Use the special [2,2,1] bicyclo compound via photo reaction get the cyclopentene compound,and studyies toward Hop Ether and Skytanthine.

Zugl.: Frankfurt (Main), Univ., Diss., 2009

Hannover, Universiẗat, Diss., 2000.

Zugl.: Bremen, Universiẗat, Diss., 1998.

This study, based on data collected in 2006, examined the effect of microclimate, as solar aspect, on yield and quality parameters of Riesling vines of a vineyard in the Niagara Peninsula, Thirty Bench Winery, Beamsville, Ontario. Precision viticulture practices including GPS (Global Positioning System), GIS (Geographic Information System) and LIDAR (Laser Range Finder) were used to delineate the microclimate and categorize variations within the vineyard. Within GIS, slope and aspect analysis tools generated solar aspect data. Two different zones were identified and compared for yield and quality data. Monoterpene concentrations in grapes differed by solar aspect, with vines receiving elevated solar radiation showing increased monoterpene concentrations. Since monoterpenes are important to the aroma and flavour of Riesling wines, a difference could impact the quality of the wine produced. Overall, this work shows the potential of precision viticulture in the development of terroir –specific wine in the Niagara region.

Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 2009

No description available.

The chemical diversity and biological activities of terpene and terpenoids have served in the development of new flavors, fragrances, medicines and pesticides. While terpenes are made predominantly by plants and microbes in small amounts and as components of complex mixtures, chemical synthesis of terpenes remains technically challenging, costly and inefficient. In this dissertation, methods to create new yeast lines possessing a dispensable mevalonate biosynthetic pathway wherein carbon flux can be diverted to build any chemical class of terpene product are described. The ability of this line to generate diterpenes was next investigated. Using a 5.5 L fed bath fermentation system, about 569 mg/L kaurene and approximately 207 mg/L abietadiene plus 136 mg/L additional isomers were achieved. To engineer more highly modified diterpenes might have greater industrial, agricultural or medicinal applications, kaurenoic acid production reached 514 mg/L with byproduct kaurene and kaurenal at 71.7mg/L and 20.1mg/L, respectively, in fed batch fermentation conditions. Furthermore, ZXM lines for engineer monoterpene and ZXB lines for engineer triterpene were generated by additional specific genomic modification, 84.76 ±13.2 mg/L linalool, 20.54±3.8 mg/L nerolidol and 297.7mg/L squalene were accumulate in ZXM144 line ana ZXB line, respectively, in shake flask conditions.

Metabólitos secundários são produzidos por alguns grupos vegetais e são essenciais nas diferentes estratégias de adaptação às adversidades ambientais, atuando na proteção e comunicação das plantas, sendo responsivos a diversos fatores bióticos e abióticos. Entre as diversas categorias de metabólitos secundários, os alcalóides apresentam principal função relacionada à defesa contra herbívoros; atuam também na proteção contra patógenos e na interação química com outras plantas (alelopatia). Alcalóides monoterpenos indólicos (MIAs) são uma classe de alcalóides de origem biossintética mista, e apresentam propriedades farmacológicas conhecidas (e.g. MIAs de Catharanthus roseus e Rauwolfia serpentina). MIAs provenientes de algumas espécies de Psychotria do Sul do Brasil são descritos como agentes antioxidantes, antimutagênicos, ansiolíticos, antidepressivos, antipsicóticos e analgésicos, apresentando grande potencial farmacológico. N,β-D-glicopiranosil vincosamida (GPV) é o alcalóide majoritário de Psychotria leiocarpa (Rubiaceae – APG III), apresentando estrutura semelhante a alguns alcalóides bioativos de Psychotria da região, com a peculiaridade de ser N-glicosilado. No presente trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito de dano mecânico e aplicação de jasmonato sobre o acúmulo de GPV no contexto de um possível papel do alcalóide em respostas à herbivoria, além de propriedades antioxidantes do composto. O teor de GPV se manteve constante após a aplicação dos tratamentos, ao longo de todo o experimento. Portanto, a estratégia de acúmulo deste alcalóide segue o padrão de fitoanticipina. No ensaio de dano mecânico os teores de compostos fenólicos também foram monitorados e se mantiveram constantes. Ensaios de herbivoria utilizando dois modelos generalistas e um especialista, não constataram eficácia do GPV na proteção contra estes predadores. Ensaios de atividade contra oxigênio singleto, ânions superóxido, radicais hidroxil e peróxido de hidrogênio revelaram ampla atividade antioxidante, com alguns resultados similares ao controle positivo (Trolox, um análogo da vitamina E). Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho, juntamente com dados existentes da literatura para metabólitos correlatos, sugerem uma função fundamentalmente antioxidante de MIAs de Psychotria, atuando como um modulador de estresse oxidativo. / Some plants groups accumulate secondary metabolites, which may play a major role in different strategies to deal with environmental challenges, being responsive to several biotic and abiotic factors and functioning as protection and communication agents. Among secondary metabolites, alkaloids play a major role as anti-feedant agents and are also involved in pathogen protection and chemical interaction (allelopathy). Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are derived from two distinct biosynthetic pathways and possess well known pharmacological properties (e.g. MIAs from Catharanthus roseus and Rauwolfia serpentina). MIAs from Southern Brazilian Psychotria have been characterized as antioxidant, antimutagenic, ansyolitic, antidepressive, antipsychotic and analgesic agents, therefore bearing relevant pharmacological potential. N,β-D-glucopyranosil vincosamide (GPV) is the major alkaloid from Psychotria leiocarpa (Rubiaceae - APG III) and its structure, besides being additionally glycosylated in the N indol ring, is similar to a few bioactive alkaloids from native Psychotria species. In the present work, the effects of wounding and jasmonate application on GPV accumulation, and also antioxidant properties, were evaluated in the context of a potential role of the alkaloid in herbivory responses. GPV content remained constant after treatments, at all times of exposure. Therefore, GPV seems to present a phytoanticipin-like accumulation pattern. In the mechanical wounding assay, phenolic compounds content was also monitored and remained constant. In two herbivory assay models, a generalist and a specialist, GPV was not efficient to prevent herbivore feeding. Singlet oxygen, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide assays showed GPV has broad antioxidant activity, in some cases with activity equivalent to the positive control (Trolox, a vitamin E analog). The results obtained in this work, together with published results from our research group, strongly suggest an antioxidant role for Psychotria MIA alkaloids, which may act as oxidative stress modulators.

This PhD thesis aims to improve the knowledge on the processes and chemical species in the gas- and particle-phases that are involved in the production of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from monoterpene oxidation in the atmosphere. A denuder/filter technique that enabled the simultaneous sampling of gaseous and particulate compounds was applied in the present study. The sampling technique was comprehensively characterised and optimised using twelve atmospherically relevant carbonyl compounds. The present study improved the denuder coating procedure and the sampling performance. An additional coating with the derivatisation reagent, 2,4‑dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), reduced the break-through potential (e.g., from 98% to 0.9% for methyl vinyl ketone) and the fraction of carbonyl compounds on the filter material (e.g., from 8.7% to 0% for acetone). Calibration experiments against an aerosol chamber were performed to reduce the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the calibration points in the denuder measurements. The RSDs were reduced by half for acetone, acetaldehyde, methyl vinyl ketone, glyoxal, benzaldehyde and campholenic aldehyde using a XAD‑4/DNPH denuder, and the quantification error was also reduced. This sampling technique was then applied to a series of α- and β-pinene ozonolysis experiments. The present study examined the influence of an OH radical scavenger (CO), and hence the HO2/RO2 ratio, on the SOA formation, product distribution and partitioning behaviour of selected oxidation products in conjunction with different seed particle acidities. It was shown that SOA yields increased by about 8% in α-pinene ozonolysis when CO and acidic seed particles co-existed, whereas only a marginal difference was observed (increase of 2%) for β-pinene compared to neutral seed particles. From the denuder/filter sample analysis, it was possible to tentatively identify a new compound from the α-pinene ozonolysis, i.e., terpenylic aldehyde. Gas- and particle-phase yields were estimated for the first time for this compound (i.e., 1% and 0.4%, respectively). The atmospheric relevance of terpenylic aldehyde was demonstrated based on ambient filter measurements and a possible formation pathway was suggested. Furthermore, the present study provided an additional explanation for enhanced SOA formation when acidic seed particles are used in monoterpene ozonolysis. It was demonstrated that the isomerisation of monoterpene oxides on acidic seed particles leads to the formation of highly reactive SOA precursors, whose subsequent reaction with ozone contributes significantly to SOA formation.