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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Avaliação da NBR 15575 quanto ao desempenho térmico e luminoso: estudo de caso em Maceió-AL / Evaluation of NBR 15575 on termal and luminous performance: case study in Maceió-AL

Nascimento, Thássia Catherine Costa 23 August 2016 (has links)
The approval of law NBR15575 in 2013 represented an important milestone in the search for quality buildings in Brazil. The objective of this dissertation is to evaluate performance ratings of NBR15575/2013 regarding its contributions to meeting the thermal and luminosity requirements for a multifamily residential building in the city of Maceió-AL. Our research was based on the case study of a 12-story building, located in the Jatiúca neighborhood, Maceió. Simulations were done with the programs Troplux 7.0 and EnergyPlus 8.1.0 for the double rooms in housing units (UHs) on the 1st and 12th floors. The north, south, east and west oriented UHs were evaluated for light performance and east and west for thermal performance. The standard floor plan of the building and surroundings were simulated on the water table to analyze natural ventilation flows generated by the most frequent winds in the city. Results were divided into two groups: Group1, criteria and parameters based on NBR15575/2013 and Group2, based on international standards (ASHRAE 55 and BS EN15251) and scientific studies already carried out in the area. Evaluation of the luminosity performance of Group 1, was restricted to 4 moments of the year. It was observed that the standard distances its evaluation of the reality of use of the building. Considering every day of the year, in Group2, it was possible to identify periods in which the user can avoid artificial lighting as a complement. Coherence was observed between the results of the criteria of percentage of environmental area (PA) and percentage of hours of the environment within the range of UDI (PH), it being possible to evaluate the distribution of light in the environment. With the final classification of Group1 (Superior) and Group2 (Intermediate), it was observed that the minimum limit of illuminance given by the standard may not be enough to guarantee the visual comfort of the users, there being a possible excess of light, strong contrasting in the environment and the consequent probability of discomfort, which recommends establishment of maximum limits of illuminance. Regarding thermal performance, the standard was contradictory when it places fulfillment of user requirements as a condition of performance classification, but does not consider the presence of internal thermal loads in the evaluated environment. The final classification of the case without internal thermal loads was Minimal, while addition of the loads resulted in an Insufficient classification. In results obtained in Group2, cases with exclusive use of natural ventilation obtained an Insufficient rating and with air conditioning (AC), classification increased to Minimum (AC 8h/day) and Intermediate (AC 16h/day). Detailed data for the analyses allowed identifying the time in which the environment remained in comfort and the intensity of discomfort in each month, useful information for improvement of the project. Performance classifications adopted by NBR15575 may not adequately express the level of comfort of the building’s users, it being important to undertake new studies relating to adoption of levels of performance classification associated with user comfort, thus contributing to the qualitative improvement of Brazilian buildings. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A entrada em vigor da NBR15575 em 2013 representou um importante marco na busca por edificações de qualidade no Brasil. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal avaliar as classificações de desempenho da NBR15575/2013 em relação às suas contribuições para o atendimento às exigências de conforto térmico e luminoso de uma edificação residencial multifamiliar, na cidade de Maceió-AL. A investigação baseou-se em um estudo de caso de uma edificação de 12 pavimentos, localizada no bairro de Jatiúca, Maceió. Foram feitas simulações com os programas Troplux 7.0 e EnergyPlus 8.1.0 para o quarto de casal em unidades habitacionais (UHs) no 1º e 12º pavimentos. As UHs orientadas a norte, sul, leste e oeste foram avaliadas quanto ao desempenho luminoso e a leste e oeste quanto ao desempenho térmico. Na mesa d’água foi simulado o pavimento tipo e a edificação locada no seu entorno, para análise do fluxo da ventilação natural correspondente aos ventos mais frequentes na cidade. Para a avaliação de desempenho, os resultados foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo1, critérios e parâmetros baseados na NBR15575/2013 e Grupo2, fundamentado em normas internacionais (ASHRAE 55 e BS EN15251) e em estudos científicos já realizados na área. Para a avaliação do desempenho luminoso do Grupo1, restrita a 4 momentos isolados do ano, observou-se que a norma distancia sua avaliação da realidade de uso da edificação. Considerando todos os dias do ano, no Grupo2, foi possível identificar períodos nos quais o usuário pode evitar a iluminação artificial como complemento. Observou-se coerência entre os resultados dos critérios de porcentagem de área do ambiente (PA) e de porcentagem de horas do ambiente dentro do intervalo de UDI (PH), sendo possível avaliar a distribuição da luz no ambiente, Com a classificação final do Grupo1 (Superior) e do Grupo2 (Intermediária), percebeu-se que o limite mínimo de iluminância dado pela norma pode não ser suficiente para garantir o conforto visual dos usuários, podendo haver excesso de luz, grandes contrastes no ambiente e a consequente probabilidade de desconforto, recomendando-se estabelecer um limite máximo de iluminâncias. Com relação ao desempenho térmico, a norma apresentou contradição quando coloca o atendimento às exigências do usuário como condição de classificação de desempenho, mas desconsidera a presença das cargas térmicas internas no ambiente avaliado. A classificação final do caso sem cargas térmicas internas foi Mínima, enquanto a adição das cargas resultou em classificação insuficiente. Nos resultados obtidos no Grupo2, os casos com uso exclusivo de ventilação natural obtiveram classificação Insuficiente e com uso de ar condicionado (AC) a classificação subiu para Mínima (AC 8h/dia) e Intermediária (AC 16h/dia). Os dados detalhados para as análises possibilitaram identificar o tempo em que o ambiente permaneceu em conforto e a intensidade do desconforto em cada mês, informações úteis para a melhoria do projeto. A classificação de desempenho adotada pela NBR15575 pode não expressar adequadamente o nível de conforto dos usuários da edificação, sendo importantes novos estudos sobre a adoção de níveis de classificação de desempenho associados ao conforto dos usuários contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade das edificações brasileiras.
12

Supportive Community Housing: Addressing the Emergence of Non-Traditional Households

Albert, Steven P. 14 July 2005 (has links)
No description available.
13

Realisation av allmännyttan? : Analys av kommunala och privata avyttringar av bostadshyresfastigheter

Petré, Ingel, Larsson, Gabrielle January 2011 (has links)
Avyttringen och ombildningen av kommunala och privata bostadshyresfastigheter till bostadsrättsföreningar har blivit ett allt vanligare fenomen under de senaste decennierna. Främst sker avyttringen i Stockholms kommun. Syftet med denna uppsats är att mäta om prissättningen vid utförsäljning av bostadshyresfastigheter inom Stockholms kommun skiljer sig beroende på om säljaren varit privat eller ett allmännyttigt kommunalt bolag. För att undersöka detta har olika regressionsmodeller applicerats på data över fastighetsprisregistret under två mandatperioder. Resultatet visar en tydlig prisskillnad mellan kommunala avyttringar och privata inom samma områdesindelning. Skillnaden i prissättning innebär att kommunala fastighetsbolag har realiserat ut och omfördelat skattebetalarnas pengar, till ett värde som kan uppgå till så mycket som 3,23 miljarder kronor räknat i 2010 års penningvärde. Sannolikt är en sådan förmögenhetsomfördelning inte samhällsekonomisk effektiv. Vidare torde den motverka syftet med hyreslagsstiftningen. / In the Swedish market for multi-family housing, investment properties are often sold to the tenants who thus convert the property into co-operative housing. This is particularly true in attractive housing location where the existing rent control is in practice binding for all residential rental units. It is somewhat less self-evident that multi-family properties owned by the municipality (not-for-profit, council housing) would also be subject to such conversions. This is, however, quite common, particularly in Stockholm. The aim of this paper is to estimate whether council housing is generally sold to the tenants with a discount, as compared to the market prices of transactions where private property companies sell their properties. We use regression techniques applied to data from the official record of real property transactions. We find a significant price difference between the two categories of transactions. Council housing is sold out at a discount price and we estimate that a total value of some 3.23 billion SEK may have been redistributed from the taxpayers to the housing purchasers in these transactions. This program is probably not efficient from a public economic perspective. Furthermore, it counteracts the purpose of the current rent control legislation.
14

Sälgen 4 : Adaptable housing in Stockholm / Sälgen 4 : Flexibla bostäder i Stockholm

Berg, Martin January 2014 (has links)
I have designed a housing project that is an infill to an existing housing block in the city center of Stockholm. When I started this project the themes everydayness and building typology was central for me. That is why I also chose to work with the site Sälgen 4; a corner site and one of few remaining gaps in the block structure of the city center. Today there is a gas station on the site, which I for this project presume could be removed. When working with this project I found interest in what simplified could be called soft flexibility, where measurement, shape and connection to other spaces are dealt with in order to enable for different kinds of usage. This type of flexibility I encountered when studying late 19th century dwellings in Stockholm city center. I have developed similar apartments, often with a size of about 140 m2 with 4,5 rooms and an additional kitchen. Even all the room units are similar with over 4 m width and close to square shapes. This enabled the creation of very generic spaces but also introduced me to an interesting paradox; the on the architectural drawing less dynamic floor plan create on the other hand the most dynamic ways to inhabit the spaces. Also the loggia has been an important feature in my design. / Jag har ritat ett bostadshus som är ett infill till ett befintligt kvarter i Stockholms innerstad. När jag började projektet så var temana vardaglighet och byggnadstypologi viktiga för mig. Därför valde jag att arbeta med tomten Sälgen 4; en hörntomt och en av få luckor i kvartersstaden. Idag finns där en bensinmack men jag har sett det som en förutsättning för projektet att den kan tas bort.   Under projektets gång har jag intresserat mig för vad som förenklat kan kallas för mjuk flexibilitet, där rummens mått, form och angöring möjliggör för många olika typer av användning. Den typen av flexibilitet upptäckte jag då jag studerade gamla sekelskifteshus i Stockholm   Jag har arbetat fram likartade lägenheter på oftast runt 140 m2 med 4,5 rum och kök. Även rumsenheterna är nästan identiska med drygt 4 m i bredd och nära kvadratisk form. På så vis har jag skapat en hög grad av generallitet men också konfronterats med en spännande paradox; de å ena sidan som ritning minst dynamiska planerna, kommer å andra sidan att generera den mest dynamiska och tillåtande användningen av dem. Även loggian har varit ett viktigt inslag i min design.

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