Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin, 1936. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [48]-51).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

In 2011 and 2012 a Vibroseis™ seismic reflection survey, consisting of one westeast and one north-south seismic reflection profile, was conducted near the community of Aden (Hamilton County), Illinois, for hydrocarbon exploration purposes. Previous interpretations of the west-east seismic line (Ranaweera, 2015), as well as drill cuttings (Cantrell, 2011) from a nearby well (Webb #1), indicated the existence of a mud-mound within the Ullin Limestone. This thesis studied the shape and dimensions, as well as the seismic velocity properties, of the Aden mud-mound by re-processing and interpreting the Aden seismic reflection data. The interpretation process was aided by constructing two-dimensional synthetic seismograms from well log data from the nearby Broughton and Johnsonville oil fields, which are known locations of Waulsortian mud-mounds similar to the one inferred to exist at Aden. The results of this investigation indicate that the Aden mudmound has a longitudinal extent of approximately 0.6 miles (0.97 km) wide across the west-east ADEN #1 profile. From north-to-south on the ADEN #2 profile, the feature is approximately 0.7 miles (1.13 km) long. The geologic feature is located within the Ullin Limestone (Lower Mississippian) and is only manifested by the draping of younger strata overlying the mud-mound as observed on the seismic reflection images. Results from the 2D synthetic seismograms indicate that the seismic reflections generated across the known mud-mounds at Broughton and Johnsonville are similar to the seismic reflections seen at the location of the interpreted mud-mound on the Aden seismic reflection data. The presence of the Aden mud-mound is inferred by the draping of overlying strata above the mud-mound. This is interpreted to be caused by the increase in stratigraphic relief at the top of the Ullin, which becomes thicker at the mud-mound locations. Geologic and well log data from drill holes at Aden revealed that the interpreted Aden mud-mound formed in the Harrodsburg Member of the Ullin Limestone. The Harrodsburg is approximately 90 feet (27 meters) thick at Aden but becomes thicker at the location Webb #1 (up to 152 feet) where the mud-mound is located, indicating that the Aden mud-mound is at least 152 feet thick, when measured from the base of the Harrodsburg Member. A study of Root-Mean-Squared (RMS) and interval velocities, derived from sonic and pseudo-sonic log data from wells from the Aden, Broughton, and Johnsonville locations, indicated that RMS and interval velocities from the upper member (Harrodsburg Member) of the Ullin Limestone are higher than RMS and interval velocities present in the lower member (Ramp Creek Member) of the Ullin. Stacking velocities derived from the Aden seismic reflection data matched the RMS velocity values derived from sonic log data from drill holes at Aden with percent differences of less than 5%. This study indicates that stacking velocities at this location are accurate enough (within approximately 5%) to perform velocity studies when well log data from drill holes are not available. Additionally, there were no significant variations in stacking velocity profiles in the Ullin Limestone atthe Aden mud-mound location when compared to stacking velocity profiles derived at CMP locations away from the mud-mound. Likewise, there were no significant variations between RMS and Interval velocity profiles of the Ullin Limestone, derived from wells that were drilled into mud-mound locations at Aden, Broughton, and Johnsonville, and RMS and interval velocity profiles derived from wells that were drilled away from the mud-mound locations. The conclusion of this study is that RMS and interval velocity profiles, as well as stacking velocity profiles from seismic reflection data, are not good indicators for pinpointing the existence and location of carbonate mud-mounds. The best method to identify such carbonate structures is by interpreting their structure observed on seismic reflection records, including the draping effect on shallow reflections above the mudmound as observed in the recorded seismic reflection data, and by analyzing drill cuttings if available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-13T13:27:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-09-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-13T13:33:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000855240.pdf: 3017456 bytes, checksum: f98d71e59e31894f8bb00ea66b528f69 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar as propriedades da lama vermelha brasileira natural, tratada termicamente a 400ºC e tratada quimicamente por ácido clorídrico (HCI) e nitrato de cálcio (Ca(NO3)2), e avaliar a sua capacidade de adsorção de níquel (Nr2+) e zinco (Zn2+) em soluções aquosas. A influência da variação do pH no processo de adsorção foi analisada, encontrando-se o pH 7, dentre os valores estudados, como o ideal para a adsorção. Também foram realizados testes de adsorção com variação da concentração inicial de Nr2+ e Zn2+, em pH 5-5,5; a partir dos quais foram elaboradas isotermas de adsorção ajustadas pelos modelos de Freundlich e Langmuir. Como resultado, percebeu-se que a lama vermelha é um adsorvente efetivo de Nr2+ e Zn2+, sendo a lama ativada termicamente a que apresentou maior capacidade de adsorção para ambos os metais, tendo sido encontrados os valores de 1,86 mmol/g para o Nr2+ e 1,43 mmol/g para o Zn2+. Além disso, o tempo de equlíbrio de sete horas foi encontrado e a cinética da reação foi estudada por meio dos modelos de pseudo-primeira ordem, pseudo-segunda ordem, Elovich e difusão intrapartículas, em pH 5-5,5. Concluiu-se que a reação de adsorção seguiu o modelo sde pseudo-segunda ordem. Também foram realizados estudos de termodinâmica, em pH 5-5,5, indicando que a reação de adsorção é endotérmica e que os metais possuem afinidade com a lma vermelha. Sendo assim, pode-se concluir que a lama vermelha tem potencial para ser utilizada como um adsorvente de baixo custo de aquisição para o tratamento de efluentes contaminados por metais / This study aimed to characterize the properties of natural Brazilian red mud, heat treated red mud at 400ºC and chemically treated red mud by hydrochloric acid (HCI) and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), and evaluate its adsorption capacity for nickel (Nr2+) and zinc (Zn2+) in aqueous. Influence of pH variation in adsorption process was analyzed, finding pH 7, among studied values, as the ideal for adsorption. Also adsorption tests varying Nr2+ and Zn2+ initial concentrations were performed, at pH 5-5,5, and adsorption isotherms adjusted by Freundlich and Langmuir models were prepared. As a result, red mud was considered an effective Nr2+ and Zn2+ adsorbent. The thermally activated red mud showed the highest adsorption capacity for both metals, presenting maximum adsorption values of 1.86 mmol/g for Nr2+ and 1.43 mmol/g for Zn2+. Furthermore, the equilibration time of seven hours was found and pseudo -first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models were used to study the kinetics, at pH 5-5,5. The results showed reaction of adsorption followed the pseudo-second order model. Also thermodynamic studies, at pH 5-5,5, were conducted, which indicated adsorption reaction is endothermic and the metals have affinity to red mud. Thus, it was concluded that red mud has potential to be used as an adsorbent of low acquisition cost for treatment of effluents contaminated by metals / FAPESP: 13/00994-6

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-13T13:27:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-28. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-13T13:33:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000854134.pdf: 8399022 bytes, checksum: bc2f92bd7367204e3fca051d693b92ae (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A lama vermelha é um resíduo alcalino do processo Bayer, sendo descartada pela indústria e oferencendo riscos ambientais. Ela é rica em óxidos de Al, Ca, Si, Fe e Ti e por suas características tem sido estudada em diferentes áreas. Recentemente, alguns estudos apontaram seu uso como revestimento de metais. A oxidação eletrolítica assistida por plasma (PEO) vem se destacando por ser empregado industrialmente, uma vez que essa técnica permite o revestimento de paças de qualquer geometria, podendo revestir peças externa e internamente, além de não utilizar compostos nocivos ao meio ambiente. Assim, por suas propriedades, neste estudo a lama vermelha foi utilizada para a fabricação de revestimentos em liga de alumínio 5052 através de PEO, visando a proteção contra desgaste mecânico e também à valorização deste resíduo. O planejamento de experimentos seguiu o fatorial 2, onde foram variados os parâmetros de frequencia (200 e 300 Hz), tempo de deposição (10 e 20 minutos) e concentração da solução eletrolítica composta por lama vermelha (1 e 5 g/L). A voltagem foi mantida constante e com valor de 600 V para todas as deposições, o ciclo de trabalho foi de 60% também para todas as deposições. Reusos da solução também foram estudados. A lama vermelha foi analisada por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura e Espectroscopia de Dispersão de Energia (MEV/EDS), Difratometria de Raios-X (DRX) e Espectroscopia no Infravermelho (FTIR). Os revestimentos foram analisados por MEV/EDS, DRX, FTIR, rugosidade, molhabilidade, energia de superfície, corrente parasita e ensaio de desgaste por pino-sobre-disco. A lama vermelha apresentou ser composta por C, O, Na, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, S e P, nas fases de rutilo, hematita, magnetita, goetita, gibbsita, quartzo, óxido de silício, alumina, caolinita, sodalita e calcita. Os revestimentos apresentaram O, Mg, Na, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, S e P. As fases de alumínio metálico, alumina... / Red mud is an alkaline residue of Bayer process, discarded by industry, which can contaminate groundwater and surface water, beyond the risk of containment burst. It contains Al, Ca, Si, Fe and Ti oxides and for its characteristics has been studied in different areas. Recently, some studies have reported its use as a metal couting. Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) is an emerging tecnique highly employed in industry for external ans internal recovery, once this technique allows the recovery of any geometry and being no environmental harmful. Thus, for its characteristics, red mud was studied as 5052 aluminum alloy coating through the plasma electrolytic deposition technique, to protect against wear, and also to add value to this residue. The design of experiments followed the factorial 2, where the following parameters were varied: frequency (200 and 300 Hz), deposition time (10 and 20 minutes) and concentration of the electrolyte solution, composed of red mud (1 and 5 g/L). The voltage voltage was kept constant at 600 V for all depositions, the duty cycle was 60% for all depositions as well. Red mud was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy Energy Dispersive (SEM/EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). This coating were analyzed by SEM/EDS, XRD, FTIR, roughness, wettability, surface energy, eddy current and wear testing with pin-on-disk. Red mud consists of C, O, Na, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, S and P, in rutile, hematite, magnetite, goethite, gibbsite, quartz, silicon oxide, alumina, kaolinite, sodalite and calcite phases. The coatings are composed of O, Mg, Na, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, S and P. The phases of metallic aluminum, allumina, iron, titanium, spinel and iron titanium were identified. Although, in two series, alpha alumina may have occurred. The FTIR analysis showed presence of Al-O, Si-O, Si-Al-O, O-H and Fe-O bondings. The coatings increased the roughness of the substrate, ranging from 0.33...

Orientador: Maria Lúcia Pereira Antunes / Banca: José Antônio da Silva Souza / Banca: Nilson Cristino da Cruz / Resumo: A lama vermelha é um resíduo alcalino do processo Bayer, sendo descartada pela indústria e oferencendo riscos ambientais. Ela é rica em óxidos de Al, Ca, Si, Fe e Ti e por suas características tem sido estudada em diferentes áreas. Recentemente, alguns estudos apontaram seu uso como revestimento de metais. A oxidação eletrolítica assistida por plasma (PEO) vem se destacando por ser empregado industrialmente, uma vez que essa técnica permite o revestimento de paças de qualquer geometria, podendo revestir peças externa e internamente, além de não utilizar compostos nocivos ao meio ambiente. Assim, por suas propriedades, neste estudo a lama vermelha foi utilizada para a fabricação de revestimentos em liga de alumínio 5052 através de PEO, visando a proteção contra desgaste mecânico e também à valorização deste resíduo. O planejamento de experimentos seguiu o fatorial 2, onde foram variados os parâmetros de frequencia (200 e 300 Hz), tempo de deposição (10 e 20 minutos) e concentração da solução eletrolítica composta por lama vermelha (1 e 5 g/L). A voltagem foi mantida constante e com valor de 600 V para todas as deposições, o ciclo de trabalho foi de 60% também para todas as deposições. Reusos da solução também foram estudados. A lama vermelha foi analisada por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura e Espectroscopia de Dispersão de Energia (MEV/EDS), Difratometria de Raios-X (DRX) e Espectroscopia no Infravermelho (FTIR). Os revestimentos foram analisados por MEV/EDS, DRX, FTIR, rugosidade, molhabilidade, energia de superfície, corrente parasita e ensaio de desgaste por pino-sobre-disco. A lama vermelha apresentou ser composta por C, O, Na, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, S e P, nas fases de rutilo, hematita, magnetita, goetita, gibbsita, quartzo, óxido de silício, alumina, caolinita, sodalita e calcita. Os revestimentos apresentaram O, Mg, Na, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, S e P. As fases de alumínio metálico, alumina... / Abstract: Red mud is an alkaline residue of Bayer process, discarded by industry, which can contaminate groundwater and surface water, beyond the risk of containment burst. It contains Al, Ca, Si, Fe and Ti oxides and for its characteristics has been studied in different areas. Recently, some studies have reported its use as a metal couting. Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) is an emerging tecnique highly employed in industry for external ans internal recovery, once this technique allows the recovery of any geometry and being no environmental harmful. Thus, for its characteristics, red mud was studied as 5052 aluminum alloy coating through the plasma electrolytic deposition technique, to protect against wear, and also to add value to this residue. The design of experiments followed the factorial 2, where the following parameters were varied: frequency (200 and 300 Hz), deposition time (10 and 20 minutes) and concentration of the electrolyte solution, composed of red mud (1 and 5 g/L). The voltage voltage was kept constant at 600 V for all depositions, the duty cycle was 60% for all depositions as well. Red mud was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy Energy Dispersive (SEM/EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). This coating were analyzed by SEM/EDS, XRD, FTIR, roughness, wettability, surface energy, eddy current and wear testing with pin-on-disk. Red mud consists of C, O, Na, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, S and P, in rutile, hematite, magnetite, goethite, gibbsite, quartz, silicon oxide, alumina, kaolinite, sodalite and calcite phases. The coatings are composed of O, Mg, Na, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, S and P. The phases of metallic aluminum, allumina, iron, titanium, spinel and iron titanium were identified. Although, in two series, alpha alumina may have occurred. The FTIR analysis showed presence of Al-O, Si-O, Si-Al-O, O-H and Fe-O bondings. The coatings increased the roughness of the substrate, ranging from 0.33... / Mestre

Orientador: Ronaldo Stefanutti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T08:25:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franca_JosueTadeuLeite_M.pdf: 8680034 bytes, checksum: 1ab8ef0109f94daf34a018122905eed9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Estudou-se o sistema de remoção de lodo de lagoa de estabilização, o desaguamento e acondicionamento do lodo pelo uso de BAG, bem como a redução da viabilidade de ovos de helmintos, coliformes, Salmonellas e teor de sólidos em função do tempo de acondicionamento. Entre várias opções para a retirada, adensamento e desaguamento do lodo de lagoa, a utilização de centrifuga no processo de deságue foi considerada inviável devido a necessidade de pré-condicionamento do lodo, em virtude da presença de materiais estranhos como pedrinhas, pedaços de pau, de metais, plásticos, e outros materiais, que danificam os elementos do equipamento. Optou-se por avaliar a remoção do lodo com a combinação de dragagem seguida da aplicação de polímero e deságüe em BAG de polipropileno de alta resistência. Definiu-se por esta combinação para remoção do lodo da lagoa de estabilização de Coronel Macedo-SP, Sabesp, devido às dificuldades operacionais e em virtude de longas distâncias para disposição do resíduo em aterros licenciados, o que representa elevados custos, uma vez que os aterros da região não são autorizados para receberem este tipo de resíduo.Como opção para redução de custos no desaguamento, transporte e disposição do lodo e com um importante viés ambiental, propôs-se nesta pesquisa estudar um modelo para desaguamento, acondicionamento e redução da carga patogênica, procurando adequar o lodo aos padrões para aplicação em solo agrícola. Seis meses após a operação de desaguamento do lodo acondicionado em BAG, constatou-se ausência de ovos de helmintos viáveis, salmonellas, protozoários e coliformes termotolerantes <103 NMP.g-1.MS. Estes resultados indicaram que o processo removeu a patogenicidade do lodo adequando-o para a disposição no solo, quanto aos parâmetros avaliados. O acúmulo de lodo foi de 2,2 cm.ano-1 e a contribuição média per capta foi de 0,042 m3 de lodo.hab-1.ano-1. A eficiência da ETE com relação a remoção da DBO, aumentou de 63% para em torno de 82%, após a limpeza. O lodo no BAG atingiu teor de sólidos totais de 34,10% após 374 dias e foi classificado como Classe II A - Não perigoso e não inerte. O custo da remoção de 2000 m3 lodo com teor médio de sólidos totais 12%, por meio do sistema de dragagem e acondicionamento em BAG foi de USD 4,67.hab-1.ano-1 / Abstract: This study was about a removal system of stabilization pond sludge, its dewatering and conditioning using BAG. Another point of this work was study the viability reduction of helminthes eggs, coliforms, salmonellas and quantities of solids by the time of conditioning. Among a many options for the removal, concentration and dewatering of the sludge pond, the centrifuge use was considerate unfeasible because the need of preconditioning of the sludge due the presence of foreign material as small stones , wood, metals, plastics and other materials which can damage the equipment system. Hence we decided to assess the removal of sludge with a combination of dredging followed by the application of polymer and drainage bag in the high resistance polypropylene. Was defined for this combination to remove the stabilization pond sludge of Coronel Macedo -SP, Sabesp, due the operational difficulties and due the long distances for disposal of waste in landfills, which is costly, since the landfills in the region are not authorized to receive this type of waste. As an option for cost reduction in drainage, transportation and disposal of sludge and an important environmental bias, it was proposed in this research study a model for dewatering, conditioning and reduction of the pathogen, adapting the standards for sludge application on agricultural land . Six months after the operation of sludge dewatering packed in bag, it was detected an absence of viable helminth eggs, salmonella, protozoa and coliforms. These results indicated that the process removed the pathogenicity of the sludge tailoring it to the wastewater disposal, as to the parameters evaluated. The accumulation of sludge was 2.2 cm.year-1 and the average contribution per capita was 0.042 m3 of sludge inhab-1 year-1. The effectiveness of treatment station for BOD removal increased from 63% to 82% after cleaning of the stabilization pond. The sludge in the bag reached total solids of 34.10% after 374 days and was classified as Class II A - Not dangerous, not inert. The cost of the removal of 2000 m3 sludge with an average of 12% solids, by means of the dredging and placing in bag was US$ 4.67 inha-1 year-1 / Mestrado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This research presents the numerical simulation to reproduce the transport and deposition processes of the sludge flow on March 15, 2017, strongly impacting the town of Pampapacta in Punta Hermosa-Peru.The debris flow initiation process in the basin was represented by hydrographs obtained from the estimated volumes of stormwater runoff and solid materials. The sludge flow was modeled in Flo2D to calculate hazard maps with the discharge event and others with different return periods.The numerical simulation results show acceptable results in relation to what happened. The model used to assess the hazard due to debris flow can predict and delineate, with acceptable precision, potentially hazardous areas for a landslide. The application of the proposed methodology to assess the hazard of disasters due to debris flows in basins and streams is useful to understand the extent of the impact of the mud flow during extreme weather events, as well as to develop emergency plans and formulate disaster policies.

No description available.

Predicting tire performance on soft, fine-grained soils is required for many off-road explorations in the military, mining, agricultural, and earth-moving sectors. However, the mobility in deformable material is extremely challenging, especially in the presence of water. Although there is a significant amount of research on terrains such as sands, there is a lack of research on fine-grained soils. This research is part of a bigger project that presents a novel approach to improve the mobility of off-road vehicles on wet deformable soils. The approach integrates experimental data from small-scale soil testing, large-scale soil-tire interaction testing, and advanced physics-based numerical simulation techniques. In particular, this thesis attempts to characterize the clay-tire interface by conducting large-scale direct shear tests. In addition to clay-tire contact friction, the properties and strength parameters of the soft clay are determined by conducting various index properties and advanced tests. The testing program accounts for different stresses, loading conditions, and boundary conditions, decided taking into account real field conditions. The results from all these experiments will be used to calibrate and validate the material constitutive models required for the development of a mobility predictive numerical model. Overall, this study contributes to the development of more advanced and accurate terramechanics models that involve deformable terrains like soft clays. / Master of Science / The prediction of Vehicle mobility on soft, fine-grained soils is challenging due to the impact of soil behavior on mobility, which is not taken into account by traditional vehicle simulation software. However, as off-road exploration and resource extraction become increasingly important, particularly in military, agricultural, and earth-moving sectors, the study of vehicle mobility on deformable soils is inevitable. The difficulty in predicting tire performance on soft, fine-grained soils is due to the lack of proper experimental data and numerical modeling techniques that accurately characterize the interaction between soil and vehicle tires, known as "terramechanics." The study forms a constituent part of a broader project, which aims to integrate the experimental research data from small-scale soil testing, large-scale soil-tire interaction testing, and advanced physics-based numerical simulation techniques. The main contribution of this study is to investigate soil-tire interaction to determine the contact friction between the soil and tire by conducting large-scale direct shear tests. It also involves conducting basic index properties tests and advanced shear strength and compression tests. The results from all these tests contribute to developing more accurate soil-tire interaction models in terramechanics. Given the scarcity of research on large deformable terrains like soft clays, this study can make a significant contribution towards developing more advanced and accurate terramechanics models that involve deformable terrain, which can be useful in various applications.