant and compatible with the kinetic energy conservation, regardless of the details of the Phase-Field equation. It is further illustrated that the 2nd law of thermodynamics and <i>consistency of reduction</i> of the entire multiphase system only rely on the properties of the Phase-Field equation. All the consistency conditions are physically supported by the control volume analysis and mixture theory. If the Phase-Field equation has terms that are not in a conservative form, those terms are treated by the proposed consistent formulation. As a result, the proposed consistency conditions can always be implemented. This is critical for large-density-ratio problems.</div><div><br></div><div>The consistent and conservative numerical framework is developed to preserve the physical properties of the multiphase model. Several new techniques are developed, including the gradient-based phase selection procedure, the momentum conservative method for the surface force, the boundedness mapping resulting from the volume distribution algorithm, the "DGT" operator for the viscous force, and the correspondences of numerical operators in the discrete Phase-Field and momentum equations. With these novel techniques, numerical analyses ensure that the mass of each phase and momentum of the multiphase mixture are conserved, the order parameters are bounded in their physical interval, the summation of the volume fractions of the phases is unity, and all the consistency conditions are satisfied, on the fully discrete level and for an arbitrary number of phases. Violation of the consistency conditions results in inconsistent errors proportional to the density contrasts of the phases. All the numerical analyses are carefully validated, and various challenging multiphase flows are simulated. The results are in good agreement with the exact/asymptotic solutions and with the existing numerical/experimental data.</div><div> </div><div><br></div><div>The multiphase flow problems are extended to including mass (or heat) transfer in moving phases and solidification/melting driven by inhomogeneous temperature. These are accomplished by implementing an additional consistency condition, i.e., <i>consistency of volume fraction conservation</i>, and the diffuse domain approach. Various problems are solved robustly and accurately despite the wide range of material properties in those problems.</div>