Orientador: Marcia Ortiz Mayo Marques / Resumo: Pertencente à família Cannabaceae, o lúpulo (Humulus lupulus L.) é considerado um dos ingredientes mais importante da cerveja por proporcionar amargor e odor na bebida, devido aos α-ácidos e β-ácidos e ao óleo essencial presentes nas inflorescências femininas. Os óleos essenciais são responsáveis pelo perfil aromático das variedades de lúpulo, podendo variar de 0,5 a 3% de teor nos cones secos. No Brasil, o cultivo de lúpulo ainda é recente e advém de iniciativas de agricultores, em boa parte, de pequena escala, com potencial de crescimento desse nicho de mercado. Para o fomento da mesma, é importante analisar o perfil químico dos óleos essenciais, uma vez que, fatores genéticos, ambientais, de cultivo, época de colheita e processamento do material vegetal podem afetar sua composição química. O objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar a composição química dos óleos essenciais de variedades de Humulus lupulus, cultivadas em diferentes localidades no Brasil. No total foram avaliadas 18 amostras de 13 variedades (Cascade, Chinook, TP, Medusa, Suíço, Mantiqueira, Saaz, EKG1, Columbus, Comet, Hallertau Mittelfrüch, Brazylinsk e Nugget) provenientes dos estados de São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul e Rio de Janeiro, safra de 2019. Os óleos essenciais foram extraídos por hidrodestilação em aparato Clevenger por três horas, a partir de 45 g de cones secos. A análise da composição química dos óleos essenciais foi realizada por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Belonging to the Cannabaceae family, hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is considered one of the most important ingredients in beer by providing the bitterness and odor of the drink due to α and β-acids and to the essential oil present in its female inflorescences. Essential oils are responsible for the aromatic profile of hop varieties, ranging from 0.5 to 3% of the content in dry cones. In Brazil, the cultivation of hops is still recent and comes from initiatives of small farmers with potential expansion of this market niche. However, to promote it, it is important to analyze the essential oils chemical profile, since genetic, environment and cultivation factors, as well as harvest season and plant material processing might affect its chemical composition. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of essential oils of Humulus lupulus varieties, cultivated in different locations of Brazil. In total, 18 samples of 13 varieties (Cascade, Chinook, TP, Medusa, Suíço, Mantiqueira, Saaz, EKG1, Columbus, Comet, Hallertau Mittelfrüch, Brazylinsk and Nugget) from São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul and Rio de Janeiro states were evaluated, from a 2019 harvest. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus for three hours, from 45 g of dry cones. The analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography coupled to ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Tyrimų tikslas – išsiaiškinti DVAsiurblių aktyvumą dar neištirtose E. typographi bakterijose, esančiose žievėgraužio tipografo žarnyno mikrofloroje, jas veikiant eterinių aliejų sudedamąją dalimimircenu (MC). Tyrimai atlikti VDU Biochemijos katedroje vykdant potenciometrinius universalaus daugiavaisčio atsparumo siurblių substrato TPP+ jonų srautų per ląstelės apvalkalėlį matavimus.E. typographiląsteliųreakcijas į mirceną lyginome su šios medžiagos poveikiu gramneigiamosiomsE. coli ir S. enterica, ir gramteigiamosiomsS. aureus ir B. subtilis ląstelėms. MC poveikįE. typographiląstelėms stebėjome ir lyginome su pokyčiais, paveikus jas rezerpinu (RZ) ir RND šeimos siurblių slopikliufenilalanil-arginil-β-naftilamidu(PAβN).Tyrėme laukinio tipo ir mutantines E. coliirS. entericaląsteles, o taip pat ląsteles su pralaidinta išorine membrana bei pažeistais DVA siurbliais. Lygindami E. typographiląsteles su gramteigiamosiomis ląstelėmis, išsiaiškinome, kadPAβN panašiai slopina TPP+ kaupimąsi S. aureus, B. subtilis ir E. typographi ląstelėse, bet gramteigiamosioms ląstelėms reikia didesnės MC koncentracijos iki pilnos ląstelių plazminės membranos depoliarizacijos. Alkaloidas rezerpinas EDTA dorotose E. typographi ląstelėse skatino substrato TPP+ jonų sugertį, o ląstelėse su intaktine išorine membrana depoliarizavo plazminę membraną. / The aim of the study was to determine activity of MDR pumps in yet uninvestigated E. typography cells discovered in bark beetle gut microflora. The cells were exposed to myrcene anintegral part essential oils. The Investigations were carried out at department of Biochemistry of VMU using potentiometric analysis of a flow through the cell envelope of an universal substrate of multidrug resistant pumps substrate TPP+ions. Reactions of E. typography cells to myrcene were compared with effects of this compound on Gram-negative E. coli and S. entericaas well as Gram-positive S. aureus and B. subtiliscells. Effects of myrcene on E. typography cell were compared with the cell responses to alkaloid reserpine (RZ) and RND-type efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanyl – arginine – β – naphthylamide ( PAβN ). We investigated also wild type and mutant E. coli and S. enterica cells, including the cells with EDTA-permeabilized outer membrane. Comparing E. typographycells with Gram-positive bacteria we found that inhibition of S. aureus, B. subtilis and E. typography pumpsusing PAβN was similar, but Gram-positive bacteria required higher concentrations of MC to depolarize the cells. Alkaloid reserpine stimulated the accumulation of TPP+ions by EDTA-treated E. typographycells but in the case of cells with the intact outer membrane this inhibitor depolarized the cells.

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