Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:31:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cataneo_pf_me_botfca.pdf: 959212 bytes, checksum: 8f0c8f8a642528391c80f8d774b4e289 (MD5) / Earth and its forms of life would not be the same without greenhouse effect. Some researchers estimate that without greenhouse effect Earth temperature would be very low, in an average of -32°C e -23°C, and life, as we know it, would have never appeared. The greenhouse effect is a physical proccess by which the presence of atmospheric gases makes Earth to maintain higher balanced temperature than it would have if they were absent. The global heating refers to the continuous and large period increasing of this balanced temperature. Thus, the presence of the gases of greenhouse effects is not a problem. The problem appears in its lack of control, making possible the global heating in such a level which global climate would significantly be modified. This overstated global heating risk became higher after Industrial revolution while there was a increase of fossil fuel us in the means of production raising a lot the concentration levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), wich is the greenhouse effect main gas in atmosphere. The Brazilian Climate Changes Forum aims to aware and move society to the discussion and decision making on these problems that arising out of climate change by gases of greenhouse effect, as well as on the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) defined in article 12 of the Protocol of Kyoto to the United Nations Framework Convention about Climate Change, confirmed by the Brazilian National Congress through the Legislative Decree n° 1, of February 3rd, 1994. The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 emphasizes in its article 225 that everyone has the right to have an ecological balanced environment, a common use and essential welfare to the quality of a healthy life behooving to the Political Authorities and community to defend it in current days and for the future. Therefore, the questioning of global heating loses its characteristics of calling environment scholars... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Hugo Romero / Coorientador : Prof. Dr. Francisco Mendonça / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Terra, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia. Defesa: Curitiba, 16/10/2015 / Inclui referências : fls. 154-160 / Resumo: O Brasil devido a sua grande extensão territorial possui diferentes regimes climáticos e apresenta condições bastante diversificadas e influenciadas pela sua configuração geográfica, sua significativa extensão costeira, seu relevo e pela dinâmica das massas de ar que atuam sobre seu território. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal da pluviosidade (diária, mensal, sazonal e anual) na área de estudo buscando evidenciar os padrões de distribuição e tendências a partir de sua gênese e dinâmica no período de 1977-2011. A área de estudo é a região de abrangência do Clima Subtropical do Brasil, que apresenta características meteorológicas e climáticas particulares. Foram analisadas 635 estações pluviométricas distribuídas nos Estados de São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. A pluviosidade média do total anual na região do Clima Subtropical para o período temporal selecionado ficou em 1690,8 mm. Na análise sazonal, a pluviosidade apresenta-se de forma onde não se verificam meses ou estação seca, e sim períodos de menor precipitação, sendo que a média no verão é 509,5 mm, outono 394,2 mm, no inverno 318,8 mm e 466,9 mm na primavera. O regime pluviométrico na parte Subtropical do Brasil não é homogêneo, apresentando variabilidade espacial e temporal condicionadas à interação de diferentes mecanismos. Na análise de tendência, foram utilizados três métodos estatísticos, sendo que os resultados mostram que a maioria das estações apresentaram tendências positivas. Palavras-chave: Clima, subtropical, pluviosidade, tendência. / Abstract: The Brazil due to its large territory has different climatic regimes and presents quite diverse conditions and influenced by its geographical setting, its significant coastal extension, its relief and the dynamics of air masses acting on its territory. This work aims to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of rainfall (daily, monthly, seasonal and annual) in the study area to disclosing the distribution patterns and trends from its genesis and dynamics in the 1977-2011 period. The study area is the region covered by the Subtropical Climate Brazil, with particular meteorological and climatic characteristics. It analyzed 635 rainfall stations distributed in the states of Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. The average rainfall of the annual total in the Subtropical Climate region for the selected time period was 1690.8 mm. The seasonal analysis, rainfall is presented in a way where there are no months or dry season, but periods of lower rainfall, with average summer is 509.5 mm, 394.2 mm fall in the winter 318.8 mm and 466.9 mm in the spring. The rainfall in the Subtropical Brazil is not homogeneous, with spatial and temporal variability conditioned to the interaction of different mechanisms. In the trend analysis, three statistical methods were used, the results show that most plants showed positive tendencies. Keywords: Climate, subtropical, rainfall, trend.