by Chan Ngar Lei Annie. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaves 90-102. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Economic and Biotechnological Significance of Lentinus edodes --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- General Review --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Nutritional and Medicinal Values --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Lignocellulose Degradation and Utilization --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Biological Background --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Life Cycle --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Patterns of Sexuality --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Genetic Improvement of Lentinus edodes --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Mutagenic Agents --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Genetic Markers and Strain Improvement --- p.20 / Chapter 3. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1 --- Biological Materials --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2 --- Media --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Complete Medium (CM) --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Complete Medium with Yeast Extract (CM with Y.E.) --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Complete Fruiting Medium (CF) --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Complete Migration Medium (CMM) --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Minimal Medium (MM) --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Carboxymethyl Cellulose - Leatham Medium (CMC - Leatham) --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) --- p.26 / Chapter 3.3 --- Anti-metabolites for Screening of Resistant Mutants --- p.27 / Chapter 3.4 --- Characterization of Monokaryons --- p.28 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Isolation of Monosporous Mycelia --- p.28 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Assessment of Mycelial Growth --- p.28 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Determination of Mating Type of Monosporous Mycelia --- p.28 / Chapter 3.5 --- Mutagenesis and Isolation of Mutants --- p.29 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Effects of Homogenization on Growth --- p.29 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Determination of the Ultraviolet Irradiation Killing Curve --- p.29 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Isolation of High Temperature Tolerant Strains --- p.30 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Isolation of Auxotrophic Mutants --- p.30 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Isolation of Anti-metabolite Resistant Mutants --- p.33 / Chapter 3.6 --- Characterization of Anti-metabolite Resistant Mutants --- p.33 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- "Measurements of Growth Rate, Anti-metabolites Resistance and Osmotic Sensitivity" --- p.33 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Determination of Dominance Relationships --- p.34 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Detection of Extracellular Enzymes --- p.34 / Chapter 4. --- RESULTS --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1 --- Radial Growth Rate of Monosporous Cultures --- p.36 / Chapter 4.2 --- Mating Reactions in Lentinus edodes --- p.36 / Chapter 4.3 --- Effects of Homogenization on Growth of L. edodes --- p.46 / Chapter 4.4 --- Determination of Ultraviolet (UV) Killing Curve --- p.46 / Chapter 4.5 --- Selection of High Temperature Tolerant Strains --- p.50 / Chapter 4.6 --- Auxotrophic Mutants Isolation and Identification --- p.50 / Chapter 4.7 --- Selection of Anti-metabolite Resistant Mutants --- p.52 / Chapter 4.8 --- Characterization of Cycloheximide Resistant Mutants V --- p.63 / Chapter 4.8.1 --- "Growth Rate, Anti-metabolite Resistance and Osmotic Sensitivity of Cycloheximide Resistant Mutants" --- p.63 / Chapter 4.8.2 --- Dominance Tests for Cycloheximide Resistant Strains --- p.66 / Chapter 4.8.3 --- Detection of Extracellular Enzymes --- p.73 / Chapter 5. --- DISCUSSION --- p.78 / Chapter 5.1 --- Mating Reactions in Lentinus edodes --- p.78 / Chapter 5.2 --- Isolation of Auxotrophic and Anti-metabolites Resistant Mutants --- p.81 / Chapter 5.3 --- Characterization of Cycloheximide Resistant Mutants of Lentinus edodes --- p.84 / CONCLUSION --- p.88 / REFERENCES --- p.90

Hoi-shan Kwan. / Thesis (M. Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 104-115.

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Orientador: Carminda da Cruz Landim / Banca: Foued Salmen Espindola / Banca: Mario Sergio Palma / Banca: Klaus Hartmann Hartfelder / Banca: Maria Claudia Colla Ruvolo Takasusuki / Resumo: Apis mellifera é um organismo de grande interesse para estudos neurobiológicos, pois além de apresentar um cérebro estruturalmente simples, se comparado ao dos vertebrados, apresenta características próprias relacionadas ao comportamento social, com capacidade de memória e aprendizagem. As colônias destas abelhas são constituídas por machos e fêmeas, as fêmeas dividindo-se em duas castas, operárias e rainhas. Sabendo-se que as castas e os machos de A. mellifera apresentam morfologia, fisiologia e padrões comportamentais bastante distintos que, por sua vez, estão, em boa parte representados no polimorfismo cerebral, o presente trabalho visou desvendar como essas diferenças se estabelecem a partir do cérebro larval, basicamente igual para todos. Sendo A. mellifera uma espécie holometábola a transformação das estruturas larvais para as dos adultos ocorre durante a metamorfose, ou seja, durante a pupação. Para melhor compreensão, o estudo iniciou-se com a caracterização das diferenças morfológicas entre os cérebros de operárias, rainhas e machos recém emergidos. A partir da verificação de quais eram as estruturas que mais se diferenciavam entre as classes de indivíduos que compõem a colônia, foram escolhidas para ter sua diferenciação acompanhada os corpos pedunculados, os lobos ópticos e a "pars intercerebralis" no protocérebero e os lobos antenais no deutocérebro. Dessas estruturas foi feito um estudo comparativo entre operárias, rainhas e zangões usando preparações para microscopia de luz, mensurações da área ocupada por alguns de seus componentes, estudos estruturais de outros, bem como uma estimativa das taxas de multiplicação, e mortes celulares com técnicas citoquímicas e imunocitoquímicas. Esses estudos foram iniciados com larvas no último estágio larval... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Apis mellifera is an interesting model to neurobiological studies due to the simplicity of its brain commanding the complex behaviors demanded by the eusocial relationships and its capacity of learning and memorizing. The colonies of this bee consist of males and females. The females are differentiated in two castes: workers and queens. The castes and males from A. mellifera have distinct morphology, physiology and behavior correlated with their functions in the society and represented by some brain polymorphism. In this context the aim of the present study was clear up how the adult brain differences are established parting from the larval brain basicalIy equal to alI kinds of individuaIs. A. melliftra is a holometabolous insect and therefore, the change of the larval structures to the adult ones occurs during pupation or metamorphosis. In order to have a better vision of the differences found among the adult brains. was done a comparative morphological study of the brain from newly emerged workers, queens and males. The results showed that the brain structures more distinct among the individual classes were the mushroom bodies, optic lobes and "pars intercerebralis" from the protocerebrum and the antennal lobes from the deutocerebrum. Those were choose for have their differentiation accompanied during metamorphosis. Comparative studies of the structures among workers, queens and males were done using light and electronic microscopy, measuring the areas occupied from some of their components and estimative of the rates of mitosis and cell death using cytochemical and immuno-histochemical techniques. These studies started in the last larval instar and continued in pre-pupae, white, pink, brown, and black eyed pupae until black body pupae. Besides a search for differential protein expression among the individual classes whole brain was done... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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The mushroom industry in British Columbia markets and distributes through a central selling agency under the trademark Money's Mushrooms. This member owned agency also exercises control, through production area quotas, on member production. This study analyses the market behavior of the B.C. mushroom industry¹, in order to ascertain whether producers collectively exercise monopoly control over the industry. The main structural components of the industry are described in a mathematical model using a partial equilibrium analysis. The parameters which affect demand are estimated with econometric equations. Supply is formulated by minimizing a cost function subject to a Constant Elasticity of Substitution Production Fuction. A major feature in supply is the joint-product relationship between mushrooms which are sold fresh and mushrooms which are sold processed. Policy implications arising from the structure of the industry and its observed behavior in the market are then analysed. The econometric analysis indicates that the demand for fresh mushrooms in B.C. over the period 1982 to 1986 was influenced by own price, advertising and the price of a complement, beef. The ability of the association to set prices in the fresh market is confirmed by the results. In the processed market, it was found ¹In this study, mushroom refers to the commercially marketed variety "Agaricus Bisporus". that imported processed mushrooms are very close substitutes for domestic processed mushrooms. The factors which influence processed mushroom demand are consumer income, and price of imported processed mushrooms. A mathematical model of the industry is formulated with two opposing models of market behavior -perfect competition, and monopoly power. The model generated results are then compared to actual market data. The results support a model of competitive market behavior in the B.C. mushroom industry. That is, producers do not collectively, through the marketing association, set prices above competitive levels. In addition, the analysis indicates that the production quota is not a binding input on production. Therefore, given the existing production technology, no societal welfare gains can be realized by increasing the total allocation of quota in the B.C. mushroom industry. It is concluded that the centralized marketing of mushrooms in B.C. provides benefits to producers through scale economies in inputs and in marketing/distribution. However, the limited powers that the association has available to enforce cooperation amongst members has recently placed the association in financial difficulties. Specifically, the low prices (relative to cost of production) for processed mushrooms in 1986 has recently resulted in several growers opting out of the association in favour of forming their own marketing agency. There was also a significant increase in volume of illegal sales in 1986. The reduced volume of patronage, illegal sales, and competitive pressure from the newly formed marketing agency has resulted in lower prices for members of the association. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

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