Introduction: In elderly seniors (>80 years), respiratory function may be compromised when, in addition to the presence of comorbidity and loss of mobility, there is also reduced respiratory muscle (RM) strength. The literature has shown that RM training could be an effective method to improve RM function and prevent clinical deterioration, particularly in population with RM weakness.The main purpose of this paper was to assess the effectiveness of RM training on the respiratory muscle strength and endurance of institutionalized elderly women with functional impairment. Method: Fifty-four residents (mean=85 years, SD=6.7) were randomly assigned to either a control (n=27) or training (n=27) group. A supervised training program was developed with Threshold®IMT, five times per week for 6-weeks. The main variables of the intervention were: maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax), maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax) and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), all of which were measured at weeks 0, 4, 7 and 10. Results: Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in PImax (F3,114=1.04, p=0.368, R2=0.027), PEmax (F3,114=1.86, p=0.14, R2=0.047) and MVV (F3,114=1.74, p=0.162, R2=0.044) between the two groups after the intervention. However, the workload significantly improved with the training sessions (F5,100=72.031, p<0.001, R2=0.791). Conclusion: In a 6-week interval-based training program, the threshold loading device does not significantly improve parameters related to RM strength and endurance of the study population.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafaela Schmidt.pdf: 880257 bytes, checksum: f87b7bb81792a173904d6f621931b61a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction: nasal breathing is an essential function to assure a balanced growth and development of the orofacial muscles. Aim: to characterize the posture, tone and mobility of lips and tongue of mouth breathing children. Methods: the subjects of this study were 40 mouth breathing children, 26 boys and 14 girls. All subjects were submitted to an evaluation of posture, tone and mobility of the lips and tongue, using the MBGR protocol. Results: for the lips posture variable, it has been observed that: 32.5% of the subjects had a semi-open lip posture, 27.5% alternate between open and closed lips, 22.5% had an open lip posture and just 17.5% maintained their lips closed. With regards to the upper lip tone: 90% presented normal muscle tone, 10% lower tone, and no subjects presented a higher muscle tone. As for the tone of the lower lip 80.0% of the children presented lower muscle tone, and 20.0% normal muscle tone. For the lips mobility variable 47.5% of the group presented normal score values and 50.0% scored close to normality. Regarding tongue posture, 57.5% of the children had a low-lying resting tongue posture, 32.5% did not allow for observation of this variable, and in 10.0% of the subjects the tongue was placed in an interdental resting posture. As for tongue muscle tone 52.5% presented lowered tone, and 47.5% were considered normal. When assessing tongue mobility, 55.0% of the children obtained the best results and 45.0% had score values very close to the best. Conclusion: according to the results for the majority of the assessed mouth breathing children, the following characteristics were found regarding the lips: semi-opened posture, upper lip with normal tone, lower lip with lowered tonicity and normal mobility. The following results were found regarding the tongue: low-lying resting posture, with lowered muscle tone and normal mobility / Introdução: a respiração nasal é uma função essencial para o crescimento e desenvolvimento equilibrado da musculatura orofacial. Objetivo: caracterizar a postura, tônus e mobilidade de lábios e língua em crianças respiradoras orais. Método: participaram do estudo 40 crianças respiradoras orais, 26 do sexo masculino e 14 do feminino. Todos foram avaliados quanto à postura, o tônus e a mobilidade de lábios e língua, utilizando-se o protocolo MBGR. Resultados: para a variável postura de lábios encontrou-se: 32.5% de lábios entreabertos, 27,5% alternaram abertos e fechados, 22,5% apresentaram lábios abertos e apenas 17,5% com lábios fechados. Em relação ao tônus do lábio superior: 90% apresentaram tônus normal, 10% diminuído e nenhuma com tônus aumentado. No que se refere ao tônus de lábio inferior 80,0% das crianças apresentam tônus diminuído e 20,0% normal. No item mobilidade de lábios 47,5% do grupo apresentou valores de escores considerados normais e 50,0% valores próximos a normalidade. Em relação à postura de língua 57,5% das crianças permanecia com a língua no assoalho, 32,5% não foi possível observar e em 10,0% a língua estava em posição interdental. Quanto ao tônus de língua 52,5% apresentaram tônus diminuído e 47,5% normal. Na avaliação de mobilidade de língua 55,0% das crianças tiveram o melhor resultado e 45,0% obtiveram valores de escores bem próximos ao melhor. Conclusão: de acordo com resultados para a maioria do grupo de crianças respiradoras orais avaliadas foram encontradas as seguintes características em relação aos lábios: postura entreaberta, lábio superior com tônus normal, lábio inferior com tônus diminuído e mobilidade normal. Em relação à língua: a postura foi no assoalho, com tônus diminuído e mobilidade normal

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue relacionar la Satisfacción muscular y la Autoeficacia para controlar el peso en 153 usuarios de gimnasios en Lima. Empleándose el Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale (Cook, Sánchez, Guadalupe, Reyes y Huamán, 2016) y el Inventario de Autoeficacia Percibida para Controlar el Peso (Román, Díaz, Cárdenas y Zoraide, 2007), encontrándose correlaciones positivas: dependencia al ejercicio y comprobación con actividad física, dependencia al ejercicio y comprobación con estilos de alimentación y externalidad; consumo de sustancias y monitoreo con actividad física, consumo de sustancias y monitoreo con estilos de alimentación y externalidad; y satisfacción muscular correlacionó negativamente con estilos de alimentación y externalidad. Asimismo, se encontró diferencias significativas entre las horas dedicadas al ejercicio y a ver tv semanalmente. / The aim of the present research was to relate Muscle satisfaction and self-efficacy to weight control were related in 153 gym users in Lima. Using the Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale (Cook, Sánchez, Guadalupe, Reyes y Huamán, 2016) and the Perceived Self-Efficacy Inventory for Weight Control (Román, Díaz, Cárdenas y Zoraide, 2007), positive correlations were found: dependence on exercise and verification with physical activity, dependence on exercise and verification with eating styles and externality, substance use and monitoring with physical activity, substance use and monitoring with eating styles and externality; muscle satisfaction had a negative correlation with eating styles and externality. Furthermore, significant differences were found between the hours spent exercising and watching TV weekly. / Tesis