Text in Afrikaans / Binne die bestek van ses jaar, het drie Klasmusieksillabusse vir die sekondere skool, te wete die van Kaapland (1986), Transvaal (1991) en Skotland (1992) verskyn. Elk van hulle toon 'n unieke karakter ten opsigte van doelstellings, leerinhoud, ensovoorts. Dit het die vraag laat ontstaan watter van die sillabusse binne die raamwerk van wetenskaplik geselekteerde kriteria ontwikkel is en of hulle gevolglik wel didakties-pedagogies verantwoordbaar is. Die drie Klasmusieksillabusse is teen 'n agtergrondstudie van Klasmusiek in didakties-pedagogiese asook leerpsigologiese verband geanaliseer aan die hand van die didaktiese vereistes waaraan 'n vakkurrikulum behoort te voldoen. Die aanbevelings wat gemaak is, wil verseker dat 'n sillabus tot stand kom wat aan die wetenskaplike vereistes van kurrikulering voldoen, waarvan die doelstell ings deur die onderwyser verwerklik kan word en wat die leerder tot optimale leer kan voer. / In the scope of six years, three Class Music syllabi appeared, namely that of the Cape Province (1986), Transvaal (1991) and Scotland (1992). Each of these syllabi have a unique character with regard to aims, learning content, etc. This gave rise to the question whether these syllabi were developed within the framework of scientific selected criteria and whether they can be didactic-pedagogically accounted for. These Class Music syllabi were analysed against a background study of Class Music in didactic-pedagogical and learning pshycological perspective as well as the didactical requirements with which a subject curriculum should comply. The recommendations were aimed to ensure a curriculum document which complies with the scientific requirements of curriculum theory, which is attainable for the teachers and which takes the expectations of the learners into account. / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M. Ed. (Didactics)

The intent of this dissertation is to investigate Michael Tippett's eclectic approach to the sonata form in the twentieth century as demonstrated in his Sonata No. 1. Topics of discussion include historical background of English music, particularly the English piano sonata, at the turn of the century (chapter 1), biographical information and a general overview of Tippett's music (chapter 2), a brief examination of Tippett's Sonata Nos. 2, 3, and 4 (chapter 3) and a formal analysis of Sonata No. 1 as well as Tippett's approach to contrapuntal techniques, rhythm, harmony and tonality (chapter 4).

abstract: Historically, music and the experiences of deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) individuals have been intertwined in one manner or another. However, music has never ignited as much hope for the “improvement” of the Deaf experience as during the American oralist movement (ca. 1880-1960) which prioritized lip-reading and speaking over the use of sign language. While it is acknowledged that the oralist movement failed to provide the best possible education to many American DHH students and devastated many within the Deaf community, music scholars have continued to cite publications by oralist educators as rationales for the continued development of music programs for DHH students. This document is an attempt to reframe the role of music during the American oralist movement with a historical account of ways music was recruited as a tool for teaching vocal articulation at schools for the deaf from 1900 to 1960. During this time period, music was recruited simply as a utility to overcome disability and as an aid for assimilating into the hearing world rather than as the rich experiential phenomenon it could have been for the DHH community. My goal is to add this important caveat to the received history of early institutional music education for DHH students. Primary sources include articles published between 1900 and 1956 in The Volta Review, a journal founded by the oralist leader Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922). / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Music 2017

abstract: Tres Tangos para Duo de Contrabajos (Three Tangos for Double Bass Duet) is a three-movement set written by Andrés Martín and commissioned by Darren Cueva specifically for this document and accompanying performance project. This piece blends tango with Western art music in a style often referred to as “nuevo tango” (new tango) which was popularized by Astor Piazzolla. This research paper will serve as a performance aid for those wishing to present tango idioms on the double bass in addition to a more detailed guide to performing Tres Tangos by Martín. To give context to performers, this survey begins with a brief history of the tango and the life and stylistic developments of Astor Piazzolla. Various music and dance styles that contributed to early tango include, milonga, habanera, and tango andalúz. The resulting tango was popularized as a music and dance style in the early twentieth century. Astor Piazzolla brought the tango to the concert hall after studying composition with acclaimed professor Nadia Boulanger. His new tango style merged traditional tango, classical composition, and jazz music, which he was exposed to after his family moved from Argentina to New York. Tres Tangos was modeled after the style of Piazzolla. Characteristic articulation and improvised techniques are a fundamental aspect of the tango sound; a successful performance will depend on the musician’s ability to create these sounds. A detailed description of the most common elements is provided as well as suggestions for creating them on the double bass. Finally, I have compiled a specific performance guide for Tres Tangos. This guide includes rhythmic, articulation, fingering, and notational considerations, to assist in the performance of this piece. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Music 2018

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:56:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cupani_a_me_ia.pdf: 1103929 bytes, checksum: 8194be5401b1922afca34f079edc6720 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O termo obra musical tem sido empregado genericamente a todo tipo de música, sem atentar às possíveis diferenças conceituais no amplo espectro da tradição erudita ocidental, notadamente no século XX. As novas tendências e desdobramentos musicais desse século questionaram o próprio conceito de música, e por extensão, o de obra musical tal qual concebido até então: um produto acabado, autônomo, executado em salas de concerto, condicionado a uma partitura que detalha comprecisão as intenções do compositor. Algumas tendências colocaram em xeque a tradição musical com criações que desafiam esse conceito (a música eletrônica ou a aleatória, por exemplo). Com isso, parece existir uma discrepância entre o que se apresenta como música e a forma como se recebe essa música, enquadrando-a inadequadamente no conceito de obra musical. Como atesta o título, esta pesquisa analisa o conceito de obra musical, acreditando que o mesmo é fundamental para uma compreensão mais adequada da música. Para tanto, procuramos estudar a discussão teórica a respeito, bem como traçar o desenvolvimento histórico desse conceito (sobretudo no século XIX), e observar a sua validade na contemporaneidade, contrapondo-o a alguns exemplos musicais. / The expression musical work has been attributed generically to all kinds of music without taking account of possible differences in the broad range of western classical tradition, noticeaby in the 20th century. New musical trends and musical developments during that century questioned the very concept of music including the concept of the musical work as it had been understood until then: a finished autonomous product played in concert halls, subject to a score where the intentions of the composer are precisely detailed. Some trends went against the musical tradition with creations thet challenge this concept (eletronic music or aleatory music, for instance). Thus there seems to be a discrepancy between what is presented as music and the way in which this music is received, classifying it inadaquately as musical work. As the title indicates, this research analyzes the concept of musical work, in the belief that this concept is fundamental for a deeper understanding of music. To this end, we have sought the relevant theoretical arguments, al well as to trace he historical development of this concept (principally in the 19th century), and to observe how valid it is today, comparing it with some musical examples.

Orientador: Lia Vera Tomás / Banca: Vladimir Pinheiro Safatle / Banca: Paulo de Tarso Salles / Resumo: O termo obra musical tem sido empregado genericamente a todo tipo de música, sem atentar às possíveis diferenças conceituais no amplo espectro da tradição erudita ocidental, notadamente no século XX. As novas tendências e desdobramentos musicais desse século questionaram o próprio conceito de música, e por extensão, o de obra musical tal qual concebido até então: um produto acabado, autônomo, executado em salas de concerto, condicionado a uma partitura que detalha comprecisão as intenções do compositor. Algumas tendências colocaram em xeque a tradição musical com criações que desafiam esse conceito (a música eletrônica ou a aleatória, por exemplo). Com isso, parece existir uma discrepância entre o que se apresenta como música e a forma como se recebe essa música, enquadrando-a inadequadamente no conceito de obra musical. Como atesta o título, esta pesquisa analisa o conceito de obra musical, acreditando que o mesmo é fundamental para uma compreensão mais adequada da música. Para tanto, procuramos estudar a discussão teórica a respeito, bem como traçar o desenvolvimento histórico desse conceito (sobretudo no século XIX), e observar a sua validade na contemporaneidade, contrapondo-o a alguns exemplos musicais. / Abstract: The expression musical work has been attributed generically to all kinds of music without taking account of possible differences in the broad range of western classical tradition, noticeaby in the 20th century. New musical trends and musical developments during that century questioned the very concept of music including the concept of the musical work as it had been understood until then: a finished autonomous product played in concert halls, subject to a score where the intentions of the composer are precisely detailed. Some trends went against the musical tradition with creations thet challenge this concept (eletronic music or aleatory music, for instance). Thus there seems to be a discrepancy between what is presented as music and the way in which this music is received, classifying it inadaquately as musical work. As the title indicates, this research analyzes the concept of musical work, in the belief that this concept is fundamental for a deeper understanding of music. To this end, we have sought the relevant theoretical arguments, al well as to trace he historical development of this concept (principally in the 19th century), and to observe how valid it is today, comparing it with some musical examples. / Mestre

Neste trabalho investigaram-se os usos que um grupo de atores sociais ligados à música clássica fizeram do disco, do rádio e da história da música como instrumentos de educação e divulgação musicais. A investigação se concentrou no arco temporal compreendido entre os anos de 1922 a 1945. Como preocupação metodológica procurou-se levar em conta a rica semântica do termo \"história da música\", conceito investigado por meio dos periódicos consultados. Privilegiou-se uma orientação interdisciplinar para o tratamento das questões levantadas. Utilizou-se como fontes primárias um conjunto de periódicos brasileiros especializados em música, além de cartas, documentos oficiais, entrevistas, depoimentos e materiais impressos de apoio a programas de rádio. Como fontes bibliográficas destacaram-se obras de história cultural, musicologia e etnomusicologia. Como resultado da investigação, constatou-se a centralidade dos novos meios tecnológicos (disco e rádio) na pauta das discussões dos especialistas musicais. Verificou-se a importância da questão pedagógica e da divulgação em inúmeras iniciativas desses atores sociais, bem como uma produção significativa de trabalhos de história da música com objetivo de \"vulgarização\". O levantamento permitiu identificar também certo caráter autoritário nas ações dos promotores da música de concertos, comportamento caracterizado pela desconfiança e até certo desprezo pelas práticas musicais dos indivíduos visados por tais iniciativas. Perceberam-se também algumas mudanças no horizonte de escrita da história da música, em favor de uma orientação científica e de maior especialização para o pesquisador musical. / This study investigates the uses, made by a group of social actors related to classical music, of the records, radio and music history as instruments of music education and popularization. The investigation is focused on the time period from 1922 to 1945. As a methodological concern, we have taken into account the rich semantics of the expression \"music history\", a concept investigated by means of the periodicals consulted. An interdisciplinary orientation was favored for the treatments of the issues raised. The author used as primary sources an ensemble of Brazilian periodicals specializing in music, besides letters, official documents, interviews, testimonies and printed materials supporting radio programs. Bibliographical sources included particular works of cultural history, musicology and ethnomusicology. As a result of the investigation, the study evidenced the centrality of the new technological media (record and radio) in music specialists\' discussion agenda. It was demonstrated the importance of the pedagogical issue and of the broadcasting in numberless initiatives of those social actors, as well as a significant production of music history works with the purpose of \"vulgarization\". The research allowed us to identify also some authoritarian features in the actions of promoters of concert music, a behavior characterized by the mistrust and even certain contempt for the musical practices of the individuals targeted by such initiatives. It was possible to notice also some changes in the horizon of the writing of music history, in favor of a scientific approach and a greater specialization for music researchers.

All of Mahler's works may be divided into four distinct chronological groups, referred to as "symphonic cycles." Motives and themes from the songs within each symphonic cycle were quoted in symphonies in the same cycle. This system of self reference was unique to Mahler, although earlier composers such as Schubert and Wagner set precedents for some of the techniques used by Mahler. The quotations in the early periods appeared only on the surface and did not blend well with their surroundings, but as time progressed Mahler developed the ability to combine the seemingly incompatible elements more smoothly. Mahler's early fascination with distant sounds was also a factor in his use of quotations. The appendix contains a catalog of 100 quotations.

Typescript (photocopy). / Contents: Sonata in E Major, Op. 109 / Ludwig van Beethoven (Audio file 1); Variationen für Klavier, op. 27 / Anton Webern (Audio file 2); Années de pèlerinage, 2me année : Italie / Franz Liszt (Audio file 3); Improvisations, Op. 20 / Béla Bartók (Audio file 4)

This study sets out to examine the ornamentation in the manu¬script GB-Cfm 32.G.29 (known as the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book) as representative of late sixteenth-century practice. The sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century ornamentation as practised on the Continent is also investigated, in order to elucidate the contemporary English practice, to evaluate it and place it in perspective. This period's concept of ornamentation is an ars diminutionis. The diminution technique (the breaking up of long note values into smaller ones) is expressed as passaggi (figurations) and ornaments, in order to provide a more elegant expression of the basic notes of a composition. Continental treatises describe the individual ornaments and thus provide a terminology with which to describe these ornaments. The ars diminutionis manifests itself in the FVB as written-out figuration, written-out ornaments and ornaments indicated by sign, the latter consisting of the single and double stroke which are peculiar to virginal music. No explanation for the Virginalists' signs exists, nor are contemporary English instruction books concerning themselves with keyboard ornamentation available. A comparison of the ornamentation of the manuscript with the printed edition of the FVB (1979-80), reveals many inaccuracies in the latter. These consist mainly of printer's errors, such as wrong placements and frequency of occurrence, which do not correlate with the original, and stenographic cancellation signs which are wrongly interpreted as ornaments. All of these are corrected in the present study. A collation of other source copies with the same pieces found in the FVB reveals many textual and ornamentation variants between them. Examining the written-out ornaments in the FVB, one finds that they are identical to the ornaments found in Continental sources. These ornaments are primarily employed as decoration of the individual closes in a cadence, where they occur as diminutions of the notes constituting the cadence. Here they are employed functionally, for example, to resolve the note of resolution in a discant close ornamentally, or to embellish the plain notes of a bass close. They are also used as virtuoso decoration as an intrinsic part of the passaggi, being diminutions of successive intervals. The single- and double-stroke ornament signs appear at first glance to be indiscriminately scattered over the music without purpose. Research into their use reveals them to be employed systematically, besides being decorative elements which add brilliance to the music. The frequency with which they coincide with the pulse unit and the rhythmic pulsation created by it, together with the profusion of their occurrence, make these signs a unique phenomenon in late sixteenth-century ornamentation. Their interpretation remains a difficult issue to clarify. The evidence assembled in this study points to a classification of the strokes according to the accenti e trilli principle. The single stroke can then be interpreted as a slide (from a third below the main note), and the double stroke as a tremolo or tremoletto - the most common sixteenth-century ornament. Its mirror-image, the mordent, is occasionally more appropriate in certain contexts, and in cadences the double stroke followed by a two-note suffix most likely signifies a groppo. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Music / unrestricted