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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Mancozebe influencia a persistência de fungicidas inibidores da desmetilação e inibidores da quinona oxidase em cultivares de soja / Mancozeb influences the persistence of demethylation inhibitors fungicides and quinone outside inhibitor in soybean cultivars

Stefanello, Marlon Tagliapietra 17 February 2017 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The soybean cultivars reaction to the causal agent of asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd.) and mixing responsiveness of DeMethylation Inhibitor (DMI) and Quinone outsite Inhibitor (QoI) fungicides are important factors to be determined for the management of the pathogen. The activity of these fungicides sprayed on the leaves depends on the amount that it reaches the biochemical action site and the compound efficacy. Thus, the proportion of leaf deposit that it enters the leaf, the rate of entry and dissipation in the leaf tissue are determinant for the activity and diseases residual control after the occurrence of a wash. The chapter I objective was to evaluate the reaction of fifteen soybean cultivars to the causal agent of soybean rust and the responsiveness mixing Active Ingredients (AI) epoxiconazole (EPOX) + pyraclostrobin (PYR) and prothioconazole (PROT) + trifloxystrobin (TRIFL). The parameters evaluated were the latency period, residual control, progression and the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). In the Chapter II, the EPOX and PYR persistence associated with mancozeb (Mz) was determined under greenhouse conditions in two commercial soybean cultivars. Artificial washes were used to determine the concentration of the remaining AI on the foliar tissues after the spraying. For this purpose, the leaves were washed with water at 0.17, 1, 2, 4, 48, 96, 192 h after the fungicide spraying and immediately collected. The EPOX and PYR concentrations were also determined on leaves at 12, 16 and 20 days after spraying. Through the high performance liquid chromatographic analysis and the experimental design, it was possible to measure the EPOX and PYR concentrations penetrated and it dissipated in whole-plant leaves, associated or not to mancozeb. The influence of the interaction between leaflets age and cultivars in the EPOX and PYR concentration on leaves after the spraying was also evaluated. Due to the scarcity of detailed studies on the performance of site-specific fungicides associated with multisite fungicides, in the Chapter III was investigated the asian rust severity and the residual control of the EPOX and PYR mixture associated mancozeb. In the chapter I, it was verified that the responsiveness of DMI and QoI mixtures to P. pachyrhizi is different among the cultivars. The greatest residual control of the pathogen in the different cultivars was through of the PROT + TRIFL spraying. In the chapter II, it was verified that mancozeb influences the persistence of DMI and QoI fungicides in soybean cultivars. The EPOX penetration rate in the cultivars was faster without the association of mancozeb to the fungicide (DMI + QoI). The association of mancozeb to the fungicide (DMI + QoI) reduced the penetration rate of PYR in DM 6563 RSF IPRO cultivar. The PYR concentration in leaves of the two cultivars at 48 h after spraying was similar by the association or not of the fungicide with mancozeb. The cultivars showed different AI penetration rates in leaves. It was observed a reduction of the AI concentrations in the foliar tissues after 48 h of the spraying, evidencing a dissipation process of the AI, after this time. The association of mancozeb to the fungicide (DMI + QoI) only influenced the persistence of PYR at 16 days after spraying in DM 6563 RSF IPRO cultivar. The dissipation rate of PYR is different between the leaves cultivars. The penetration of the AI is greater in younger leaves than in older leaves. The concentrations of PYR in soybean leaves were higher than EPOX at different sampling times, after the fungicide spraying. In the chapter III, it was verified that mancozeb associated with EPOX + PYR in spray solution increases the residual control of P. pachyrhizi and it reduces the disease severity. / A reação de cultivares de soja ao agente causal da ferrugem asiática (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd.) e responsividade de mistura de fungicidas Inibidores da DesMetilação (IDM) e Inibidores da Quinona oxidase (IQo) são importantes fatores a serem determinados para o manejo do patógeno. A atividade desses fungicidas pulverizados na folha depende da quantidade que atinge o local de ação bioquímico e da eficácia do composto. Assim, a proporção do depósito foliar que entra na folha, a taxa de entrada e sua dissipação no tecido foliar são determinantes para a atividade e residual no controle das doenças após a ocorrência de uma lavagem. O capítulo I teve como objetivo avaliar a reação de quinze cultivares de soja ao agente causal da ferrugem asiática e responsividade da mistura dos ingredientes ativos (IA) epoxiconazol (EPOX) + piraclostrobina (PIR) e protioconazol (PROT) + trifloxistrobina (TRIFL). Os parâmetros avaliados foram o período de latência, residual de controle, progresso e a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). No capítulo II, a persistência de EPOX e PIR associadas com mancozebe (Mz) em duas cultivares comerciais de soja foi determinada em condições de casa de vegetação. Lavagens artificiais foram utilizadas para determinar a concentração dos IA remanescentes nos tecidos foliares após a pulverização. Para isso, as folhas foram lavadas com água 0,17, 1, 2, 4, 48, 96, 192 h após a pulverização do fungicida e imediatamente coletadas. As concentrações de EPOX e PIR também foram determinadas em folhas aos 12, 16 e 20 dias após a pulverização. Através da análise cromatográfica liquida de alta eficiência e do desenho experimental foi possível mensurar as concentrações de EPOX e PIR penetradas e dissipadas em folhas de planta inteira, associadas ou não à mancozebe. A influência da interação de idade de trifólios e cultivares sobre as concentrações de EPOX e PIR após a pulverização também foi avaliada. Devido à escassez de estudos detalhados sobre o desempenho dos fungicidas sítio-específicos associados aos fungicidas multissítios, no capítulo III foi investigado a severidade de ferrugem asiática e o residual de controle da mistura de EPOX e PIR associada ao mancozebe. No capítulo I foi verificado que a responsividade de misturas de IDM e IQo à P. pachyrhizi é distinta entre as cultivares. O maior residual de controle do patógeno nas diferentes cultivares foi através da pulverização de PROT + TRIFL. No capítulo II foi verificado que mancozebe influencia a persistência de fungicidas IDM e IQo em cultivares de soja. A taxa de penetração de EPOX nas cultivares foi mais rápida sem a associação de mancozebe ao fungicida (IDM + IQo). A associação de mancozebe ao fungicida (IDM + IQo) reduziu a taxa de penetração de PIR na cultivar DM 6563 RSF IPRO. A concentração de PIR em folhas das duas cultivares às 48 h após a pulverização foi semelhante pela associação ou não do fungicida com mancozebe. As cultivares apresentaram diferentes taxas de penetração dos IA em folhas. Observou-se uma redução das concentrações dos IA nos tecidos foliares após 48 h da pulverização, evidenciando um processo de dissipação dos IA, após esse tempo. A associação de mancozebe ao fungicida (IDM + IQo) somente influenciou a persistência de PIR aos 16 dias após a pulverização na cultivar DM 6563 RSF IPRO. A taxa de dissipação de PIR em folhas é diferente entre as cultivares. A penetração dos IA é maior em folhas mais novas do que em folhas velhas. As concentrações de PIR em folhas de soja foram superiores que EPOX nos diferentes tempos de coletas, após a pulverização do fungicida. No capítulo III foi verificado que mancozebe associado com EPOX + PIR em calda de pulverização aumenta o residual de controle de P. pachyrhizi e reduz a severidade da doença.
32

La congestion veineuse comme déterminant des interactions cardio-rénales et cardio-intestinales en insuffisance cardiaque aiguë

Bouabdallaoui, Nadia 10 1900 (has links)
Les interactions entre coeur défaillant et organes périphériques sont centrales pour la compréhension de la variabilité de la présentation clinique, de la progression et du pronostic du syndrome insuffisance cardiaque. La congestion veineuse est considérée comme un des éléments les plus importants qui sous-tendent les interactions cardio-rénales et cardio-intestinales, faisant du retour à l’euvolémie un objectif majeur de la prise en charge du patient décompensé. De fait, la caractérisation non invasive du statut volémique permettrait d’optimiser la prise en charge en facilitant l’adaptation du traitement déplétif au cas par cas. L’objectif de ce travail est d’explorer l’effet délétère de la congestion veineuse chez le patient insuffisant cardiaque, en particulier en termes de dysfonction des organes cibles, et de répertorier l’intérêt de l’échographie multi-site pour la caractérisation du statut volémique dans cette population. / Venous congestion has been shown to play a major role in worsening renal function in acute decompensated heart failure, and recent data have challenged the assumption that end-organ dysfunction was driven by other hemodynamic alterations in patients with heart failure. Decongestion is thus considered as a major therapeutic goal in the management of patients with acute heart failure. As such, real-time assessment of patient’s fluid status may allow for a better management of patients with heart failure, enabling for a personalized management. The aim of this work is to explore the deleterious effect of venous congestion in patient with heart failure, particularly in terms of end-organ dysfunction. We also aimed to characterize the role of extra cardiac ultrasound for the assessment of the volume status in patients with heart failure.
33

Probabilistic methods for multi-source and temporal biomedical data quality assessment

Sáez Silvestre, Carlos 05 April 2016 (has links)
[EN] Nowadays, biomedical research and decision making depend to a great extent on the data stored in information systems. As a consequence, a lack of data quality (DQ) may lead to suboptimal decisions, or hinder the derived research processes and outcomes. This thesis aims to the research and development of methods for assessing two DQ problems of special importance in Big Data and large-scale repositories, based on multi-institutional, cross-border infrastructures, and acquired during long periods of time: the variability of data probability distributions (PDFs) among different data sources-multi-source variability-and the variability of data PDFs over time-temporal variability. Variability in PDFs may be caused by differences in data acquisition methods, protocols or health care policies; systematic or random errors during data input and management; demographic differences in populations; or even falsified data. To date, these issues have received little attention as DQ problems nor count with adequate assessment methods. The developed methods aim to measure, detect and characterize variability dealing with multi-type, multivariate, multi-modal data, and not affected by large sample sizes. To this end, we defined an Information Theory and Geometry probabilistic framework based on the inference of non-parametric statistical manifolds from the normalized distances of PDFs among data sources and over time. Based on this, a number of contributions have been generated. For the multi-source variability assessment we have designed two metrics: the Global Probabilistic Deviation, which measures the degree of global variability among the PDFs of multiple sources-equivalent to the standard deviation among PDFs; and the Source Probabilistic Outlyingness, which measures the dissimilarity of the PDF of a single data source to a global latent average. They are based on the construction of a simplex geometrical figure (the maximum-dimensional statistical manifold) using the distances among sources, and complemented by the Multi-Source Variability plot, an exploratory visualization of that simplex which permits detecting grouping patterns among sources. The temporal variability method provides two main tools: the Information Geometric Temporal plot, an exploratory visualization of the temporal evolution of PDFs based on the projection of the statistical manifold from temporal batches; and the PDF Statistical Process Control, a monitoring and automatic change detection algorithm for PDFs. The methods have been applied to repositories in real case studies, including the Public Health Mortality and Cancer Registries of the Region of Valencia, Spain; the UCI Heart Disease; the United States NHDS; and Spanish Breast Cancer and an In-Vitro Fertilization datasets. The methods permitted discovering several findings such as partitions of the repositories in probabilistically separated temporal subgroups, punctual temporal anomalies due to anomalous data, and outlying and clustered data sources due to differences in populations or in practices. A software toolbox including the methods and the automated generation of DQ reports was developed. Finally, we defined the theoretical basis of a biomedical DQ evaluation framework, which have been used in the construction of quality assured infant feeding repositories, in the contextualization of data for their reuse in Clinical Decision Support Systems using an HL7-CDA wrapper; and in an on-line service for the DQ evaluation and rating of biomedical data repositories. The results of this thesis have been published in eight scientific contributions, including top-ranked journals and conferences. One of the journal publications was selected by the IMIA as one of the best of Health Information Systems in 2013. Additionally, the results have contributed to several research projects, and have leaded the way to the industrialization of the developed methods and approaches for the audit and control of biomedical DQ. / [ES] Actualmente, la investigación biomédica y toma de decisiones dependen en gran medida de los datos almacenados en los sistemas de información. En consecuencia, una falta de calidad de datos (CD) puede dar lugar a decisiones sub-óptimas o dificultar los procesos y resultados de las investigaciones derivadas. Esta tesis tiene como propósito la investigación y desarrollo de métodos para evaluar dos problemas especialmente importantes en repositorios de datos masivos (Big Data), basados en infraestructuras multi-céntricas, adquiridos durante largos periodos de tiempo: la variabilidad de las distribuciones de probabilidad (DPs) de los datos entre diferentes fuentes o sitios-variabilidad multi-fuente-y la variabilidad de las distribuciones de probabilidad de los datos a lo largo del tiempo-variabilidad temporal. La variabilidad en DPs puede estar causada por diferencias en los métodos de adquisición, protocolos o políticas de atención; errores sistemáticos o aleatorios en la entrada o gestión de datos; diferencias demográficas en poblaciones; o incluso por datos falsificados. Esta tesis aporta métodos para detectar, medir y caracterizar dicha variabilidad, tratando con datos multi-tipo, multivariantes y multi-modales, y sin ser afectados por tamaños muestrales grandes. Para ello, hemos definido un marco de Teoría y Geometría de la Información basado en la inferencia de variedades de Riemann no-paramétricas a partir de distancias normalizadas entre las PDs de varias fuentes de datos o a lo largo del tiempo. En consecuencia, se han aportado las siguientes contribuciones: Para evaluar la variabilidad multi-fuente se han definido dos métricas: la Global Probabilistic Deviation, la cual mide la variabilidad global entre las PDs de varias fuentes-equivalente a la desviación estándar entre PDs; y la Source Probabilistic Outlyingness, la cual mide la disimilaridad entre la DP de una fuente y un promedio global latente. Éstas se basan en un simplex construido mediante las distancias entre las PDs de las fuentes. En base a éste, se ha definido el Multi-Source Variability plot, visualización que permite detectar patrones de agrupamiento entre fuentes. El método de variabilidad temporal proporciona dos herramientas: el Information Geometric Temporal plot, visualización exploratoria de la evolución temporal de las PDs basada en la la variedad estadística de los lotes temporales; y el Control de Procesos Estadístico de PDs, algoritmo para la monitorización y detección automática de cambios en PDs. Los métodos han sido aplicados a casos de estudio reales, incluyendo: los Registros de Salud Pública de Mortalidad y Cáncer de la Comunidad Valenciana; los repositorios de enfermedades del corazón de UCI y NHDS de los Estados Unidos; y repositorios españoles de Cáncer de Mama y Fecundación In-Vitro. Los métodos detectaron hallazgos como particiones de repositorios en subgrupos probabilísticos temporales, anomalías temporales puntuales, y fuentes de datos agrupadas por diferencias en poblaciones y en prácticas. Se han desarrollado herramientas software incluyendo los métodos y la generación automática de informes. Finalmente, se ha definido la base teórica de un marco de CD biomédicos, el cual ha sido utilizado en la construcción de repositorios de calidad para la alimentación del lactante, en la contextualización de datos para el reuso en Sistemas de Ayuda a la Decisión Médica usando un wrapper HL7-CDA, y en un servicio on-line para la evaluación y clasificación de la CD de repositorios biomédicos. Los resultados de esta tesis han sido publicados en ocho contribuciones científicas (revistas indexadas y artículos en congresos), una de ellas seleccionada por la IMIA como una de las mejores publicaciones en Sistemas de Información de Salud en 2013. Los resultados han contribuido en varios proyectos de investigación, y facilitado los primeros pasos hacia la industrialización de las tecnologías / [CA] Actualment, la investigació biomèdica i presa de decisions depenen en gran mesura de les dades emmagatzemades en els sistemes d'informació. En conseqüència, una manca en la qualitat de les dades (QD) pot donar lloc a decisions sub-òptimes o dificultar els processos i resultats de les investigacions derivades. Aquesta tesi té com a propòsit la investigació i desenvolupament de mètodes per avaluar dos problemes especialment importants en repositoris de dades massius (Big Data) basats en infraestructures multi-institucionals o transfrontereres, adquirits durant llargs períodes de temps: la variabilitat de les distribucions de probabilitat (DPs) de les dades entre diferents fonts o llocs-variabilitat multi-font-i la variabilitat de les distribucions de probabilitat de les dades al llarg del temps-variabilitat temporal. La variabilitat en DPs pot estar causada per diferències en els mètodes d'adquisició, protocols o polítiques d'atenció; errors sistemàtics o aleatoris durant l'entrada o gestió de dades; diferències demogràfiques en les poblacions; o fins i tot per dades falsificades. Aquesta tesi aporta mètodes per detectar, mesurar i caracteritzar aquesta variabilitat, tractant amb dades multi-tipus, multivariants i multi-modals, i no sent afectats per mides mostrals grans. Per a això, hem definit un marc de Teoria i Geometria de la Informació basat en la inferència de varietats de Riemann no-paramètriques a partir de distàncies normalitzades entre les DPs de diverses fonts de dades o al llarg del temps. En conseqüència s'han aportat les següents contribucions: Per avaluar la variabilitat multi-font s'han definit dos mètriques: la Global Probabilistic Deviation, la qual mesura la variabilitat global entre les DPs de les diferents fonts-equivalent a la desviació estàndard entre DPs; i la Source Probabilistic Outlyingness, la qual mesura la dissimilaritat entre la DP d'una font de dades donada i una mitjana global latent. Aquestes estan basades en la construcció d'un simplex mitjançant les distàncies en les DPs entre fonts. Basat en aquest, s'ha definit el Multi-Source Variability plot, una visualització que permet detectar patrons d'agrupament entre fonts. El mètode de variabilitat temporal proporciona dues eines: l'Information Geometric Temporal plot, visualització exploratòria de l'evolució temporal de les distribucions de dades basada en la varietat estadística dels lots temporals; i el Statistical Process Control de DPs, algoritme per al monitoratge i detecció automàtica de canvis en les DPs de dades. Els mètodes han estat aplicats en repositoris de casos d'estudi reals, incloent: els Registres de Salut Pública de Mortalitat i Càncer de la Comunitat Valenciana; els repositoris de malalties del cor de UCI i NHDS dels Estats Units; i repositoris espanyols de Càncer de Mama i Fecundació In-Vitro. Els mètodes han detectat troballes com particions dels repositoris en subgrups probabilístics temporals, anomalies temporals puntuals, i fonts de dades anòmales i agrupades a causa de diferències en poblacions i en les pràctiques. S'han desenvolupat eines programari incloent els mètodes i la generació automàtica d'informes. Finalment, s'ha definit la base teòrica d'un marc de QD biomèdiques, el qual ha estat utilitzat en la construcció de repositoris de qualitat per l'alimentació del lactant, la contextualització de dades per a la reutilització en Sistemes d'Ajuda a la Decisió Mèdica usant un wrapper HL7-CDA, i en un servei on-line per a l'avaluació i classificació de la QD de repositoris biomèdics. Els resultats d'aquesta tesi han estat publicats en vuit contribucions científiques (revistes indexades i en articles en congressos), una de elles seleccionada per la IMIA com una de les millors publicacions en Sistemes d'Informació de Salut en 2013. Els resultats han contribuït en diversos projectes d'investigació, i han facilitat la industrialització de les tecnologies d / Sáez Silvestre, C. (2016). Probabilistic methods for multi-source and temporal biomedical data quality assessment [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62188 / Premiado

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