O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi demonstrar a importância da música para a construção do conhecimento histórico de alunos e professores. A consciência histórica mediada pela linguagem musical revela uma forte carga afetiva, pois faz parte de uma memória pessoal e modelo de referência para a apreensão e assimilação das novas audições, similares ou não as anteriores, revelando assim o que podemos chamar de consciência musical dos sujeitos envolvidos. A importância da música em sala de aula encontra-se principalmente relacionada à própria natureza da linguagem musical, pois só pode ser percebida única e exclusivamente em e mediante o tempo, alimentando-se de uma memória afetiva que se transforma em uma consciência musical no presente, facilitando as narrativas, reflexões, práticas ou interpretações históricas dos alunos e da professora. / The main objective of this research was to demonstrate the importance of music to building historical knowledge in students and teachers. The historical awareness mediated by musical language reveals a strong affective load, because it is part of a personal memory and a reference to the apprehension and assimilation of new listening, similar or not to the ones mentioned before, revealing what we can call musical awareness of the involved subjects. The importance of music in class is mainly related to the nature of the musical language itself, as this can only be noticed in and through time, feeding itself from an affective memory that transforms itself in a musical awareness in the present, facilitating the narratives, reflexions, practices or historical interpretations of the students and the teacher.

O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi demonstrar a importância da música para a construção do conhecimento histórico de alunos e professores. A consciência histórica mediada pela linguagem musical revela uma forte carga afetiva, pois faz parte de uma memória pessoal e modelo de referência para a apreensão e assimilação das novas audições, similares ou não as anteriores, revelando assim o que podemos chamar de consciência musical dos sujeitos envolvidos. A importância da música em sala de aula encontra-se principalmente relacionada à própria natureza da linguagem musical, pois só pode ser percebida única e exclusivamente em e mediante o tempo, alimentando-se de uma memória afetiva que se transforma em uma consciência musical no presente, facilitando as narrativas, reflexões, práticas ou interpretações históricas dos alunos e da professora. / The main objective of this research was to demonstrate the importance of music to building historical knowledge in students and teachers. The historical awareness mediated by musical language reveals a strong affective load, because it is part of a personal memory and a reference to the apprehension and assimilation of new listening, similar or not to the ones mentioned before, revealing what we can call musical awareness of the involved subjects. The importance of music in class is mainly related to the nature of the musical language itself, as this can only be noticed in and through time, feeding itself from an affective memory that transforms itself in a musical awareness in the present, facilitating the narratives, reflexions, practices or historical interpretations of the students and the teacher.

Cette thèse propose une réflexion sur le développement du sens musical de l’enfant tunisien de 6 à 13 ans dans le contexte musical particulier du XXIème siècle. La problématique de base est de savoir si la culture musicale tunisienne qui repose principalement sur une esthétique modale arabe favorise le développement d’un ensemble d’habitudes d’écoutes chez l’enfant tunisien en rapport avec le système modal arabe. Peut-on alors postuler l’existence d’un éventuel « sens modal » chez l’enfant tunisien qui se développe progressivement de 6 à 13 ans et qui favorise l’acquisition des éléments caractéristiques du système modal tels que les intervalles spécifiques à la gamme arabe, la hiérarchie modale et les formules-types spécifiques à un mode ? Dans son aspect théorique, cette étude qui revêt une dimension psychologique passe en revue l’ensemble de travaux en psychologie de la musique et en psychologie du développement musical qui se sont intéressés à l’étude de la perception musicale en général et à la perception de la tonalité en particulier. Dans son aspect pratique, elle reprend un principe d’expérience effectué par Le Professeur Imberty dans son étude de l‘acquisition des structures tonales chez l’enfant occidental. Cette expérience qui a été réadaptée au contexte de la musique modale repose sur l’idée de la succession de trois épreuves : une première épreuve de mémorisation immédiate, une deuxième épreuve d’achèvement mélodique et une troisième épreuve de production vocale. Mots clefs : Développement musical - sens musical- système modal arabe - enfant tunisien- mémorisation- achèvement mélodique – production vocale / The present thesis offers a reflection on the development of 6-to-13 year-old Tunisian children’s musical awareness in the musical context of the XXI century. The basic argument here is whether the Tunisian musical culture that resides primarily in Arabic modal aesthetical system promotes the development of some listening habits among Tunisian children. Also postulated is the development of a modal awareness among the of 6-to-13 years old Tunisian children which boosts the acquisition of particular features of the modal system such as the specific intervals in the range Arab modal scale, the modal hierarchy, and standard formulas specific to a given mode. In its theoretical aspect, this study holds a psychological dimension in its review of literature attendant to the disciplines of psychology of music and musical developmental psychology which are concerned with the study of musical perception in general and the perception of tone in particular. In its practical aspect, the study draws on experimental model advanced by Professor Imberty in his account of the acquisition of the tonal structure among the Western children. The experimental procedure here has been adapted to the context of modal music which is based on the idea of three successive testing episodes related to the working memory, melodic attainment, and melodic vocal production.Keywords: Musical development - musical awareness - Arabic modal system - Tunisian children - memory - melodic attainment - vocal production