Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:52:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5477035 bytes, checksum: fb9e7c74fc013396c072aff992c6e979 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Indian Carnival Tribe is the name of a cultural expression that traditionally participates into the city´s carnival of Joao Pessoa. Musical and danced staging of an Amerindian inspiriting ritual, represents a fight between Indians where the matança and the ressurreição are musically differentiated moments. This work studies, from an ethnomusicology perspective and so, focusing as much the artistic constitutive elements as the social, economic and politic context in which is inserted, the ways of its transmission. Thus, the main data collection tool is the participant observation achieved in the Mandacaru borough, where, currently, takes place the main group investigated, the Indian Carnival Tribe called Tupinambá. The present text is product of this ethnographic process as well as the result of a bibliographic research that follows two prevailing threads. One is the revision of the literature destined to Indian Carnival Tribes or Cabocolinhos,expression that shares characteristics and influences with the first one. The other is the looking for the concepts that provides the study theory basis brought, principally, from the area of ethnomusicology and music education. Providing a wider theoretical scheme for the analyses of music transmission in these contexts, Blacking, Nettl and Merriam supply the first theories. Some works of Brazilian researchers, as Margarete Arroyo and Luciana Prass, provided precious models of investigating in music transmission. The idea of participatory performance developed by Thomas Turino is the basis for the exam of how the elements that construct the artistic expression work as mechanisms of music transmission. The ideas of Shils and Hobsbawm about tradition and identity contribute to understand the signification that the play takes for their makers. Therefore, I aim to know how the very constitution of the activity, the participants way of life as well as the signification that this means to their makers, influence into the learning and the transmission processes of the same. / Denominam-se Tribo Indígena Carnavalesca uma das expressões culturais que desfilam tradicionalmente no carnaval da cidade de João Pessoa. Encenação dramática de um ritual de inspiração ameríndia, dançada e musicada, representa uma luta entre índios onde matança e ressurreição dão lugar a momentos musicais diferenciados. Este trabalho estuda, desde uma perspectiva etnomusicológica, e portanto, focada tanto nos elementos que constituem a manifestação artística quanto no contexto social, econômico e político em que está inserida, os modos de transmissão da mesma. Com este objetivo, o principal instrumento de coleta de dados é a observação participante realizada no bairro Mandacaru, onde hoje tem sede o grupo principal da pesquisa, a Tribo Indígena Carnavalesca Tupinambá. O texto presente é resultado deste processo etnográfico assim como de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que segue duas linhas predominantes. Uma é a revisão de literatura dedicada até a data às Tribos de Índio ou Cabocolinhos, manifestação com a que as primeiras compartilham traços e influências. A outra é a procura dos conceitos que fornecem a base teórica deste estudo, provenientes, na maioria dos casos, da área da etnomusicologia e da educação musical. Proporcionando o marco mais amplo de pensamento para a análise da transmissão da música nestes contextos, Blacking, Nettl e Merriam fornecem as primeiras teorias. Trabalhos de pesquisadoras brasileiras, como Margarete Arroyo e Luciana Prass, forneceram modelos valiosos de pesquisa sobre transmissão musical. A ideia de performance participativa de Thomas Turino é a base para o exame de como os elementos que constituem a manifestação funcionam como mecanismos de transmissão musical. As ideias de Shils e Hobsbawm sobre tradição e identidade irão contribuir para entender a significação que a brincadeira tem para seus realizadores. Deste modo, procuramos entender como a própria constituição desta, o modo de vida dos seus realizadores assim como a significação que a primeira tem para estes, influenciam na aprendizagem e na transmissão da mesma.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:52:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2666026 bytes, checksum: a41278a9e37d0b68a1f8efdca93ae5a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The civil music bands, generally, work as music formation centers. In this way, they attempt the local community desire to study music by the transmission of musical knowledge in this context. The ethnomusicology understands musical transmission as an important factor of musical phenomenon comprehension. The transmission way adopted in that society or community, make us understand its musical culture. Like that, we developed a research with the 12 de Dezembro civil music band of Cabedelo city in Paraíba state. The objective of this study was to understand the latent and explicit process interspersed in 12 de Dezembro civil music band transmission, putting in evidence the main learning and teaching strategies. We observed, systematically, the rehearsals, classes, shows and several 12 de Dezembro music band casual moments. The date collect consisted of interview, photographs, audio and video records. We verified learning and teaching process towards to instrumental practice, at this way, the 12 de Dezembro music band supply its empty instrumental places. In practice, the future instrumentalists will develop their initial learning by the help and mutual changes between the 12 de Dezembro music band members. The repetition, experimentation and imitation are the base of all process. / As bandas de música civis no Brasil, em geral, funcionam como centros de formação musical, que atendem, sobretudo, a comunidade local, possibilitando a transmissão de saberes musicais necessários para a prática da música nesse contexto. A etnomusicologia tem concebido a transmissão como fator determinante para a compreensão do fenômeno musical, tendo em vista que as formas que uma sociedade adota para transmitir sua música são fundamentais para o entendimento daquela cultura musical. Considerando a realidade das bandas de música, este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada junto à Banda 12 de Dezembro do município de Cabedelo-PB. O estudo teve como objetivo compreender os processos explícitos e latentes que permeiam a transmissão musical na Banda 12 de Dezembro, evidenciando as principais estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem utilizadas. Procurei observar sistematicamente os ensaios, aulas, apresentações e diversos momentos informais de convivência social proporcionados pela banda. A coleta dos dados foi também estruturada por entrevistas, fotografias e gravações em áudio e vídeo. Pela necessidade de adquirir novos músicos para suprir seus quadros, a Banda 12 de Dezembro desenvolve suas atividades de ensino e aprendizagem direcionadas para a prática instrumental. Quando estão dominando razoavelmente a leitura e o instrumento, os alunos são encaminhados a participar dos ensaios e das apresentações da banda, situações onde se desdobrará seu processo de aprendizagem. Aprendizagem que se consolida a partir de aspectos diversificados, alicerçados, sobretudo, nos processos de imitação, repetição e experimentação.

Since the first Scottish Gaelic-speaking settlers arrived in Nova Scotia in the late 18th century, their Gaelic singing tradition has been an integral part of life in communities on Cape Breton Island. With the waning of the Gaelic language, however, came efforts to collect and preserve the song tradition, and the intention to pass it along intact. This dissertation eschews the consideration of Gaelic singing as a monolithic tradition with a common repertoire and experience, and instead examines it as a multifaceted process enacted by individuals in three main sites: home, public performance and the archive. It examines the various ways the practice manifests itself, concluding that memory and individual agency are constants, both for singers and listeners. Through interviews, participant-observer activity and archival research, this study demonstrates that Gaelic singers have been far from passive culture-bearers but have instead actively shaped their song practice by choosing repertoire, melody variants and texts. It also discusses the dynamic role of memory and social interaction in the transmission and performance of Gaelic song. Memories of other singers, discussion of the text, and contextual details draw singers and listeners into a community that is both synchronic and diachronic. This practice is chiefly oral, but is supported by recordings and printed songbooks as well as an array of objects – photo albums, clippings, tapes – which evoke the sense of previous performances and their singers. Despite their intention to transmit the songs with little or no change, singers have a flexible relationship with the material and in some cases subvert the authority of recorded or printed sources by turning instead to first-hand experiences. This simultaneous presence of past and present has tremendous implications for what it means to know a song, and one comes to understand it as a composite of multiple memories, performances and meanings.

Since the first Scottish Gaelic-speaking settlers arrived in Nova Scotia in the late 18th century, their Gaelic singing tradition has been an integral part of life in communities on Cape Breton Island. With the waning of the Gaelic language, however, came efforts to collect and preserve the song tradition, and the intention to pass it along intact. This dissertation eschews the consideration of Gaelic singing as a monolithic tradition with a common repertoire and experience, and instead examines it as a multifaceted process enacted by individuals in three main sites: home, public performance and the archive. It examines the various ways the practice manifests itself, concluding that memory and individual agency are constants, both for singers and listeners. Through interviews, participant-observer activity and archival research, this study demonstrates that Gaelic singers have been far from passive culture-bearers but have instead actively shaped their song practice by choosing repertoire, melody variants and texts. It also discusses the dynamic role of memory and social interaction in the transmission and performance of Gaelic song. Memories of other singers, discussion of the text, and contextual details draw singers and listeners into a community that is both synchronic and diachronic. This practice is chiefly oral, but is supported by recordings and printed songbooks as well as an array of objects – photo albums, clippings, tapes – which evoke the sense of previous performances and their singers. Despite their intention to transmit the songs with little or no change, singers have a flexible relationship with the material and in some cases subvert the authority of recorded or printed sources by turning instead to first-hand experiences. This simultaneous presence of past and present has tremendous implications for what it means to know a song, and one comes to understand it as a composite of multiple memories, performances and meanings.