Aujourd’hui, en Amérique latine, il existe une véritable multiplication de l’activité multilatérale par la création de différents types d’espace de coopération : l’Union des Nations Sud-américaine (UNASUR), l’Alliance Bolivarienne Pour les Peuples de Notre Amérique (ALBA), l’Alliance du Pacifique et la Communauté des Etats Latino-américains et des Caraïbes (CELAC). Actuellement, pour définir ces nouvelles organisations multilatérales, les politiciens, les académiciens, les scientifiques et les juristes ont utilisé divers notions : processus d’intégration, intégration maximaliste, intégration politique, intégration énergétique, régionalisme post-néolibéral, nouveau régionalisme, nouveau processus d’intégration, convergence, coopération sociale, culturelle et économique, et instance de concertation du dialogue et de la politique. Pourtant l’intégration latino-américaine est une intégration discursive. Et parfois, elle est utilisée pour les processus de coopération.Cette nouvelle dynamique multilatérale latino-américaine entraine une problématique sur l’avenir et l’ampleur de la participation de l’Amérique latine, en tant que regroupement d’Etats, dans la nouvelle configuration de la gouvernance internationale. Ainsi, pour comprendre ces nouvelles formes de relations interétatiques, la construction et la consolidation de leurs niveaux d’institutionnalisation permettent d’obtenir des résultats sur le modèle de l’intégration et des relations multilatérales dans la région. / Today in Latin America, there is a real increase of multilateral activity through the creation of different types of cooperation areas, such as: the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of the Americas (ALBA), the Pacific Alliance and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC).Currently, to define these new multilateral organizations, politicians, academia, scientists and lawyers, have used various definitions: the integration process, maximalist integration, political integration, energy integration, post-neoliberal regionalism, new regionalism, new process integration, convergence, social cooperation, cultural and economic and consultative body for dialogue and politics, among others. However, the integration of Latin America is a discursive interaction; and sometimes it is used for cooperation processes.This new Latin American multilateral dynamic leads to a problem for the future, to the extent of the participation of Latin America, as a grouping of states in the new configuration of international governance. Thus, in understanding the new forms of interstate relations, its construction and consolidation of its institutionalization stages, allowing for the model of the results of integration and multilateral relations in the region.

The diploma thesis analyzes the way of promoting the national interest of the Czech Republic in Georgia and describes possible changes as a result of the Czech EU Presidency. The national interest is examined based on the assumption that the state foreign policy is the expression of the national interest. Therefore, the primary sources for this analysis are official foreign policy documents of the Czech Republic. The aim is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that Czech foreign-policy towards Georgia in the period from 2007 to 2011 was driven by the aim to maximize own profit through EU structures. Given the size of the Czech Republic and its geopolitical importace, the analysis is based on the theory of neo-liberal institutionalism, and in accordance with this theory the national interest operationalized into four criteria, namely: 1) Compliance of EU and Czech interests, 2) Profiting from the EU presidency to promote the Czech interests, 3) Long-term consistency of interests, and 4) Economic interests as the main priority. The set of criteria helped to identify whether the Czech Republic behaved in accordance with the theory of neo-liberal institutionalism, and whether the Czech interests were promoted either through multilateral or bilateral relations. The analysis shows that in the studied...

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Karla Ferreira Dias Cassiano - 2017.pdf: 2529283 bytes, checksum: d49d489ec1959d80373cc0f23af2c61d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-14 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Considering the space that the Environmental Education has been given in the national and international policy strategies, this investigation was developed with the objective of analyzing the national and international guidelines for the Environmental Education, highlighting the dependency relation and/or resistance from the convergence and divergence mapping between them. The document-based research sought to identify elements that could characterize the knowledge, the practices and the traditions belonging to these guidelines from the analyses of the concepts pertaining to the EE field, historically developed based on environment concepts, education and development. To achieve such a goal, the analyses was carried out based on Ludwik Fleck’s epistemological proposition about the formation of Thinking Styles in the development of historical processes, defined by social interactions that make up the collective thinking and allow the outer and inter-collective knowledge circulation. The data analyzed was found in documented registries published between 1940 and 2012 by multilateral organizations, government programs and projects. Aiming to characterize the stylistic principles identified in the guidelines, the analyses was carried out from a system of previous periodicity which resulted in the systematization of the following periods: Originary (1940 – 1971); Conceptual (1972 – 1980); Developmentalist (1981 – 1990) and; Reformist (1991 – 2012). The first phase of the research indicated the construction and the pre-idea developments that served as a foundation for the structuring concepts formulation of a Global Thinking Style characterized by the environment’s naturalist concepts and by the constant recurrence to the strategy creations for the strengthening of economic growth. The constructed orientation analyses in specific contexts revealed stylistic principles closely attached to the political and international economic relations among countries from the Inner and Outer circles. In the comparative phase between the Brazilian and international guidelines, the study initially pointed out an adaptation step for the international guidelines, based on the Global Thinking Style, stretched through the periods. Afterwards, it was possible to identify a transformation in this style through the solidification of inter-collective circulations with the Critical – Transforming Thinking Style emerging in Brazil, which produced a transition phase in the Brazilian guidelines formulation, still distinguished by the hybridization of Global and Critical – Transforming Thinking Styles. / Considerando o espaço que a Educação Ambiental tem recebido nas estratégias políticas internacionais e nacionais, esta investigação foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de analisar as diretrizes internacionais e brasileiras para a Educação Ambiental, destacando as relações de dependência e/ou resistência a partir do mapeamento de convergências e divergências entre elas. A pesquisa de cunho documental buscou identificar elementos que pudessem caracterizar os conhecimentos, as práticas e as tradições pertencentes a essas diretrizes a partir da análise dos conceitos inerentes ao campo da EA, historicamente elaborados à luz das concepções de meio ambiente, educação e desenvolvimento. Para tanto, a análise foi realizada com base na proposição epistemológica de Ludwik Fleck sobre a formação de Estilos de Pensamento no desenvolvimento dos processos históricos, definidos por interações sociais que constituem Coletivos de Pensamento e possibilitam circulações intra e intercoletivas de conhecimentos. Os dados analisados foram encontrados em registros documentais publicados entre 1940 e 2012 por organizações multilaterais, programas e projetos governamentais. Visando caracterizar os princípios estilísticos identificados nas diretrizes, a análise foi desenvolvida a partir de um sistema de periodização prévia que resultou na sistematização dos seguintes períodos: Originário (1940 - 1971); Conceitual (1972 – 1980); Desenvolvimentista (1981 - 1990) e; Reformista (1991 - 2012). A primeira fase da pesquisa indicou a construção e o desenvolvimento de pré-ideias que fundamentaram a formulação dos conceitos estruturantes de um Estilo de Pensamento Global caracterizado por concepções naturalistas de meio ambiente e pela constante recorrência à criação de estratégias para o fortalecimento do crescimento econômico. A análise das orientações construídas em contextos específicos revelou princípios estilísticos estreitamente vinculados às relações políticas e econômicas internacionais entre países do Centro e da Periferia. Na fase comparativa entre as diretrizes internacionais e brasileiras, o estudo apontou inicialmente uma etapa de adaptação das diretrizes globais, fundamentadas no Estilo de Pensamento Global, estendido entre os períodos. Posteriormente, foi possível identificar transformações nesse estilo por meio da concretização de circulações intercoletivas com o Estilo de Pensamento Crítico- Transformador emergente no Brasil, o que produziu uma fase de transição na formulação de diretrizes brasileiras, marcada ainda pela hibridização de princípios do Estilo de Pensamento Global e do Estilo de Pensamento Crítico-Transformador.

Cette thèse analyse la vie politique intérieure et extérieure, économique et constitutionnelle de la Mongolie depuis sa révolution démocratique. Depuis qu'elle s'est "détachée" politiquement et économiquement de la Russie, ce petit pays mise sur ses richesses naturelles et la Mongolie veut désormais développer sa coopération avec les autres pays et notamment ceux qui ont de l'expérience dans le domaine minier. Les analyses des investissements étrangers directs en Mongolie montrent l'impact de la législation intérieure: lois sur l'exploration et l'exploitation des ressources naturelles, la protection de l'environnement, et le classement stratégique des sites des ressources naturelles... La thèse s’emploie à expliquer les relations actuelles de la Mongolie avec les pays étrangers, et tente de prévoir ce qu'elles seront probablement à l'avenir compte tenu des engagements vis-à-vis des organisations internationales et des accords bilatéraux et multilatéraux. Cette thèse met en perspective le concept de "troisième voisin" dans la politique étrangère de la Mongolie qui partage la frontière avec la Russie au nord et la Chine au sud: la recherche de l’appui d’une tierce puissance, qui est un voisin virtuel (c’est-à-dire sans proximité géographique) partageant les mêmes valeurs démocratiques. En ce sens, la France, l'Allemagne, le Japon, les Etats-Unis, la République de Corée et le Canada sont des troisièmes voisins. Cette thèse tente d'expliquer en détails, les relations bilatérales entre la Mongolie et la France, sa troisième voisine privilégiée. Elle met en lumière les relations humaines, communautaires et territoriales entre la France et la Mongolie qui permettent d'entretenir de bonnes relations à un plus haut niveau indépendamment des problèmes économiques et politiques. Finalement, en tant que toute première thèse sur les relations étrangères mongoles, surtout avec la France, elle vise à servir de base de référence pour ceux qui s'intéressent à la Mongolie. / This thesis analyzes the internal and external political, economic and constitutional life of Mongolia since its democratic revolution. This small country mainly relies on its natural resources and willing to develop its cooperation with other countries, which have rich experiences in mining. Analyses on foreign direct investment in Mongolia show the impact of domestic legislation: laws on the exploration and exploitation of natural resources, protection of the environment, and strategic ranking of natural resource sites etc. The thesis attempts to explain Mongolia's current relations with foreign countries and tries to predict the future in light of the commitments to international organizations and bilateral and multilateral agreements. This thesis puts into perspective the concept of "third neighbor" in Mongolia's foreign policy: the search for the support of a third power, which is a virtual neighbor (ie without geographical proximity) sharing the same democratic values. Moreover, it tries to explain in detail, the bilateral relations between Mongolia and France, its privileged "third neighbor". It highlights the human and territorial relations between France and Mongolia that allow for good relations at a higher level irrespective of economic and political problems. Finally, as the very first thesis on Mongolian foreign relations, namely with France, it aims to serve as a reference base for those interested in Mongolia.