According to the Electricity act, an owner of a production facility should get financial compensation from the grid owner for the benefits it has on the grid. The compensation for the grid benefit should correspond to the reduced costs of fees and reduced costs of losses. The Swedish Energy Markets Inspectorate (Ei) uses a method called Method 2020 for calculating grid benefit compensation when there is a disagreement between a grid owner and the owner of a production facility. The method should be objective, non-discriminatory, and transparent. The aim was to analyse how Method 2020 meets the requirements of the Electricity act regarding objectivity and non-discrimination as well as being compatible with efficient grid utilization and effective production. The goal was to analyse if the method creates incentives for efficient grid utilization and make suggestions for improving the method. The thesis explored how different actors perceive Method 2020 through interviews with Ei, DSOs, and the Swedish TSO. The perception mainly differs regarding whether the reduced costs and how they are calculated in Method 2020 should correspond to forecasts or actual outcomes. The opinions differ concerning guaranteed power and if it should be part of the grid benefit compensation, which is also related to the time perspective. Furthermore, the thesis explored if all energy sources receive the same compensation and if it is possible to use a generalised compensation for all energy sources. This was executed by combining different grid characteristics, production units, and grid fees in Method 2020. There is significant variation in compensation for hydro, wind, and CHP units in grids dominated by production, consumption, or a mix of both, so that no general compensation is possible. However, compensation for PV units vary very little and should therefore be possible to have a standardised compensation, preferably based on time of use. The compensation will differ geographically due to grid fees. The results showed that Method 2020 is unjust towards production units that are large compared to the grid's transmitted energy. It is therefore suggested that impact of the production unit should be removed from the interconnection point. This will create better incentives for efficient grid utilisation.

Detta examensarbete har utförts på Vattenfall Eldistribution AB i Trollhättan och syftar till att beräkna förlustförändringarna i lågspänningsnätet då mikroproduktion i form av solceller ansluts. Genom att ansluta mikroproduktion i lågspänningsnätet kan nätets energiförluster reduceras. Denna reducering samt den energi som inte behöver överföras från överliggande nät anses vara den nätnytta solceller ger upphov till. Samtliga elproducenter som är anslutna till elnätet har rätt till ersättning för nätnytta uppkommen av produktionen. Ersättningen skall baseras på inmatad energi samt vid vilken tidpunkt inmatningen sker. För mikroproducenter är det svårt att motivera att i varje enskilt fall beräkna nätnyttan, varför ett generellt schablonvärde beräknats för Vattenfalls lågspänningsnät. Beräkningen har utförts utifrån uppmätta sol- och lastdata på sex olika lågspänningsnät vilka tillsammans anses representera ett generellt nät. Resultaten visar att mikroproduktion med solceller generellt ger upphov till förlustminskningar motsvarande 2,51 % av varje inmatad kWh under låglasttid och 4,82 % under höglasttid. / This bachelor’s thesis aims to investigate how photovoltaic micro production alters energy losses in the Swedish low voltage grid. The thesis has been composed in collaboration with Vattenfall Eldistribution AB. By connecting micro production to the low voltage distribution network, the grid energy losses may be reduced. Additionally, less energy needs to be transferred from the overlying network. These two features are considered the network performance improvements that apply to photovoltaics. All producers connected to the grid are entitled to economic compensation due to network performance improvements caused by the production. The compensation shall be based on the amount of energy fed in as well as on the time when this happens. Regarding micro producers, it is hard to motivate separate calculations for each producer. Therefore, a general value of loss alteration applicable to the low voltage grid has been calculated. The calculations have been based on actual sun radiation and load data and have been carried out for six different low voltage grids. Combined, these six networks are regarded representative for the Swedish low voltage grid. The result of the calculations state that photovoltaic micro production will reduce the grid energy losses by 2.51 % of each fed in kWh during low load time and by 4.82 % during high load time.

This study was commissioned by Umeå Energi under the supervision of Rejlers. The assignment consisted of investigating how electricity production facilities affected the grid utility in the region's electricity grid. As the Energy Market Inspectorate in PM - Ei PM2020: 04 developed new calculation methods of grid utility compensation, these were applied in the study. The calculations were then made at four production facilities in the Umeå region's electricity network. In calculations in the study, four calculation variants based on Ei:s Method 2020 were also used. This was due to ambiguities in Ei's memorandum and what the region's tariff setting looked like at low and high load times. For each plant, a retroactive hourly compensation was also developed in relation to the plant's produced energy. What emerged was that each electricity generation plant has an individual impact on grid utility, regardless of the power plant's power type. It also turned out that the compensation varied depending on how the memorandum from Ei was interpreted. The discussion indicates that the network utility compensation has been developed so that the production owner will receive fair compensation. The results also show the challenge of determining a fair grid utility benefit compensation in advance.As a result, retroactive calculations of compensation will there fore be preferred to obtain the actual plant's network's net benefit. / Denna studie har gjorts på uppdrag av Umeå Energi med handledning av Rejlers. Uppdraget bestod av att undersöka hur elproduktionsanläggningar påverkade nätnyttan i regionens elnät. I och med att  energimarknadsinspektionen i PM - Ei PM2020:04 tagit fram nya beräkningsmetoder av nätnyttoersättning så tillämpades dessa i studien. Beräkningarna gjordes sedan på fyra produktionsanläggningar i Umeåregionens elnät. Vid beräkningar i studien användes även fyra beräkningsvarianter baserade på Ei:s Metod 2020. Detta till följd av tvetydigheter i Ei:s promemoria samt hur regionens tariffsättning såg ut vid låg- och höglasttider. För varje anläggning togs även en retroaktiv timbaserad ersättning fram i förhållande till anläggningens producerade energi.  Det som framkom var att varje elproduktionsanläggning har en individuell påverkan av nätnytta, oberoende av produktionsanläggningens kraftslag. Det visade sig också att ersättningen varierade beroende på hur promemorian från Ei tolkas. Diskussionen indikerar på att nätnyttoersättningen är framtagen för att produktionsinnehavaren ska få en rättvisande ersättning. Resultatet visar även på utmaningen med att bestämma en rättvisande nätnyttoersättning i förväg.Därav blir retroaktiva beräkningar av ersättning att fördra för att få fram produktionsanläggningens faktiska nätnytta.