Thirty-seven volunteers participated in a study examining the effects of sedative music on test anxiety in college students. The experimental group used sedative music with progressive muscle relaxation and a suggestion of imagery before the scheduled hour of a final examination. The control group had self selected relaxation with no music. Baseline measurements were taken in blood pressure and pulse rates. These measurements were repeated and an anxiety inventory was administered before and after treatment. Results indicated no significant differences between the two groups in the physiological measurements. Verbal report from the anxiety inventory gave significant results at the .05 level.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of rhythmic auditory cueing on Bilateral Arm Training on movement accuracy and speed for survivors of stroke. Three participants underwent a six-week home training of drum playing in repetitive reaching movements, practicing for three hours a week. They were randomly assigned to the treatment group (Bilateral Arm Training with Rhythmic Auditory Cueing; n = 2) and control group (Bilateral Arm Training only; n= 1). Assessments of the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), tempo velocity, and spatial accuracy were performed at pre-, mid-, and post-training. All participants showed decreases in task performance times on the WMFT and improvements on the Functional Ability Scale, along with increased spatial accuracy. The treatment group maintained tempo velocity throughout the training but the non-cued participant moved slower at post- than at pre- and mid-assessment. Qualitative observations showed that the auditory-cued participants improved in movement quality through increased spatial alignment of the trunk and extension of the paretic arm, whereas the non-cued participant did not. Recommendations for future study as well as for designing home-training programs are given.

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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Diploma in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1994. / This study proposes to evaluate the combined effects of music therapy and chiropractic treatment in the management of muscle tension headaches, in terms of the patients' response, in order to establish the efficacy of music therapy as an adjunct to chiropractic management of muscle tension headaches. It was hypothesized that music therapy and chiropractic treatment combined have a more beneficial effect, in that it would reduce muscle tension headaches to a greater extent than chiropractic treatment alone, thus reducing the severity, duration and frequency of muscle tension headaches. The diagnostic criteria for muscle tension headache were consistent amongst the majority of authors. The most common cause was attributed to psychological or occupational stress on the posterior neck musculature i .e. an increase in muscle tension. An increase in muscle tension in muscle tension headache sufferers measured with an electromyogram was reported on by various authors. A decrease in electromyogram readings in response to music therapy has also been measured. Certain authors have attributed muscle tension headaches to cervical facet joint dysfunction. The presence of myofascial trigger points occurring concurrently with a muscle tension headache was mentioned. The majority of authors were in agreement as to the most beneficial type of music to be used. The music is to have a / M

Guided Imagery and Music(GIM) is a method of psychotherapy using specifically prepared programs of classical music to facilitate altered states of consciousness and imagery. Whilst researchers and clinicians agree that music in GIM acts as a catalyst to the imagery response, little is known about the temporal effects of entire GIM programs. This study explores the premise that a continuous assessment of autonomic arousal may increase an understanding of time-varying relationships between the musical structure of GIM programs and the listener's imagery. In the final conclusion the author postulates that, although specific attributes of music may underpin specific imagery responses, it is the unique temporal structure of the entire GIM program that facilitates the continuous flow of the imagery. Recommendations are made for future research into the continuous response to music and imagery. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Guided Imagery and Music(GIM) is a method of psychotherapy using specifically prepared programs of classical music to facilitate altered states of consciousness and imagery. Whilst researchers and clinicians agree that music in GIM acts as a catalyst to the imagery response, little is known about the temporal effects of entire GIM programs. This study explores the premise that a continuous assessment of autonomic arousal may increase an understanding of time-varying relationships between the musical structure of GIM programs and the listener's imagery. In the final conclusion the author postulates that, although specific attributes of music may underpin specific imagery responses, it is the unique temporal structure of the entire GIM program that facilitates the continuous flow of the imagery. Recommendations are made for future research into the continuous response to music and imagery. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Guided Imagery and Music(GIM) is a method of psychotherapy using specifically prepared programs of classical music to facilitate altered states of consciousness and imagery. Whilst researchers and clinicians agree that music in GIM acts as a catalyst to the imagery response, little is known about the temporal effects of entire GIM programs. This study explores the premise that a continuous assessment of autonomic arousal may increase an understanding of time-varying relationships between the musical structure of GIM programs and the listener's imagery. In the final conclusion the author postulates that, although specific attributes of music may underpin specific imagery responses, it is the unique temporal structure of the entire GIM program that facilitates the continuous flow of the imagery. Recommendations are made for future research into the continuous response to music and imagery. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1984. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves [63]-65.

Women at the completion of treatment for breast cancer experience relief along with continued physical and psychological distress. This study explored the effectiveness of two forms of a Relaxation Intervention in providing psychosocial support to women at the completion of treatment for breast cancer. The two conditions included (1) Music-Assisted Relaxation (MAR), in which contemporary, sedative music was paired with standard, spoken relaxation directives, and (2) Relaxation Alone (RA), in which only spoken relaxation directives were used. Individual sessions were held once each week for four weeks. This study included a mixed method design. Quantitative measures included The Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale, The Profile of Mood States - Short Form, and The Benefit Finding Scale, a measure of psychological growth. Qualitative measures included Participant Diaries and a Semi-Structured Interview. A total of 20 women participated in this study, with 10 women in each of the two intervention conditions. Results revealed a statistically significant reduction in Depression for all participants over the course of the intervention. In addition, participants receiving MAR showed a statistically significantly greater improvement in Positive Affect during Week Three of the intervention when compared with participants receiving RA. Review of effect size calculations indicated that MAR had a stronger influence on Total Distress, Positive Affect, and Negative Affect than RA. Results from the qualitative analyses supported the quantitative findings, showing that the both forms of the Relaxation Intervention promoted reductions in Depression, seen in improved energy levels and better sleep. The Relaxation Intervention also led to improvements in Positive Affect, seen in greater focus of attention and elicitation of positive images and memories, especially for those participants in the MAR condition. In summary, the Relaxation Intervention used in this study was effective in reducing Depression among all participants. During specific weeks, all participants reported a decrease in Total Distress and Negative Affect and an increase in Positive Affect. MAR enhanced the effectiveness of the intervention, primarily through the promotion of positive mood states.

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