Orientador: Antonio Carlos Bannwart / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T09:34:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gaspari_EduardoFerreira_D.pdf: 3211545 bytes, checksum: 80820e359cf9df0a39b228d34978524f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Utilizando um método numérico especializado em problemas hiperbólicos chamado Riemann Solver, é feito um estudo para avaliar o processo de evolução de roll waves em canais fechados. Todo o estudo se baseia em fenômenos de propagação de ondas hiperbólicas do tipo ondas de gravidade. Foi utilizado um modelo unidimensional para representar a dinâmica das roll waves. Inicialmente foi feita uma análise das velocidades características envolvidas, a qual indicou, para o arranjo estratificado, um fraco acoplamento entre os fenômenos de propagação de onda mais relacionados com a compressibilidade dos fluidos e os fenômenos de propagação de ondas mais relacionados com a variação hidrostática na seção transversal do canal. Os resultados desta análise foram utilizados para justificar uma modelagem de roll wave considerando os fluidos como incompressíveis. Testes numéricos também foram feitos, demonstrando que a hipótese de fluidos incompressíveis não leva a uma perda de qualidade na modelagem de ondas de gravidade em canais fechados. Foi observada a fragilidade da hipótese de perfil hidrostático de pressão nos modelos de dois fluidos e é proposta uma modificação para este perfil de pressão considerando os efeitos dinâmicos devido à forma rugosa da interface em um escoamento estratificado instável. São feitas comparações com resultados experimentais de literatura para o filme de líquido em regime laminar e foram feitos experimentos para o filme de líquido em regime turbulento. As comparações entre as simulações e os resultados experimentais demonstrando que o modelo proposto é consistente / Abstract: Using a Riemann Solver numerical method, a study to evaluate the process of evolution of roll waves in closed channels was implemented. The whole study is based on the phenomena of hyperbolic gravity waves propagation. It was used a one-dimensional model to represent the dynamics of roll waves. Initially an analysis of the propagation wave velocities involved on to the stratified flow was done, a weak coupling between the wave propagation phenomena more closely related to fluid compressibility and wave propagation phenomena more closely related to the change in the void fraction, due the gravity waves, was verified. The results of this analysis were used to justify a roll wave modeling considering the fluids as incompressible. Numerical tests were also performed, showing that the hypothesis of incompressible fluids does not lead to a loss of quality in the modeling of gravity waves in closed channels. It was observed a fragility of the hydrostatic pressure profile assumption to modeling unstable stratified flow. It was proposed a modification to this pressure profile, considering the dynamic effects of the roughness interface. Comparisons were made with experimental results from the literature for the liquid film in laminar and experiments made for the film of liquid in turbulent flow. This comparison between simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model is consistent / Doutorado / Explotação / Doutor em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Orientador: Milton Mori / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T18:43:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvaJunior_JoaoLameuda_D.pdf: 4304757 bytes, checksum: 87ed8cbf9a1722317132a9054fbfd782 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Nesta pesquisa investigou-se numericamente as características fluidodinâmicas de colunas de bolhas em leito de lama operando sob diferentes regimes de escoamento e concentrações de sólido particulado empregando a técnica CFD. A síntese de metanol em duas etapas (carbonilação e hidrogenação catalítica) também foi estudada numericamente em um reator em leito de lama. Na análise fluidodinâmica, o papel das interações entre as diferentes fases, a turbulência induzida pelas bolhas e o balanço populacional destas foram estudados. As predições das simulações foram validadas com dados experimentais obtidos da literatura. Na análise fluidodinâmica e cinética, os fenômenos de transferência de massa e de calor entre fases e as taxas das reações químicas foram avaliadas e os resultados foram comparados a dados experimentais de composição da fase líquida e de conversão do gás de síntese obtidos da literatura. As interações disperso-contínuo (arrastes gás-líquido e sólido-líquido) mostraram ser fundamentais na modelagem correta de sistemas trifásicos. As interações entre as fases dispersas (arraste gás-sólido e interação sólido-sólido) apresentaram influências significativas sob certas condições operacionais. O modelo de balanço populacional não-homogêneo promoveu bons resultados para a condição operacional estudada. A turbulência induzida pelas bolhas também demonstrou ser essencial na modelagem correta do escoamento de sistemas gás-líquido-sólido. Os modelos fluidodinâmicos com expressões cinéticas do tipo Langmuir-Hinshelwood para a síntese de metanol representaram bem o sistema reativo estudado. Em síntese, os modelos CFD propostos e simulados foram capazes de predizer o comportamento do escoamento de colunas de bolhas em leito de lama nas condições estudadas / Abstract: In the present work, numerical simulations using CFD were performed to study the fluid dynamic characteristics of a slurry bubble column operating under different flow regimes and particulate solid concentrations. The two-step methanol synthesis (carbonylation and catalytic hydrogenolysis) was also numerically investigated in a slurry bubble column reactor. In the fluid dynamic analysis, the role of phase interactions, bubble induced turbulence and population balance for bubbles were evaluated. The simulations were validated with experimental data from literature. In the fluid dynamic with chemical reactions analysis, mass and heat transfer between phases and reaction rates were evaluated and the results were compared with experimental data of liquid compositions and syngas conversion. Dispersed-continuous interactions (gas-liquid and solid-liquid drag forces) showed to be fundamental to model correctly three-phase systems. Dispersed-dispersed interactions (gas-solid drag force and solid-solid interactions) exhibited expressive influences under certain operating conditions. The inhomogeneous population balance model promoted good results for the operating conditions studied. Bubble induced turbulence is also an essential feature in the modelling of gas-liquid-solid systems. The fluid dynamic model with Langmuir-Hinshelwood-type rate expressions for the methanol synthesis represented well the reaction system studied. The proposed CFD models were capable to predict flow behaviour of slurry systems in the investigated operating conditions / Doutorado / Engenharia Química / Doutor em Engenharia Química

abstract: Compressible fluid flows involving multiple physical states of matter occur in both nature and technical applications such as underwater explosions and implosions, cavitation-induced bubble collapse in naval applications and Richtmyer-Meshkov type instabilities in inertial confinement fusion. Of particular interest is the atomization of fuels that enable shock-induced mixing of fuel and oxidizer in supersonic combustors. Due to low residence times and varying length scales, providing insight through physical experiments is both technically challenging and sometimes unfeasible. Numerical simulations can help provide detailed insight and aid in the engineering design of devices that can harness these physical phenomena. In this research, computational methods were developed to accurately simulate phase interfaces in compressible fluid flows with a focus on targeting primary atomization. Novel numerical methods which treat the phase interface as a discontinuity, and as a smeared region were developed using low-dissipation, high-order schemes. The resulting methods account for the effects of compressibility, surface tension and viscosity. To aid with the varying length scales and high-resolution requirements found in atomization applications, an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) framework is used to provide high-resolution only in regions of interest. The developed methods were verified with test cases involving strong shocks, high density ratios, surface tension effects and jumps in the equations of state, in one-, two- and three dimensions, obtaining good agreement with theoretical and experimental results. An application case of the primary atomization of a liquid jet injected into a Mach 2 supersonic crossflow of air is performed with the methods developed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Aerospace Engineering 2020

This master’s thesis deals with analytical and numerical description of surface gravity waves. Wave theories and their influence on water particle movement is described in the theoretical part of the thesis. Water particle moves in the same direction as wave propagation and this phenomenon is called Stokes drift. It has a significant influence on sediment transport and floating particle movement at water free surface. The experimental part consists of wave profile monitoring and water particle tracking in a wave flume with wave generator and beach model. The experimental results are compared with numerical simulation performed in the ANSYS Fluent software. Finally, the wave profiles obtained from simulation are compared with experimental wave profiles extracted by digital image processing.

<p>  </p> <p>A three-dimensional isothermal multiphase flow transient CFD model simulation of the comprehensive chemical processes, including desulfurization and reoxidation in a gas-stirred ladle during the secondary refinement process, has been investigated. The multiphase interactions and turbulence flow among steel, slag, and gas inside a ladle are simulated based VOF multiphase model and discrete model (DPM) in Fluent commercial software. A widely used theory describing the desulfurization and reoxidation processes, (Al2O3) -[O] equilibrium theory, is introduced into the model. The compositions of both steel and slag are monitored, and the mass fractions of each species in steel and slag are compared with the industrial data. There are two main stages for this study.</p> <p>In the first stage, the CFD model of an 80-ton ladle is developed to simulate both the flow field and reaction rates based on literature work. Then the predicated species contents are validated with industrial measurement, which proves the accuracy of the CFD model.</p> <p>The validated CFD model is applied to a Nucor Decatur two plugs bottom injection ladle in the second stage. There are two different plug separation angle scenarios: 90° and 180°, investigated in this part. Three argon gas flow rate combinations ((5/5 SCFM, 5/20 SCFM, and 20/20 SCFM) were employed. The slag eye size was validated with plant measurement. The results show that the desulfurization rate and reoxidation rate are promoted with a higher argon injection rate. When the argon injection rate is fixed, a larger separation angle improves the reaction rates.</p>

<p>Due to strong interactions among various phases and among the phases and fluid motions, multiphase flows (MPFs) are so complex that lots of efforts have to be paid to predict its sequential patterns of phases and motions. The present paper applies the physical constraints inherent in MPFs and enforces them to a physics-informed neural network (PINN) model either explicitly or implicitly, depending on the type of constraints. To predict the unobserved order parameters (OPs) (which locate the phases) in the future steps, the conditional neural processes (CNPs) with long short-term memory (LSTM, combined as CNPLSTM) are applied to quickly infer the dynamics of the phases after encoding only a few observations. After that, the multiphase consistent and conservative boundedness mapping (MCBOM) algorithm is implemented the correction the predicted OPs from CNP-LSTM so that the mass conservation, the summation of the volume fractions of the phases being unity, the consistency of reduction, and the boundedness of the OPs are strictly satisfied. Next, the density of the fluid mixture is computed from the corrected OPs. The observed velocity and density of the fluid mixture then encode in a physics-informed conditional neural processes and long short-term memory (PICNP-LSTM) where the constraint of momentum conservation is included in the loss function. Finally, the unobserved velocity in future steps is predicted from PICNP-LSTM. The proposed physics-informed neural processes (PINPs) model (CNP-LSTM-MCBOM-PICNP-LSTM) for MPFs avoids unphysical behaviors of the OPs, accelerates the convergence, and requires fewer data. The proposed model successfully predicts several canonical MPF problems, i.e., the horizontal shear layer (HSL) and dam break (DB) problems, and its performances are validated.</p>

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21723号 / 工博第4540号 / 新制||工||1708(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 中川 一, 准教授 竹林 洋史, 准教授 川池 健司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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This thesis reports on investigations carried out to study of the effect of horizontal wall jets on rough, fixed and mobile beds in open channel flow. Experimental tests were carried out, using fixed and mobile sediment beds. Computer simulation models for the flow within the jet and resulting sediment transport were developed and their results analysed in this study. In the experimental phase, tests were carried out with both fixed and mobile sediment beds. The shape of the water surface, numerous point velocity measurements and measurements of the evolving scour hole shape were made. Detailed descriptions of the turbulent flow field over a fixed rough bed and for scour holes at equilibrium were obtained for a range of initial jet conditions. Fully turbulent, multiphase flow was modelled using the Fluent Computational Fluid Dynamics software. This was used to analyze the flow caused by a jet in a rectangle open-channel with a rough bed, and also the flow pattern in a channel with a local scour hole. The volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase method and K- model was used to model the fluid flow in both cases. The model predictions of velocity and shear stress were compared against experimental observations. The experimental data was used to develop new empirical relationships to describe the pattern of boundary shear stress caused by a wall jet over fixed beds and in equilibrium scour holes. These relationships were linked with existing bed-load transport rate models in order to predict the temporal evolution of scour holes. An analytical model describing the relationship between the wall jet flow and the development of a local scour hole shape was reported and its predictions compared with experimental data.

Particulate emissions from road transportation are known to have an adverse impact on human health as well the environment. As the effects become more palpable, stricter legislation have been proposed by regulating bodies. This puts forward a challenge for the automotive industry to develop after treatment technologies to fulfil the progressively stricter legislation. At present, the most common after-treatment technologies used for particulates are the diesel and gasoline particulate filters. The typical size distribution of the particles is such that the smallest particles in terms of size are in numbers the largest, although they are not influencing the total particle mass significantly. The most recent legislation have included restrictions on the particle number as well as particle mass. In this thesis numerical tools for studying the transport and interaction of particles in an exhaust flow are evaluated. The specific application is particle agglomeration as a mean to reduce the number of particles and manipulate the size distribution. As particles agglomerate the particle number distribution is shifted and larger sized agglomerates of particles are created reducing the number of ultra-fine particles. The particle agglomeration is obtained by forcing sudden acceleration and deceleration of the host gas carrying the particles by variations in the cross sectional areas of the geometry it is passing through. Initially, a simplified one dimensional model is utilized to assess the governing parameters of particle grouping. Grouping here means that the particles form and are transported in groups, thus increasing the probability for agglomeration. The lessons learned from the 1D-model are also used to design the three dimensional geometry: an axisymmetric corrugated pipe. Two different geometries are studied, they both have the same main pipe diameter but different diameter on the corrugations. The purpose is to find the potential onset of flow instabilities and the influence of 3D-effects such as recirculation on the agglomeration. The CFD simulations are performed using DES methodology. First the simulations are run without particles in a non pulsatile flow scenario. Later particles are added to the setup in a one way coupled approach (no particle-particle interaction). The main results were: 1) An additional criterion for grouping to the ones given in previous work on the 1D model is proposed. It is found that grouping is more likely if the combination of the pulse frequency and geometric wavelength is large. Furthermore, smooth pulse forms (modelling the modulation in the flow due to the geometry) yielded more grouping than other more abrupt pulse shapes. However, idealised inlet pulses underestimate the extent of grouping compared to actual engine pulses. 2) For the geometry with larger maximum cross sectional area stronger flow separation was observed along with higher turbulent kinetic energy. 3) Particles were added in the flow field and a reduction in the particle count was observed in the initial simulations for particles going from the first corrugated segment to the last. Natural extensions of the present work would be to consider pulsatile flow scenarios, particle-particle interaction and a polydisperse setup for the particles / <p>QC 20181008</p>