In this study, the characteristics of low-pressure chemical vapor deposition deposited silicon nitride films on n-GaN substrate were investigated. The physical and chemical properties were measured and surveyed. And an Al/LPCVD-Si3N4/n-GaN MOS structure was used for the electrical characterizations. For the electrical property improvements, we investigated the low-pressure chemical vapor deposition deposited silicon nitride films by (NH4)2Sx treatment. Furthermore, the silicon nitride films were passivated by fluorine ions to improve the electrical characterizations that came from the liquid phase deposited SiO2 stacks. After the (NH4)2Sx treatment and fluorine ions passivation, the dielectric constant of low-pressure chemical vapor deposition deposited silicon nitride films were maintained and the leakage current density were improved. The highest dielectric constant is 12.13, and lowest leakage current density are 1.73¡Ñ10-10 A/cm2 at 1 MV/cm and 3.81¡Ñ10-10 A/cm2 at 1 MV/cm for the LPCVD-Si3N4 film after fluorine passivation and (NH4)2Sx treatment.

Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) films have been deposited on ITO glass substrate. DLC thin film was electrodeposited at low DC potential using a mixture of acetic acid and DI water. The DLC film deposition parameters include DC potential, deposited temperature, the concentration of electrolyte were used to study the characteristics of DLC film measured by the Ellipsometer, XPS, SEM and Raman spectroscopy in detail. The Raman spectra shows two peaks located near 1358cm-1 and 1580cm-1 assigned as the characteristics peaks of DLC films. That is an evidence for DLC film deposited successfully on ITO glass. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can make insight into accurately the surface morphology and uniformity of DLC films so as used to grow the best quality of DLC films. From the variations of the I-t curve and the surface morphology observed by SEM, the properties of DLC film depend on a verity of growth parameters such as applied voltage, the concentration of electrolyte and deposition temperature. The shift of G-peak increase with the applied voltage, and the sp2/sp3 ratio of the content C1s decreases with the applied voltage. Finally, based on the I-t curve and results of SEM, XPS, Raman, and Ellipsometer for n, k coefficients measured, we obtain a deeply understanding for the growth conditions of DLC films and their surface morphology. We achieve the consistent results between various measurements. Finally, the optimizing growth of DLC film is to be studied and discussed in future

Sowohl bei der Forschung der Maillard-Reaktion in Lebensmitteln als auch im menschlichen Körper lag das Hauptaugenmerk bislang auf der Reaktion der Carbonylfunktion mit den Aminofunktionen der Seitenketten wie Lysin oder Arginin, da sie in vielen Lebensmitteln oder physiologischen Proteinen die größte Quelle an Aminofunktionen darstellen. Dagegen wurde eine vergleichbare Reaktion mit dem N-Terminus von Aminosäuren, Peptiden oder Proteinen weniger beachtet, obgleich in lysinarmen oder peptidhaltigen Lebensmitteln die N-terminalen Aminofunktionen dominieren und die Seitenketten körpereigener Proteine räumlich für einen Angriff der Carbonylfunktion unzugänglich sein können. Da in den HA-Nahrungen die allergieauslösenden Proteine hydrolytisch gespalten vorliegen, stehen für eine mögliche Amadori-Produktbildung gegenüber den konventionellen Säuglingsnahrungen quantitativ mehr alpha-Aminogruppen als epsilon-Aminogruppen zur Verfügung. Demzufolge sollte für die Beurteilung von HA-Nahrungen eine Methode entwickelt werden, mit deren Hilfe eine Aussage über die Amadori-Produktbildung auch am N-Terminus getroffen werden kann. Aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen der Furoylmethylderivate-Bestimmung (FMAA-Bestimmung) in peptidhaltigen Lebensmitteln, war es ein weiteres Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation die entwickelte Methode auch auf ihre Anwendbarkeit auf die Beurteilung des Glykierungsstatus des Hämoglobin in vivo zu testen. Nach der N-terminalen Amadori-Produktbildung im Zuge der frühen Phase der Maillard-Reaktion lag im zweiten Teil der Dissertation das Hauptaugenmerk auf die fortgeschrittene Phase der Maillard-Reaktion am N-Terminus von Peptiden oder Proteinen. Der Schwerpunkt lag dabei auf der Bildung von 2-(1H)-Pyrazinonen im komplexen trockenen Lebensmittel und in vivo.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Auburn University,2006. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (p.138-140).

Thesis (doctoral)--Københavns universitet, 1979. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 946-961) and index.

Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-78).

Thesis--Copenhagen. / Summary in English. Bibliography: p. 370-[371].

Thesis (M.A.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-184).

The dependency of continuous electricity supply is high in the Swedish society today, at the same time no one is willing to pay for a too costly or over dimensioned power distribution system. The owners of the distribution systems are the ones responsible for this balance act of maintaining a high quality of electricity delivery to customers at a reasonable cost. In this master thesis a limited part of the primary distribution system (10 kV), owned by Mälarenergi Elnät AB and located in the city centre of Västerås, was chosen for a deeper analysis of its reliability. Its ability to handle outages of system components (N-1 and N-2 contingency analysis) was investigated to find out potential weak spots and parts of the grid that showed signs of being overdimensioned. The results of the performed simulations showed that in 74 % of the studied N-1 contingencies cases, consisting of outages of a bus bar in a distribution substation, the system could handle this without causing outages in other parts of the grid. For the N-2 contingencies 61 % passed the test. It was also found that one of the two included high voltage substations could alone supply the investigated part of the grid. Some cables and transformers were found to be more or less unnecessary, whereas other components proved to be overloaded in several situations.

No description available.