Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-22T23:12:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LueniaKalineTavaresDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 4167618 bytes, checksum: 0804159c1fc8fcec8071b5903d75f978 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-25T23:57:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LueniaKalineTavaresDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 4167618 bytes, checksum: 0804159c1fc8fcec8071b5903d75f978 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-25T23:57:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LueniaKalineTavaresDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 4167618 bytes, checksum: 0804159c1fc8fcec8071b5903d75f978 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A pesca artesanal representa uma das mais importantes atividades econ?micas do Rio Grande do Norte (RN), constituindo-se na principal forma de sobreviv?ncia e renda para muitas fam?lias. O litoral sul do RN tem forte tradi??o pesqueira, tanto na explora??o de peixes quanto na coleta de moluscos ?s margens da Lagoa de Guara?ra (APA Bonfim-Guara?ra). Nos ?ltimos anos as comunidades pesqueiras se tornaram mais vulner?veis ?s influ?ncias externas, uma vez que est?o expostas as mudan?as socioecon?micas e ambientais. Essas mudan?as exigem adapta??es dos pescadores ?s distintas condi??es do meio, j? que os sistemas sociais e naturais s?o impulsionados por processos de reorganiza??o e readapta??o. Assim, o presente estudo tem o objetivo geral de analisar as principais mudan?as socioambientais ocorridas em comunidades pesqueiras, a partir do entendimento dos pescadores e marisqueiras sobre essa problem?tica. Como objetivos espec?ficos buscaram-se: delinear o perfil socioecon?mico, as perspectivas e dificuldades dos pescadores e marisqueiras e investigar as principais mudan?as sociais e ambientais ocorridas nas comunidades pesqueiras de Patan? e Camocim (Arez/RN). A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativo-quantitativa com as t?cnicas de observa??o em campo e entrevistas abertas e semiestruturadas aplicadas aos representantes da Col?nia de Pesca, aos pescadores e as marisqueiras. Entre os meses de Janeiro a Julho de 2014 foram aplicadas as entrevistas semiestruturadas com 41 interlocutores de Patan? e 23 de Camocim; totalizando 64 pessoas. Os resultados indicaram que os interlocutores t?m idade entre 40 a 60 anos; possuem apenas o n?vel de ensino fundamental incompleto; s?o casados e t?m filhos; sobrevivem com um rendimento mensal menor do que um sal?rio m?nimo e n?o est?o recebendo o seguro defeso. O estudo de caso tamb?m revelou que os problemas socioecon?micos e ambientais refletem em mudan?as na reprodu??o, organiza??o e divis?o social do trabalho, gerando modifica??es adaptativas das fam?lias ?s influ?ncias externas, advindas diretamente de outras atividades econ?micas e da press?o do mercado e indiretamente, do turismo. Dessa forma, as adapta??es ao cen?rio de mudan?as se apresentaram como favor?veis aos aspectos econ?micos e no que tange aos aspectos socioambientais, desfavor?veis. Em suma, a atividade pesqueira se desenvolve em meio a entraves t?cnicos, burocr?ticos e financeiros, circunscritas na necessidade cotidiana de homens e mulheres ? o fator determinante na disposi??o de continuar no exerc?cio da pesca e mariscagem na Lagoa de Guara?ra, espa?o que representa as rela??es sociais, pr?ticas e costumes transmitidos no decorrer da hist?ria local atrav?s da mem?ria social dos mais velhos para os mais jovens. / Artisanal fishing is one of the important economic activities of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), becoming the main form of survival and income for many families. The southern coast of RN has strong fishing tradition, both in exploitation of fish as in the collection of mollusks on the banks of Guara?ra Lagoon (APA Bonfim-Guara?ra). In recent years, fishing communities have become more vulnerable to outside influences, since the socio-economic and environmental changes are exposed. These changes require adjustments to the fishermen to different environmental conditions, as the social and natural systems are driven by reorganization and upgrading processes. The living conditions in fishing communities are objective and necessary in different ways, according to a selection that is cultural, so adaptable. This study has the general objective to analyze the main environmental changes in fishing communities, based on the understanding of fishermen and mollusk fisherwomen about this problem. The specific objectives searched to: describe the socioeconomic profile, prospects and difficulties of fishermen and mollusk fisherwomen; investigate the major social and environmental changes in the fishing communities of Patan? and Camocim (Arez/RN). The methodology was qualitative-quantitative with the techniques of observation in the field and open and semistructured interviews applied to representatives of Cologne fishing, fishermen and mollusk fisherwomen. Between the months of January to July 2014 were applied semistructured interviews with 41 interlocutors in Patan? and 23 of Camocim; totaling 64 people. The results indicated that the interlocutors are aged 40 to 60 years; have only completed elementary school level; are married and have children; survive on less than a minimum wage income and they are not receiving employment insurance. The case study also revealed that the socioeconomic and environmental problems reflected in changes in reproduction, organization and social division of labor, which generates adaptive changes of families to external influences, resulting directly from other economic activities and market pressure and indirectly from tourism. Therefore, adaptations to changes scenario presented as favorable to economic aspects and unfavorable to the social and environmental aspects. In short, the fishery develops on technical, bureaucratic and financial obstacles, in the everyday needs of men and women is the determining factor in willingness to continue exercising fishing and shell fishing on Guara?ra Lagoon, space representing relations social, practices and customs transmitted in the course of local history through social memory of the oldest to the youngest.