Cílem diplomové práce je porovnání systému řízení přímého prodeje s přímými i nepřímými konkurenty. Práce je členěna do teoretické a praktické části. Teoretická část pojednává o problematice přímého prodeje v ČR i ve světě, poodhaluje fenomén multi-level marketingu a pyramidových her. Analyzuje zadlužování českých domácností a zmiňuje se o benchmarkingu. Praktická část se zabývá popisem řízení systému přímého prodeje společnosti Provident Financial a oslovených konkurentů. Stěžejní část práce tvoří hodnocení těchto systémů metodou polaritního a konkurenčního profilu. Z hodnocení vyplývají návrhý a doporučení pro společnost Provident Financial.

The main purpose of the integrated marketing communication is to consolidate various marketing modes, to provide customers and prospects with clear and consistent information, and to bring the most benefits of communications. In these years, the direct-selling businesses have stepped on the right track, and have expelled the illegal or weak brands from this market. The existing companies and products are with competition-advantageous brands in the MLM market. The integrated marketing communications are becoming more important as it makes the customers focus on the uniqueness of the products and buy the products. This study discovers that the Bionatural (¦Ê¤ºº¸) Co. has achieved the merits of delivering clear and consistent image and information in using integrated marketing communication. It is in an advantageous position in the niche market that the Bionatural (¦Ê¤ºº¸) Co. held the rights of selling high-tech products in the 21st century. The purpose of multi-level marketing is the personnel marketing. It is using the principle of multiple markets and through the sharing power of customers¡¦ public praise in nice response, to set up a large selling system, and to let these customers obtain rational rewards. So it is not like any traditional companies using stores to sell their products. With fully utilizing communication tools, besides the traditional communication model of one-to-one, every direct selling co. in this study has used TV, newspapers, broadcast, magazines, and network to shape a clear image. This study provides 6 items of suggestion for the direct selling co. in the planning of integrated marketing communications: 1. Attach importance to the integrated marketing communications for companies and sellers synchronously. 2. Grasp the market¡¦s changes and trends. 3. Operate with the emphasis on major customers. 4. Focus on every opportunity where the brand comes to interface. 5. Utilize the various tools of communications to result in a better reword plan. 6. Incorporate network marketing resources to enhance the image of direct selling co.

In the global knowledge economy century, service sector has been representing the main stream of the industrial development in Taiwan, which also increasingly employs the majority of workers, multi-level marketing industry categorizes as network-building service industry. In the wake of international competition and the transformation of social structure in Taiwan, more and more people have been engaging into multi-level marketing industry. With the economic scale being forged, multi-level marketing industry is able to reduce marketing cost with its unique marketing channels. It can be predicted that multi-level marketing industry is crucial to the competitiveness of the global economy with highly potential for the years to come. Therefore, this research is based upon the multi-level marketing distributors of the ¡§B¡¨ company as samples trying to utilize the aspect of human resources management to explore the issues of transformational leadership of distributors, multi-level marketing¡¦s organizational cultures and organizational commitment. This research is instrumental in analyzing how these issues can achieve effective organizational performance management for multi-level marketing industry and the managers in this industry can use this research to succeed in business for future reference. The indications of the research results are as follows: 1.Age, awarded ranking of distributors and education are significant differences on multi-level marketing¡¦s organizational cultures partially. Besides, seniority, awarded ranking of distributors, entrepreneurial experiences and other multi-level marketing distributor experiences are significant differences on organizational commitment partially. 2.Transformational leadership has positive relation with multi-level marketing¡¦s organizational culture 3.Transformational leadership has positive relation with organizational commitment. 4.Multi-level marketing¡¦s organizational culture has positive relation with organizational commitment; the hypothesis above is supported partially. 5.Transformational leadership has significantly positive effect on organizational commitment; the hypothesis above is supported partially. 6.Multi-level marketing¡¦s organizational culture has significantly positive effect on organizational commitment; the hypothesis above is supported partially. 7.Multi-level marketing¡¦s organizational culture is the important factor to enhance the positive effect between transformational leadership and organization commitment, the hypothesis above is supported partially.

Objective: The purpose of this dissertation was to examine which student- and school-level factors differentiated (1) susceptible never smokers from non-susceptible never smokers, (2) experimental smokers from never smokers, and (3) current smokers from experimental smokers among a nationally representative sample of Canadian students in grade 9-12. Methods: Student-level data from Canada???s nationally representative 2008-2009 Youth Smoking Survey (2008 YSS) were linked with school-level data from the 2006 Census, and one built environment characteristic, and examined using multi-level logistic regression analyses. Results: Overall as hypothesized in these three studies, student-level and school-level characteristics were associated with smoking susceptibility among never smokers, experimental smoking and current smoking. The likelihood of susceptibility among never smokers (P=0.0002), experimental smoking (P<0.0001) and current smoking (P<0.001) significantly varied across schools. This study identified that attending a school in an urban (AOR=0.62; 95% CI 0.46-0.82) setting or in a high socioeconomic status (SES) neighbourhood (AOR=0.88; 95% CI 0.79-0.98) was inversely associated with odds of a student being an experimental smoker (versus a never smoker) when adjusting for student-level characteristics. The number of tobacco retailers located within a 1-km radius of each school was associated with the odds of a student being a current smoker (versus an experimental smoker) (AOR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.05) and also associated with a student being a susceptible never smoker (versus a non-susceptible never smoker) (AOR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00-1.02) when adjusting for student-level characteristics. Additionally, several student-level intrapersonal and social context characteristics were associated with smoking susceptibility, experimental smoking and current smoking. Conclusions: This study showed that the characteristics of the school a student attends may increase their likelihood of a student being in any of the smoking stages that were examined. Additionally, several student-level factors were also associated with the three smoking stages. Understanding these factors will provide more insight to guide stakeholders interested in developing anti-tobacco strategies that are responsive to the risk and protective factors of adolescents in different smoking stages.

Zugl.: Hamburg, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008

Tech. University, Diss., 2003--Chemnitz.

University, Diss., 2005--Köln.

Nowadays, researchers are trying to shrink the memory cell in order to increase the capacity of the memory system and reduce the hardware costs. In recent years, there has been a revolution in electronics by using fundamentals of physics to build a new memory for computer application in order to increase the capacity and decrease the power consumption. Increasing the capacity of the memory causes a growth in the chip area. From 1971 to 2012 semiconductor manufacturing process improved from 6µm to 22 µm. In May 2008, S.Williams stated that "it is time to stop shrinking". In his paper, he declared that the process of shrinking memory element has recently become very slow and it is time to use another alternative in order to create memory elements [9]. In this project, we present a new design of a memory array using the new element named Memristor [3]. Memristor is a two-terminal passive electrical element that relates the charge and magnetic flux to each other. The device remained unknown since 1971 when it was discovered by Chua and introduced as the fourth fundamental passive element like capacitor, inductor and resistor [3]. Memristor has a dynamic resistance and it can retain its previous value even after disconnecting the power supply. Due to this interesting behavior of the Memristor, it can be a good replacement for all of the Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs) in the near future. Combination of this newly introduced element with the nanowire crossbar architecture would be a great structure which is called Crossbar Memristor. Some frameworks have recently been introduced in literature that utilized Memristor crossbar array, but there are many challenges to implement the Memristor crossbar array due to fabrication and device limitations. In this work, we proposed a simple design of Memristor crossbar array architecture which uses input feedback in order to preserve its data after each read operation

No description available.

India's huge financial power and recent economic expansion have been supported by multi-level marketing (MLM) initiatives over the last decade. This type of business structure is notorious for having shady ethics and for enforcing traditional stereotypes, and as MLMs enter the Indian market, they find themselves navigating even more gender and race-based stereotypes. In India-a country where women have one of the lowest labor participation rates in the world and where advertisements have historically portrayed women as submissive-multi-level marketing companies' posts on social media can have large influences on how the public sees gender roles in business. To better understand the gender stereotypes present in Indian MLM social media posts, this study aimed to study trends and stereotypes in Facebook images posted by India's 5 largest MLM companies. The content analysis sample consisted of photos posted on the India-specific Facebook pages of the five largest MLM companies in India. The content analysis measured 733 images for gender roles by analyzing body language, interpersonal interactions, career roles, and other indications of sexist portrayals. The results showed that in some ways, stereotypical gender roles are still very present in Indian MLM Facebook posts. For example, men are still pictured in leadership roles far more than women. However, in other ways, these posts show men and women as equals. In this sample, men and women had equal representation in posts where they were using technology, being pictured with their family, and other traditionally gendered situations. This denotes social progress and a change in MLM marketing strategy, both of which are significant for this USD$1.9 billion industry.