Os movimentos de massa são fenômenos naturais que fazem parte dos processos de dinâmica superficial que modelam a superfície terrestre. Quando ocorrem em áreas ocupadas, podem provocar perdas econômicas, impactos sociais e, em casos extremos, perda de vidas humanas. O estabelecimento de medidas preventivas para mitigar estes danos demanda a identificação das áreas mais propensas a esses fenômenos. Partindo deste contexto, o objetivo desta dissertação foi desenvolver uma proposta metodológica para mapear a suscetibilidade a escorregamentos no município de Porto Alegre-RS, com o emprego de ferramentas de geoprocessamento. As variáveis utilizadas foram: declividade, geologia, distância de lineamentos, acúmulo de fluxo, uso do solo e cobertura vegetal, as quais foram processadas no software Idrisi. Após a padronização das variáveis por meio da aplicação de funções fuzzy e pela atribuição direta de notas, definiu-se a importância de cada uma na predisposição do terreno a escorregamentos com base na consulta a especialistas, com o apoio da técnica denominada processo analítico hierárquico. A integração das variáveis foi realizada por meio de combinação linear ponderada, estabelecendo-se dois cenários de suscetibilidade a escorregamentos: o primeiro com a suscetibilidade natural e o segundo com a suscetibilidade induzida. Os resultados indicam que as áreas mais suscetíveis a escorregamentos situam-se, principalmente, nos morros da Crista de Porto Alegre e nos morros isolados no sul do município. O restante do município apresenta, de maneira geral, baixa suscetibilidade. A validação dos resultados obteve uma exatidão geral de 95% e 94% respectivamente para os Cenários 1 e 2. As áreas abaixo da curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) foram respectivamente de 0,960 e 0,966, o que indica que as variáveis e os pesos foram adequados e que ambos os cenários são robustos. Assim, constata-se que as ferramentas de geoprocessamento são úteis no mapeamento da suscetibilidade a escorregamentos, pois tornam ágil o mapeamento e sua atualização, e dão mais clareza e transparência ao processo de avaliação da suscetibilidade. Além disso, o método proposto permite reduzir os esforços nas etapas iniciais da gestão de riscos, possibilitando ao gestor priorizar os mapeamentos mais detalhados nas áreas com maior suscetibilidade. Isso demonstra que as rotinas de apoio à decisão, como as utilizadas neste trabalho, podem ser incorporadas em estudos de suscetibilidade, provendo importantes informações para o planejamento urbano dos municípios. / Mass movements are natural phenomena that are part of the surface dynamic processes that shape the Earth’s surface. When they occur in urban areas, can cause economic losses, social impacts and, in extreme cases, losses of human lives. The implementation of preventive measures to mitigate those damages requires the identification of the areas prone to these events. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation was to develop a methodological approach to map landslide susceptibility at the municipality of Porto Alegre-RS, with the use of geoprocessing tools. The variables used were: slope, geology, distance from lineaments, flow accumulation and land use, which were processed in the Idrisi software. After the standardization of the variables through the application of fuzzy functions and the direct assignment of notes, the importance of each one on the predisposition of landslides was defined, based on the opinion of experts, with the support of the technique entitled analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The integration of the variables was based on weighted linear combination, resulting in two scenarios: the first with the natural susceptibility and the second with the induced susceptibility. The results indicate that the most susceptible areas to landslide are located in the hills of the Crista de Porto Alegre and in the isolated hills located at the south of the municipality. The remaining area has, in general, low susceptibility. The validation of the results obtained an overall accuracy of 95% and 94%, respectively for Scenarios 1 and 2. The areas under the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve were respectively 0.960 and 0.966, indicating that the variables and weights were adequate and both scenarios are robust. Thus, it is noted that geoprocessing tools are useful to map the landslide susceptibility, since they make the mapping process and its updates agile, and give more clarity and transparency to the susceptibility assessment process. In addition, the proposed method reduces efforts in the early stages of risk management, enabling the manager to prioritize the most susceptible areas for detailed mappings. This demonstrates that decision support routines, such as those used in this dissertation, can be incorporated into susceptibility studies, providing important information for the urban planning.

Os movimentos de massa são fenômenos naturais que fazem parte dos processos de dinâmica superficial que modelam a superfície terrestre. Quando ocorrem em áreas ocupadas, podem provocar perdas econômicas, impactos sociais e, em casos extremos, perda de vidas humanas. O estabelecimento de medidas preventivas para mitigar estes danos demanda a identificação das áreas mais propensas a esses fenômenos. Partindo deste contexto, o objetivo desta dissertação foi desenvolver uma proposta metodológica para mapear a suscetibilidade a escorregamentos no município de Porto Alegre-RS, com o emprego de ferramentas de geoprocessamento. As variáveis utilizadas foram: declividade, geologia, distância de lineamentos, acúmulo de fluxo, uso do solo e cobertura vegetal, as quais foram processadas no software Idrisi. Após a padronização das variáveis por meio da aplicação de funções fuzzy e pela atribuição direta de notas, definiu-se a importância de cada uma na predisposição do terreno a escorregamentos com base na consulta a especialistas, com o apoio da técnica denominada processo analítico hierárquico. A integração das variáveis foi realizada por meio de combinação linear ponderada, estabelecendo-se dois cenários de suscetibilidade a escorregamentos: o primeiro com a suscetibilidade natural e o segundo com a suscetibilidade induzida. Os resultados indicam que as áreas mais suscetíveis a escorregamentos situam-se, principalmente, nos morros da Crista de Porto Alegre e nos morros isolados no sul do município. O restante do município apresenta, de maneira geral, baixa suscetibilidade. A validação dos resultados obteve uma exatidão geral de 95% e 94% respectivamente para os Cenários 1 e 2. As áreas abaixo da curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) foram respectivamente de 0,960 e 0,966, o que indica que as variáveis e os pesos foram adequados e que ambos os cenários são robustos. Assim, constata-se que as ferramentas de geoprocessamento são úteis no mapeamento da suscetibilidade a escorregamentos, pois tornam ágil o mapeamento e sua atualização, e dão mais clareza e transparência ao processo de avaliação da suscetibilidade. Além disso, o método proposto permite reduzir os esforços nas etapas iniciais da gestão de riscos, possibilitando ao gestor priorizar os mapeamentos mais detalhados nas áreas com maior suscetibilidade. Isso demonstra que as rotinas de apoio à decisão, como as utilizadas neste trabalho, podem ser incorporadas em estudos de suscetibilidade, provendo importantes informações para o planejamento urbano dos municípios. / Mass movements are natural phenomena that are part of the surface dynamic processes that shape the Earth’s surface. When they occur in urban areas, can cause economic losses, social impacts and, in extreme cases, losses of human lives. The implementation of preventive measures to mitigate those damages requires the identification of the areas prone to these events. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation was to develop a methodological approach to map landslide susceptibility at the municipality of Porto Alegre-RS, with the use of geoprocessing tools. The variables used were: slope, geology, distance from lineaments, flow accumulation and land use, which were processed in the Idrisi software. After the standardization of the variables through the application of fuzzy functions and the direct assignment of notes, the importance of each one on the predisposition of landslides was defined, based on the opinion of experts, with the support of the technique entitled analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The integration of the variables was based on weighted linear combination, resulting in two scenarios: the first with the natural susceptibility and the second with the induced susceptibility. The results indicate that the most susceptible areas to landslide are located in the hills of the Crista de Porto Alegre and in the isolated hills located at the south of the municipality. The remaining area has, in general, low susceptibility. The validation of the results obtained an overall accuracy of 95% and 94%, respectively for Scenarios 1 and 2. The areas under the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve were respectively 0.960 and 0.966, indicating that the variables and weights were adequate and both scenarios are robust. Thus, it is noted that geoprocessing tools are useful to map the landslide susceptibility, since they make the mapping process and its updates agile, and give more clarity and transparency to the susceptibility assessment process. In addition, the proposed method reduces efforts in the early stages of risk management, enabling the manager to prioritize the most susceptible areas for detailed mappings. This demonstrates that decision support routines, such as those used in this dissertation, can be incorporated into susceptibility studies, providing important information for the urban planning.

Dans plusieurs territoires agricoles, les débits des rivières pendant l’étiage sont régulièrement inférieurs aux normes, signant des situations de « déséquilibre structurel » entre offre et demande en eau. Les différents acteurs du territoire peinent à s’accorder sur les changements à engager, d’autant que les impacts de ces changements sont incertains. Que valent alors les différentes propositions avancées pour résoudre le déséquilibre hydrique ? Je réponds à cette question en concevant une démarche d’évaluation multicritère multi-acteur que je déploie sur le territoire de l’Aveyron aval – Lère (Sud-Ouest de la France). Quatre scénarios - trois visant à réduire l’irrigation et un à améliorer le stockage de l’eau - sont comparés au travers de simulations informatiques (modèle MAELIA) et de jugements d’acteurs (outil KERBABEL DST). Les scénarios se différencient en termes d’intensité et de diversité des impacts simulés, d’intérêts ou préjudices perçus par les acteurs, et de capacité à produire du consensus ou de la discorde. Les connaissances développées à l’issue de cette thèse sont d’ordres agronomique, socioéconomique et méthodologique. / In many agricultural landscapes, river flows during the low-water period regularly fall below regulatory thresholds, indicating situations of structural imbalance between the water offer and demand. The various stakeholders disagree on the changes to implement, especially since the impacts of these changes are uncertain. In this context, how valuable are the different proposals to solve the water imbalance? I answer this question by designing a multi-actor multicriteria evaluation method, which I adapt to the downstream Aveyron watershed (South-Western France). Four scenarios – three aiming to reduce irrigation withdrawals and one improving water storage – are compared based on computer simulations (MAELIA model) and stakeholder judgments (KERBABEL deliberation support tool). Scenarios differ from each other in terms of magnitude and diversity of the simulated impacts, perceived advantages and weaknesses, and capability to generate consensus or discord among stakeholders. Agronomic, socioeconomic and methodological knowledge is derived from this thesis.

Através de metodologias atuais, baseadas no uso de sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG), o presente trabalho visa selecionar áreas aptas à disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos na sub-bacia hidrográfica da Represa de Itupararanga (bacia dos Rios Sorocaba e Médio Tietê) que abriga um excelente manancial utilizado para o abastecimento público de cinco municípios, perfazendo o total de um milhão de habitantes, porém, com capacidade para abastecer cerca de dois milhões de habitantes. Dos oito municípios (Ibiúna, Piedade, Cotia, Vargem Grande Paulista, Mairinque, São Roque, Alumínio e Votorantin) que possuem área dentro da bacia, apenas um utiliza-se de aterro sanitário satisfazendo todas as exigências de proteção ambiental. Dos restantes, um atende parcialmente as exigências e os outros dispõem seus resíduos em lixões, o que contribui à degradação da qualidade e quantidade de água disponível. A abordagem sobre os resíduos sólidos, as formas de disposição, os meios de tratamento e a legislação e normas pertinentes servirão de auxílio para um maior entendimento da problemática e da busca por soluções com o uso de sistemas de informação geográfica. Por meio dos mapas de divisão geopolítica, topográfico, geomorfológico, pedológico, hidrográfico, rodoviário e uso e ocupação do solo, todos na forma digital e fornecido pelo comitê de bacia hidrográfica local, e da carta geotécnica elaborada pelo IPT, foram produzidos diversos cenários de locais ideais à disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos. Para a obtenção dos cenários adotou-se critérios técnicos, ambientais e sócio-econômicos, estes seguindo rigorosamente a legislação ambiental brasileira e as normas técnicas da ABNT. A seleção de áreas com o auxílio de sistemas informações geográficas baseiam-se, atualmente, na análise estratégica de decisão, também conhecida como análise multicritério ou análise multiobjetivo. Essas análises centram-se na lógica booleana ou na lógica fuzzy. A primeira é atribuída aos critérios por restrição, ou seja, são consideradas para limitações absolutas, as quais definem áreas aptas ou não aptas. A segunda, por sua vez, atribui-se aos critérios por fatores, isto é, são consideradas para limitações relativas que definem algum grau de aptidão (ou adequabilidade) às regiões geográficas. O grau de adequabilidade é variável de acordo com os pesos atribuídos, pelo decisor (ou profissionais envolvidos), aos diferentes fatores adotados na seleção. Estudos recentes apontam falhas de 35,6% na seleção final de áreas adequadas à disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos quando utilizada a lógica booleana em comparação com a lógica fuzzy. Partindo desse princípio obteve-se diferentes cenários, sendo que se escolheu o cenário com maior número de áreas de alta adequabilidade. De posse desse cenário, impôs-se, como requisito básico para a seleção preliminar, locais de adequabilidade maior do que 220 (numa escala variando de 0 a 255) e áreas com mais de 20 hectares. O resultado obtido foi diversas áreas, dentro da região de estudo, que atendam aos critérios impostos para a seleção preliminar de locais ideais à implantação de aterros sanitários. / Through current methodologies, based on the use of geographic information systems (GIS), the present work seeks to select propitious areas to the disposition of municipal solid waste in the Itupararanga Watershed (Basin of the Sorocaba and Medium Tietê River) that shelters an excellent fountainhead used for the public supplying of five municipal districts, performing a million inhabitants\' total, however, with capacity to supply about two million inhabitants. Of the eight municipal districts (Ibiúna, Piedade, Cotia, Vargem Grande Paulista, Mairinque, São Roque, Alumínio and Votorantin) that have area inside of the basin, in just one is used of sanitary landfill satisfying all of the requirement of environmental protection. Of the remaining ones, one attends partially the requirement and others dispose their residues in inappropriate site, what contributes to the degradation of the quality and amount of available water. The approach on the solid waste, the disposition forms, the treatment means and the legislation and pertinent norms will serve as aid for a larger understanding of the problem and of the search for solutions with the use of geographic information systems. Through the maps of geopolitic division, topographical, geomorphologic, pedologic, hydrographic, highway and land use, all in the digital form and supplied by the committee of local watershed, and of the geotechnic chart elaborated by IPT, several sceneries of ideal site were produced tothe disposition of municipal solid waste. For the obtaining of the sceneries it was adopted technical, environmental and social economic criteria, these following the brazilian environmental legislation and the technical norms of ABNT strictly. The selection of areas with the aid of geographic information systems is based, now, in the strategic analysis of decision, also known as multicriteria analysis or multiobjective analysis. Those analyses are centered in the boolean logic or in the fuzzy logic. The first is attributed to the criteria by restriction, in other words, they are considered for absolute limitations, which define propitious areas or not. For second is attributed to the criteria by factors, that is, they are considered for relative limitations that define some aptness degree (or adequability) to the geographical areas. The aptness degree is variable according with the attributed weights, for the decisor (or involved professionals), to the different factors adopted in the selection. Recent studies point errors of 35,6% in the final selection of appropriate areas to the disposition of municipal solid waste when used the boolean logic in comparison with the fuzzy logic. Leaving of that beginning was obtained different sceneries, and it was chosen the scenery with larger number of areas of high aptness. Of ownership of that scenery, it was imposed, as basic requirement for the preliminary selection, places of larger adequabilitythan 220 (in a scale varying from 0 to 255) and areas with more than 20 hectares. The obtained result was several areas, inside of the study area, that you/they assist to the criteria imposed for the preliminary selection of ideal site to the implantation of sanitary landfill.

L’étude dévoile un caractère pluridisciplinaire portant dans un premier temps sur l’économie du développement durable, l’économie de l’environnement et l’économie écologique.Dans un second temps, nous décryptons précisément, l’agencement en usage, des politiques publiques d’énergie sur une échelle continentale, nationale et territoriale d’analyse du sujet, en s’appuyant sur les données de politiques économiques de l’énergie pour l’Europe, la France et la région Corse. La Corse et ses dispositions particulières liées à son insularité sont appréhendées.Une simulation d’évaluation multicritère de scénarios d’avenir énergétiques conclue nos travaux. L’objectif ici est de déterminer les trajectoires pertinentes en matière de scénarios d’avenirs énergétiques pour la Corse.Elle comprend la construction des scénarios, une présentation de la typologie de recherche d’une évaluation multicritère, incluant un résumé de la littérature scientifique appliquée aux scénarios énergétiques dans le cadre d’une évaluation multicritère, et une synthèse des problématiques multicritères, ainsi qu’un developement portant sur le choix de la méthode.Les résultats de l’évaluation indiquent une préférence forte pour le scénario du développement durable. Ils déterminent le meilleur compromis possible entre les différentes hypothèses de scénario selon les critères retenus. Le résultat obtenu indique que le développement durable offre des solutions aux problématiques locales. / The study reveals a multidisciplinary character concerning, in the first time, the economy of the sustainable development, economy of the environment and ecological economy.In the second time, we will study precisely, the way public policies on energy are carried out and regarded at, on a continental, national and territorial ladder, by leaning on the political data of the macroeconomics of energy politics for Europe, France and finally the Corsican region. The frame of the analysis was delimited by an applied formal perimeter, and inscribes itself in a continuum of integration of sustainable development as an aim. All the aspects of the particular situation of Corsica due to its insularity will be approached and studiedA multicriteria simulation and evaluation of different energy scenarios which will conclude our work. The objective here is to determine the best possible ways for Corsica to source its energy in the future.This includes the construction of scenarios, a presentation of the research typology of a multicriteria evaluation, including a summary of the scientific literature applied to energy scenarios as part of the multicriteria evaluation, and a synthesis of multicriteria problematic, as well as a development concerning the choice of the applied method.The results of our study point out a strong preference for the scenario of sustainable development. They determine the best possible compromise between the different hypothetical scenarios according to our chosen criteria. Our obtained result points out that sustainable development offers the best solutions to local given problems.

Work to the theme "Analysis of insurance products for small and medium sized enterprises" tries to find the optimal variant of insurance of enterprise for the given company. These variants, also the given insurance companies, are compared by using of monocriteria and multicriteria evaluation of variants. It is possible to apprise basic concept in the first part, relating to insurance industry, insurance, enterprise, small and medium sized enterprises, mono and multicriteria evaluation of variants. There is a given company defined in the practical part, what are these variants evaluate for. There are also requests defined, that a company holder determines with a help of insurance broker, and then insurance offers are in this part defined. I used a method of monocriteria evaluation that supposes pessimistic approach for evaluation of variants. The aim of this evaluation was to determine which combination of insurances would be for the businessman and his company the optimal variant. Variants were evaluated with the help of multicriteria evaluation later, specifically Saaty´ method of weight determination and AHP method for order determination. Criteria, which were evaluated, are for example insurance premium over the discount that was offered through individual insurance companies, requirements for the security of buildings that provide insurance companies, etc. Four variants were evaluated. Today´s businessmen often solve problem, how they should protect themselves and their business against risks that can threaten. At this moment it is important to realize not only what type of risks threaten the business, but also the extent of its. When a businessman decides to one insurance option, it´s necessary to navigate himself through the offers of insurance companies and even get advice from an insurance broker. He can also for example decide based on personal experience with the insurance company. It´s definitely important to analyse the offers from different insurers.

Submitted by Dilene Paulo (dilene.fatima@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-03-06T14:54:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SUÊNIO ANDERSON FELICIANO DA SILVA – DISSERTAÇÃO PPGECA 2016.pdf: 3921966 bytes, checksum: 53c3555eef829b588ba9d5d3ac4ca044 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-06T14:54:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SUÊNIO ANDERSON FELICIANO DA SILVA – DISSERTAÇÃO PPGECA 2016.pdf: 3921966 bytes, checksum: 53c3555eef829b588ba9d5d3ac4ca044 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-07 / No semiárido brasileiro, a situação de escassez hídrica compromete o desenvolvimento econômico e social da região. Assim, torna-se necessário desenvolver ferramentas adequadas para apoiar a tomada de decisão quanto ao uso dos recursos hídricos, de maneira a encontrar alternativas de adaptação da agricultura, principalmente, em perímetros irrigados, às alterações climáticas enfrentadas. Particularmente nos perímetros irrigados criados pelo Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra Seca (DNOCS), torna-se um desafio o uso dos recursos hídricos, em decorrência do descompasso da oferta e demanda de água nestes locais, agravado pela falta de planejamento quanto ao uso destes recursos. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo a utilização do (Processo de Análise Hierárquica) AHP em (Sistema de Informações Geográficas) SIG como ferramenta para auxiliar a tomada de decisão quanto ao uso dos recursos hídricos no perímetro irrigado de Sumé-PB. O diagnóstico qualiquantitativo demonstrou que dos recursos hídricos, o que possui melhor qualidade química e microbiológica corresponde à água superficial, e que, para viabilização integral da irrigação no perímetro são necessárias, no mínimo, duas fontes hídricas como água superficial e subterrânea. A modelagem espacial multicritério demonstrou que dentre os critérios utilizados, o mais restritivo corresponde à qualidade da água, isto é comprovado mediante as faixas de adequação e inadequação obtidas nas alternativas concebidas pelo modelo espacial. A água residuária por revelar uma qualidade inferior em comparação às águas subterrânea e superficial apresentou uma maior faixa de inadequação nas alternativas geradas, considerando pesos semelhantes no processo hierárquico para os critérios técnicos, econômicos e ambientais dentro do modelo para os recursos hídricos estudados. Com base nas alternativas geradas pelo modelo para água superficial e subterrânea, gerou-se um cenário para o gerenciamento integrado dos recursos para uma área irrigável de aproximadamente 118 hectares com água superficial, 112 hectares com água subterrânea e 58 hectares ditos inadequados para o uso de tais recursos. / Water Scarcity disrupts an economic and social development for the whole Brazilian semi-arid region. In order to minimize this problem, suitable decision-making tools can be used for helping on agriculture and climate change adaptations in irrigated crop areas. In the National Department of Works Against Drought (DNOCS) irrigated areas, it becomes a challenge the water management by the irregular proportionality among offer and demand, compounded by a bad water use planning. In this sense, this dissertation proposes an integrated use of (Analytic Hierarchy Process) AHP and (Geographic Information System) GIS tools for helping an integrated water management in Sumé-PB area. Through a qualitative and quantitative analysis, it shows that the surface water source has a better water quality (microbiological and chemical). It also shows for irrigating the whole area it will be necessary at least two different water sources (as surface water and groundwater as well). The spatial multicriteria modeling comes up the water quality as the most restrictive criteria. It can be proofed by the suitability ranges obtained by the alternatives suggested on the spatial modeling. The waste water revealed a low quality comparing with the groundwater and surface water. Using similar weights for hierarchical analysis of all criterion (technical, economic and environmental), the model shows a wide “no suitability” range for waste water sources (reuse). Based on the generated alternatives for surface and groundwater, a scenario was simulated to an integrated water resources management of the crops areas. Results are approximately 118 hectares recommended by the model to be irrigated by surface water, 112 hectares by groundwater and 58 hectares are not appropriate to use any water resources.

Através de metodologias atuais, baseadas no uso de sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG), o presente trabalho visa selecionar áreas aptas à disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos na sub-bacia hidrográfica da Represa de Itupararanga (bacia dos Rios Sorocaba e Médio Tietê) que abriga um excelente manancial utilizado para o abastecimento público de cinco municípios, perfazendo o total de um milhão de habitantes, porém, com capacidade para abastecer cerca de dois milhões de habitantes. Dos oito municípios (Ibiúna, Piedade, Cotia, Vargem Grande Paulista, Mairinque, São Roque, Alumínio e Votorantin) que possuem área dentro da bacia, apenas um utiliza-se de aterro sanitário satisfazendo todas as exigências de proteção ambiental. Dos restantes, um atende parcialmente as exigências e os outros dispõem seus resíduos em lixões, o que contribui à degradação da qualidade e quantidade de água disponível. A abordagem sobre os resíduos sólidos, as formas de disposição, os meios de tratamento e a legislação e normas pertinentes servirão de auxílio para um maior entendimento da problemática e da busca por soluções com o uso de sistemas de informação geográfica. Por meio dos mapas de divisão geopolítica, topográfico, geomorfológico, pedológico, hidrográfico, rodoviário e uso e ocupação do solo, todos na forma digital e fornecido pelo comitê de bacia hidrográfica local, e da carta geotécnica elaborada pelo IPT, foram produzidos diversos cenários de locais ideais à disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos. Para a obtenção dos cenários adotou-se critérios técnicos, ambientais e sócio-econômicos, estes seguindo rigorosamente a legislação ambiental brasileira e as normas técnicas da ABNT. A seleção de áreas com o auxílio de sistemas informações geográficas baseiam-se, atualmente, na análise estratégica de decisão, também conhecida como análise multicritério ou análise multiobjetivo. Essas análises centram-se na lógica booleana ou na lógica fuzzy. A primeira é atribuída aos critérios por restrição, ou seja, são consideradas para limitações absolutas, as quais definem áreas aptas ou não aptas. A segunda, por sua vez, atribui-se aos critérios por fatores, isto é, são consideradas para limitações relativas que definem algum grau de aptidão (ou adequabilidade) às regiões geográficas. O grau de adequabilidade é variável de acordo com os pesos atribuídos, pelo decisor (ou profissionais envolvidos), aos diferentes fatores adotados na seleção. Estudos recentes apontam falhas de 35,6% na seleção final de áreas adequadas à disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos quando utilizada a lógica booleana em comparação com a lógica fuzzy. Partindo desse princípio obteve-se diferentes cenários, sendo que se escolheu o cenário com maior número de áreas de alta adequabilidade. De posse desse cenário, impôs-se, como requisito básico para a seleção preliminar, locais de adequabilidade maior do que 220 (numa escala variando de 0 a 255) e áreas com mais de 20 hectares. O resultado obtido foi diversas áreas, dentro da região de estudo, que atendam aos critérios impostos para a seleção preliminar de locais ideais à implantação de aterros sanitários. / Through current methodologies, based on the use of geographic information systems (GIS), the present work seeks to select propitious areas to the disposition of municipal solid waste in the Itupararanga Watershed (Basin of the Sorocaba and Medium Tietê River) that shelters an excellent fountainhead used for the public supplying of five municipal districts, performing a million inhabitants\' total, however, with capacity to supply about two million inhabitants. Of the eight municipal districts (Ibiúna, Piedade, Cotia, Vargem Grande Paulista, Mairinque, São Roque, Alumínio and Votorantin) that have area inside of the basin, in just one is used of sanitary landfill satisfying all of the requirement of environmental protection. Of the remaining ones, one attends partially the requirement and others dispose their residues in inappropriate site, what contributes to the degradation of the quality and amount of available water. The approach on the solid waste, the disposition forms, the treatment means and the legislation and pertinent norms will serve as aid for a larger understanding of the problem and of the search for solutions with the use of geographic information systems. Through the maps of geopolitic division, topographical, geomorphologic, pedologic, hydrographic, highway and land use, all in the digital form and supplied by the committee of local watershed, and of the geotechnic chart elaborated by IPT, several sceneries of ideal site were produced tothe disposition of municipal solid waste. For the obtaining of the sceneries it was adopted technical, environmental and social economic criteria, these following the brazilian environmental legislation and the technical norms of ABNT strictly. The selection of areas with the aid of geographic information systems is based, now, in the strategic analysis of decision, also known as multicriteria analysis or multiobjective analysis. Those analyses are centered in the boolean logic or in the fuzzy logic. The first is attributed to the criteria by restriction, in other words, they are considered for absolute limitations, which define propitious areas or not. For second is attributed to the criteria by factors, that is, they are considered for relative limitations that define some aptness degree (or adequability) to the geographical areas. The aptness degree is variable according with the attributed weights, for the decisor (or involved professionals), to the different factors adopted in the selection. Recent studies point errors of 35,6% in the final selection of appropriate areas to the disposition of municipal solid waste when used the boolean logic in comparison with the fuzzy logic. Leaving of that beginning was obtained different sceneries, and it was chosen the scenery with larger number of areas of high aptness. Of ownership of that scenery, it was imposed, as basic requirement for the preliminary selection, places of larger adequabilitythan 220 (in a scale varying from 0 to 255) and areas with more than 20 hectares. The obtained result was several areas, inside of the study area, that you/they assist to the criteria imposed for the preliminary selection of ideal site to the implantation of sanitary landfill.

The thesis describes the application of several methods of multicriterial evaluation of alternatives (MEoA) in various phases of the recruitment process for the position Corporate Account Manager in Telefónica O2 Czech Republic, a.s. In the first round, the group of all enrolled candidates is reduced using aspiration levels. In the second round, this narrowed down group goes through the Assessment Centre. Using other methods of MEoA, the most suitable candidate for the position is chosen.

C’est aujourd’hui une nécessité pour une chaîne de valeur agroalimentaire que d’établir et déployer une stratégie de durabilité cohérente pour ses différentes parties prenantes et de parvenir à communiquer sur les efforts conduits auprès des citoyens et consommateurs, dont la demande de produits plus durables est croissante. Pour aller au-delà des premières initiatives existantes (cahiers des charges, labels, etc.), et accroître de façon effective leur performance durable et la qualité perçue de leur offre, envisager de nouveaux outils de gestion, construits conjointement entre l’amont et l’aval peut être une solution. Or les acteurs de ces chaînes, aux intérêts et cultures différents, ont notamment des visions individuelles de la durabilité. Par conséquent, s'ils veulent coopérer pour l’amélioration de la performance durable de leur chaîne de valeur, ils doivent répondre à un niveau minimum de satisfaction de chacun d’entre eux. Ce travail cherche à proposer de nouveaux outils de gestion standardisés et interopérables aux chaînes de valeur alimentaires afin qu’elles puissent co-créer de la valeur durable partagée et s’orienter vers de nouveaux modes de gouvernance.Le contexte expérimental est celui d’une chaîne de valeur de porc français, dont les acteurs entretiennent des relations contractuelles et ont déjà engagé un travail conjoint sur la durabilité de certains produits. Une première contribution porte sur la réflexion pour construire une métrique d’évaluation de la performance durable des chaînes de valeur alimentaires. Les trois cas suivants portent sur les possibilités pour les acteurs d'une chaîne de valeur alimentaire de coopérer dans le partage de solutions d'amélioration de la durabilité. Un scénario témoin est comparé avec plusieurs scénarios d’amélioration de la durabilité et les résultats sont confrontés aux attentes respectives des différents acteurs de la chaîne de valeur. Une quatrième partie s’intéresse l'importance du partage de données standardisées entre les différents acteurs pour soutenir la performance durable. Enfin une dernière section propose un modèle d’appui à un travail participatif pour faciliter la définition d’une stratégie commune de durabilité. / It is now necessary for an agrifood value chain to set-up and develop a coherent sustainability strategy for its various stakeholders and to communicate on the efforts made towards citizens and consumers, in demand for more and more sustainable products. To go beyond the first existing initiatives (specifications, labels, etc.), and effectively increase both their sustainable performance and the perceived quality of their offer, considering new management tools, built jointly between upstream and downstream can be a solution. However, the actors in these chains, with different interests and cultures, have individual visions of sustainability. Therefore, if they want to cooperate in order to improve the sustainable performance of their value chain, they should meet a minimum level of satisfaction for each of them. This work aims to propose new standardized and interoperable management tools for food value chains so that the actors can co-create shared sustainable value and move towards new modes of governance.The experimental context is French pork value chains, whose actors maintain contractual relations and have already tackled joint work on the sustainability of certain products. A first contribution focuses on reflection to build a metric to evaluate the sustainable performance of food value chains. The three following cases are dealing with the possibilities for actors in a food value chain to cooperate on common solutions for sustainability improvement. Contrasted alternative scenarios are compared between them and the results are confronted with the respective expectations of the different actors in the value chain. A fourth section focuses on the importance of standardized data sharing among the various actors to support the sustainable performance. Finally, a final section proposes a support model for participative work in order to facilitate a common strategy definition for sustainability.